scholarly journals On-chip Paper Electrophoresis for Ultrafast Screening of Infectious Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamin Na ◽  
Byoung-Hoon Kang ◽  
Jayoung Ku ◽  
Yoosik Kim ◽  
Ki-Hun Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Viral Dsrna ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
On Chip

AbstractThe outbreak of new viral strains promotes advances in universal diagnostic techniques for detecting infectious diseases with unknown viral sequence. Long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a hallmark of infections, serves as a virus marker for prompt detection of viruses with unknown genomes. Here, we report on-chip paper electrophoresis for ultrafast screening of infectious diseases. Negatively charged RNAs pass through the micro and nanoscale pores of cellulose in order of size under an external electric field applied to the paper microfluidic channel. Quantitative separation of long dsRNA mimicking poly I:C was analyzed from 1.67 to 33 ng·μL−1, which is close to the viral dsRNA concentration in infected cells. This paper-based capillary electrophoresis chip (paper CE chip) can provide a new diagnostic platform for ultrafast viral disease detection at the point-of-care (POC) level.

scholarly journals Dengue disease diagnosis: A puzzle to be solved

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Viral Isolation ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The Impact

<p>Dengue is an infection caused by dengue virus and is the most<br />important arthropod transmitted viral disease in the world,<br />causing near 100 million cases and 50 000 fatalities each year.<br />Health authorities believe that these numbers will grow in<br />coming years. In Colombia, almost 600 municipalities are in<br />regions with Aedes aegypti circulation, and the presence of four<br />dengue serotypes has been demonstrated. Despite the increasing<br />knowledge about disease pathogenesis and the dengue virus,<br />some technical or scientific difficulties with diagnosing dengue<br />remain, negatively affecting both public health surveillance<br />and the appropriate attention to patients in health settings and<br />hospitals. This paper reviews the principles and developments<br />of the current diagnostic techniques for dengue, pointing out<br />the difficulties with making accurate dengue diagnoses and case<br />confirmations in public health and specialized laboratories. The<br />principles and limitations of MAC-ELISA, IgG serology, viral<br />NS1 detection and viral isolation by cell culture are presented.<br />In addition, the review of immunochromatography techniques<br />(rapid diagnostic tests) that have been put forward to help the<br />point-of-care diagnosis is proposed. This paper is intended to<br />bring forward some points of view about the issues related to<br />dengue diagnosis and contribute to improve the discussion<br />surrounding the strategies and techniques needed for reducing<br />the impact of the disease and favoring its control.</p>

scholarly journals Next-Generation Molecular Diagnostics Development by CRISPR/Cas Tool: Rapid Detection and Surveillance of Viral Disease Outbreaks

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonal Srivastava ◽  
Dilip J. Upadhyay ◽  
Ashish Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Next Generation

Virus disease spreads effortlessly mechanically or through minute insect vectors that are extremely challenging to avoid. Emergence and reemergence of new viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), H1N1 influenza virus, avian influenza virus, dengue virus, Citrus tristeza virus, and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus have paralyzed the economy of many countries. The cure for major viral diseases is not feasible; however, early detection and surveillance of the disease can obstruct their spread. Therefore, advances in the field of virus diagnosis and the development of new point-of-care testing kits become necessary globally. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) is an emerging technology for gene editing and diagnostics development. Several rapid nucleic acid diagnostic kits have been developed and validated using Cas9, Cas12, and Cas13 proteins. This review summarizes the CRISPR/Cas-based next-generation molecular diagnostic techniques and portability of devices for field-based utilization.

Ultra-Sensitive Point of Care Biosensor for Detecting Pathogeneses

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 1940014
Author(s):  
Negin Farzad ◽  
Chengde Cui ◽  
Ali Senejani ◽  
Saion Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Selective Basis ◽  
Pcr Techniques

Pathogen diseases cause considerable loses in production of food which impact human health from diverse bacterial/viral infections. Precise spotting and diagnosis of such infectious disease is significant to prevent it from further outbreak issues. Moreover, to detect this kind of diseases at an early stage with highly sensitive and selective basis is necessary to avoid the spread of invasive pathogens. The conventional methods such as ELISA, PCR techniques are currently in use to diagnose bacterial/viral disease with high throughput. Though these diagnostic techniques assist in detect and identify the diseases, there are few modern challenges to be meet in order to make this diagnostic more effective in recent days. In this paper, our designed device consists of Bionanosensor works on nucleic acid-based testing provides result with high specificity and selectivity which is vital for early stage identification in a rapid real-time effective manner

scholarly journals Turntable Paper-Based Device to Detect Escherichia coli

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Yung-Chih Wang ◽  
Yao-Hung Tsai ◽  
Ching-Fen Shen ◽  
Ming-Yao He ◽  
Yi-Chen Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Multiple Integral ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Experimental Implementation ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Escherichia coli has been known to cause a variety of infectious diseases. The conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a well-known method widely used to diagnose a variety of infectious diseases. This method is expensive and requires considerable time and effort to conduct and complete multiple integral steps. We previously proposed the use of paper-based ELISA to rapidly detect the presence of E. coli. This approach has demonstrated utility for point-of-care (POC) urinary tract infection diagnoses. Paper-based ELISA, while advantageous, still requires the execution of several procedural steps. Here, we discuss the design and experimental implementation of a turntable paper-based device to simplify the paper-based ELISA protocols for the detection of E. coli. In this process, antibodies or reagents are preloaded onto zones of a paper-based device and allowed to dry before use. We successfully used this device to detect E. coli with a detection limit of 105 colony-forming units (colony-forming unit [CFU])/mL.

scholarly journals Design Methodology of Passive In-Line Relays for Molecular Communication in Flow-Induced Microfluidic Channel

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Puneet Manocha ◽  
Gitanjali Chandwani
Keyword(s):  
Communication System ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
Microfluidic Channels ◽  
Molecular Communication ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Lab On Chip ◽  
Molecular Communication Systems ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
On Chip

Molecular communication is a bioinspired communication that enables macro-scale, micro-scale and nano-scale devices to communicate with each other. The molecular communication system is prone to severe signal attenuation, dispersion and delay, which leads to performance degradation as the distance between two communicating devices increases. To mitigate these challenges, relays are used to establish reliable communication in microfluidic channels. Relay assisted molecular communication systems can also enable interconnection among various entities of the lab-on-chip for sharing information. Various relaying schemes have been proposed for reliable molecular communication systems, most of which lack practical feasibility. Thus, it is essential to design and develop relays that can be practically incorporated into the microfluidic channel. This paper presents a novel design of passive in-line relay for molecular communication system that can be easily embedded in the microfluidic channel and operate without external energy. Results show that geometric modification in the microfluidic channel can act as a relay and restore the degraded signal up-to 28%.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Virus: Laboratory and Point-of-Care Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 518-539
Author(s):  
Peuli Nath ◽  
Md Alamgir Kabir ◽  
Somaiyeh Khoubafarin Doust ◽  
Aniruddha Ray
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Simplex Virus

Herpes is a widespread viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) that has no permanent cure to date. There are two subtypes, HSV-1 and HSV-2, that are known to cause a variety of symptoms, ranging from acute to chronic. HSV is highly contagious and can be transmitted via any type of physical contact. Additionally, viral shedding can also happen from asymptomatic infections. Thus, early and accurate detection of HSV is needed to prevent the transmission of this infection. Herpes can be diagnosed in two ways, by either detecting the presence of the virus in lesions or the antibodies in the blood. Different detection techniques are available based on both laboratory and point of care (POC) devices. Laboratory techniques include different biochemical assays, microscopy, and nucleic acid amplification. In contrast, POC techniques include microfluidics-based tests that enable on-spot testing. Here, we aim to review the different diagnostic techniques, both laboratory-based and POC, their limits of detection, sensitivity, and specificity, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.

Smartphone controlled platform for point-of-care diagnosis of infectious diseases

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Salomon ◽  
Salvador Tropea ◽  
Diego Brengi ◽  
Ariel Hernandez ◽  
Diego Alamon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Point Of Care

Microfluidic Channel Fabrication With Tailored Wall Roughness

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ren ◽  
Sriram Sundararajan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Etch Depth ◽  
Wall Roughness ◽  
Random Surface ◽  
Lab On Chip ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Autocorrelation Length

Realistic random roughness of channel surfaces is known to affect the fluid flow behavior in microscale fluidic devices. This has relevance particularly for applications involving non-Newtonian fluids, such as biomedical lab-on-chip devices. In this study, a surface texturing process was developed and integrated into microfluidic channel fabrication. The process combines colloidal masking and Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) for generating random surfaces with desired roughness parameters on the micro/nanoscale. The surface texturing process was shown to be able to tailor the random surface roughness on quartz. A Large range of particle coverage (around 6% to 67%) was achieved using dip coating and drop casting methods using a polystyrene colloidal solution. A relation between the amplitude roughness, autocorrelation length, etch depth and particle coverage of the processed surface was built. Experimental results agreed reasonably well with model predictions. The processed substrate was further incorporated into microchannel fabrication. Final device with designed wall roughness was tested and proved a satisfying sealing performance.

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