scholarly journals Porosity, cracks, and mechanical properties of additively manufactured tooling alloys: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prveen Bidare ◽  
Amaia Jiménez ◽  
Hany Hassanin ◽  
Khamis Essa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
H13 Steel ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Cooling Channels ◽  
Maraging Steels ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Am Processes

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) technologies are currently employed for the manufacturing of completely functional parts and have gained the attention of high-technology industries such as the aerospace, automotive, and biomedical fields. This is mainly due to their advantages in terms of low material waste and high productivity, particularly owing to the flexibility in the geometries that can be generated. In the tooling industry, specifically the manufacturing of dies and molds, AM technologies enable the generation of complex shapes, internal cooling channels, the repair of damaged dies and molds, and an improved performance of dies and molds employing multiple AM materials. In the present paper, a review of AM processes and materials applied in the tooling industry for the generation of dies and molds is addressed. AM technologies used for tooling applications and the characteristics of the materials employed in this industry are first presented. In addition, the most relevant state-of-the-art approaches are analyzed with respect to the process parameters and microstructural and mechanical properties in the processing of high-performance tooling materials used in AM processes. Concretely, studies on the AM of ferrous (maraging steels and H13 steel alloy) and non-ferrous (stellite alloys and WC alloys) tooling alloys are also analyzed.

Comparative Study of As-Built Geometric and Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Ceramics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Steuben ◽  
Athanasios P. Iliopoulos ◽  
John G. Michopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strain Measurement ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Direct Ink Writing ◽  
Optical Strain Measurement ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Optical Strain ◽  
Am Processes

Additive Manufacturing (AM) encompasses a broad variety of fabrication techniques characterized by successive additions of mass and/or energy to a build domain. AM processes have been developed for a wide variety of feedstock materials, including metals, polymers, and ceramics. In the present work we study the AM of ceramics using the Direct Ink Writing (DIW) technique. We performed comparative studies between additively manufactured and conventionally manufactured test articles, in order to quantify the variations in output geometry and mechanical properties induced by the DIW process. Uniaxial tests are conducted using high-performance optical strain measurement techniques. In particular, it is shown that the DIW-produced specimens exhibit anisotropic shrinkage when fired, as well as a marked decrease in stiffness and ultimate strength. We conclude with a discussion of potential mechanisms which may be responsible for these property degradations, and introduce potential adaptations to the DIW AM process that may be effective in combating them.

scholarly journals Performance of wearables and the effect of user behavior in additive manufacturing process

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
JuYoun Kwon ◽  
Namhun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Process Parameter ◽  
Am Processes

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) which can be a suitable technology to personalize wearables is ideal for adjusting the range of part performance such as mechanical properties if high performance is not required. However, the AM process parameter can impact overall durability and reliability of the part. In this instance, user behavior can play an essential role in performance of wearables through the settings of AM process parameter. This review discusses parameters of AM processes influenced by user behavior with respect to performance required to fabricate AM wearables. Many studies on AM are performed regardless of the process parameters or are limited to certain parameters. Therefore, it is necessary to examine how the main parameters considered in the AM process affect performance of wearables. The overall aims of this review are to achieve a greater understanding of each AM process parameter affecting performance of AM wearables and to provide requisites for the desired performance including the practice of sustainable user behavior in AM fabrication. It is discussed that AM wearables with various performance are fabricated when the user sets the parameters. In particular, we emphasize that it is necessary to develop a qualified procedure and to build a database of each AM machine about part performance to minimize the effect of user behavior.

Strain rate dependence of a crash resistant adhesive as a function of temperature for the automotive industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (11) ◽  
pp. 2189-2203 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJM Machado ◽  
A Hayashi ◽  
PDP Nunes ◽  
EAS Marques ◽  
RJC Carbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diverse Application ◽  
Cohesive Laws ◽  
Materials Used

The wide and diverse application of adhesives in the automotive industry has increased over the last decades, driven by the need to produce efficient yet strong vehicles, able to meet both fuel economy and safety standards. This method allows to bond a variety of dissimilar materials used for structural parts, as well as to achieve lighter structures, and higher failure loads over other traditional methods such as fastening or welding. It is therefore important to understand the behaviour of adhesives under a wide range of strain rates and temperatures. These data are fundamental to ensure vehicle safety, as adhesives must be able to sustain impact conditions, deforming but at the same time keeping the integrity of the structure and transmitting the loads without damaging the joint. The aim and novelty of this work is the complete mechanical characterization of a high-performance crash resistant adhesive under varied strain rate and temperature conditions, necessary for the validation of structures used in the automotive industry. The mechanical behaviour of these materials is still poorly understood and described in the literature. The results showed a change in the mechanical properties of the adhesive with the variation of strain rate (quasi-static and impact of 3 m/s) and temperature (−30, 24 and 80 ℃). With the mechanical properties determined it was possible to define cohesive laws for implementation in finite element simulation, as a function of strain rate and temperature.

scholarly journals Phase Behavior and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of IF-WS2 Reinforced PP–PET Blend-Based Nanocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2342
Author(s):  
Ding Chen ◽  
Santosh K. Tiwari ◽  
Zhiyuan Ma ◽  
Jiahao Wen ◽  
Song Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Inorganic Fullerene ◽  
Materials Used

The industrial advancement of high-performance technologies directly depends on the thermo-mechanical properties of materials. Here we give an account of a facile approach for the bulk production of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/polypropylene (PP)-based nanocomposite blend with Inorganic Fullerene Tungsten Sulfide (IF-WS2) nanofiller using a single extruder. Nanofiller IF-WS2 was produced by the rotary chemical vapor deposition (RCVD) method. Subsequently, IF-WS2 nanoparticles were dispersed in PET and PP in different loadings to access impact and their dispersion behavior in polymer matrices. As-prepared blend nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic differential scanning (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In this work, the tensile strength of the PP/PET matrix with 1% IF-WS2 increased by 31.8%, and the thermal stability of the sample PP/PET matrix with 2% increased by 18 °C. There was an extraordinary decrease in weight loss at elevated temperature for the nanocomposites in TGA analysis, which confirms the role of IF-WS2 on thermal stability versus plain nanocomposites. In addition, this method can also be used for the large-scale production of such materials used in high-temperature environments.

scholarly journals Influence of Microstructure and Defects on Mechanical Properties of AISI H13 Manufactured by Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Kahlert ◽  
Florian Brenne ◽  
Malte Vollmer ◽  
Thomas Niendorf
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Cooling Channels ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Aisi H13

AbstractElectron beam powder bed fusion (E-PBF) is a well-known additive manufacturing process. Components are realized based on layer-by-layer melting of metal powder. Due to the high degree of design freedom, additive manufacturing came into focus of tooling industry, especially for tools with sophisticated internal cooling channels. The present work focuses on the relationships between processing, microstructure evolution, chemical composition and mechanical properties of a high alloyed tool steel AISI H13 (1.2344, X40CrMoV5-1) processed by E-PBF. The specimens are free of cracks, however, lack of fusion defects are found upon use of non-optimized parameters finally affecting the mechanical properties detrimentally. Specimens built based on suitable parameters show a relatively fine grained bainitic/martensitic microstructure, finally resulting in a high ultimate strength and an even slightly higher failure strain compared to conventionally processed and heat treated AISI H13.

Macroprobe Mode for the Study of Segregation in Steels

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Auclair Gilles ◽  
Benoit Danièle
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accurate Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Optical Micrographs

During these last 10 years, high performance correction procedures have been developed for classical EPMA, and it is nowadays possible to obtain accurate quantitative analysis even for soft X-ray radiations. It is also possible to perform EPMA by adapting this accurate quantitative procedures to unusual applications such as the measurement of the segregation on wide areas in as-cast and sheet steel products.The main objection for analysis of segregation in steel by means of a line-scan mode is that it requires a very heavy sampling plan to make sure that the most significant points are analyzed. Moreover only local chemical information is obtained whereas mechanical properties are also dependant on the volume fraction and the spatial distribution of highly segregated zones. For these reasons we have chosen to systematically acquire X-ray calibrated mappings which give pictures similar to optical micrographs. Although mapping requires lengthy acquisition time there is a corresponding increase in the information given by image anlysis.

Mechanical properties and durability of high - performance concrete for bridge decks

PCI Journal ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-130
Author(s):  
Mohsen A. Issa ◽  
Atef A. Khalil ◽  
Shahidul Islam ◽  
Paul D. Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Bridge Decks

BERYLCO 25S

Alloy Digest ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Subzero Temperatures ◽  
Endurance Strength ◽  
Wear And Corrosion ◽  
Resistance To Wear

Abstract Berylco 25S alloy is the high-performance beryllium-copper spring material of 2 percent nominal beryllium content. It responds to precipitation-hardening for maximum mechanical properties. It has high elastic and endurance strength, good electrical and thermal conductivity, excellent resistance to wear and corrosion, high corrosion-fatigue strength, good resistance to moderately elevated temperatures, and no embrittlement or loss of normal ductility at subzero temperatures. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-3. Producer or source: Beryllium Corporation.

Emerging Techniques for the Characterization of Nano-Mechanical Properties of Integrated Circuit Components

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Randall ◽  
Rahul Premachandran Nair
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Solder Bumps ◽  
Initial Work ◽  
Circuit Components ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract With the growing complexity of integrated circuits (IC) comes the issue of quality control during the manufacturing process. In order to avoid late realization of design flaws which could be very expensive, the characterization of the mechanical properties of the IC components needs to be carried out in a more efficient and standardized manner. The effects of changes in the manufacturing process and materials used on the functioning and reliability of the final device also need to be addressed. Initial work on accurately determining several key mechanical properties of bonding pads, solder bumps and coatings using a combination of different methods and equipment has been summarized.

scholarly journals Polymer/Iron-Based Layered Double Hydroxides as Multifunctional Wound Dressings

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1130
Author(s):  
Mariana Pires Figueiredo ◽  
Ana Borrego-Sánchez ◽  
Fátima García-Villén ◽  
Dalila Miele ◽  
Silvia Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Double Hydroxide ◽  
Double Hydroxides

This work presents the development of multifunctional therapeutic membranes based on a high-performance block copolymer scaffold formed by polyether (PE) and polyamide (PA) units (known as PEBA) and layered double hydroxide (LDH) biomaterials, with the aim to study their uses as wound dressings. Two LDH layer compositions were employed containing Mg2+ or Zn2+, Fe3+ and Al3+ cations, intercalated with chloride anions, abbreviated as Mg-Cl or Zn-Cl, or intercalated with naproxenate (NAP) anions, abbreviated as Mg-NAP or Zn-NAP. Membranes were structurally and physically characterized, and the in vitro drug release kinetics and cytotoxicity assessed. PEBA-loading NaNAP salt particles were also prepared for comparison. Intercalated NAP anions improved LDH–polymer interaction, resulting in membranes with greater mechanical performance compared to the polymer only or to the membranes containing the Cl-LDHs. Drug release (in saline solution) was sustained for at least 8 h for all samples and release kinetics could be modulated: a slower, an intermediate and a faster NAP release were observed from membranes containing Zn-NAP, NaNAP and Mg-NAP particles, respectively. In general, cell viability was higher in the presence of Mg-LDH and the membranes presented improved performance in comparison with the powdered samples. PEBA containing Mg-NAP sample stood out among all membranes in all the evaluated aspects, thus being considered a great candidate for application as multifunctional therapeutic dressings.

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