Insights into the impact and solidification of metal droplets in ground-based investigation of droplet deposition 3D printing under microgravity

AbstractFirst patented in 1986, three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing or rapid prototyping, now encompasses a variety of distinct technology types where material is deposited, joined, or solidified layer by layer to create a physical object from a digital file. As 3D printing technologies continue to evolve, and as more manuscripts describing these technologies are published in the medical literature, it is imperative that standardized terminology for 3D printing is utilized. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide recommendations for standardized lexicons for 3D printing technologies described in the medical literature. For all 3D printing methods, standard general ISO/ASTM terms for 3D printing should be utilized. Additional, non-standard terms should be included to facilitate communication and reproducibility when the ISO/ASTM terms are insufficient in describing expository details. By aligning to these guidelines, the use of uniform terms for 3D printing and the associated technologies will lead to improved clarity and reproducibility of published work which will ultimately increase the impact of publications, facilitate quality improvement, and promote the dissemination and adoption of 3D printing in the medical community.

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Transfiguring Healthcare: Three-Dimensional Printing in Pharmaceutical Sciences; Trends during COVID-19: A Review

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i56b33946 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 207-218

Author(s):

K. G. Siree ◽

T. M. Amulya ◽

T. M. Pramod Kumar ◽

S. Sowmya ◽

K. Divith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Medical Devices ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

Three Dimensional Printing ◽

Custom Made ◽

High Degree ◽

The Impact ◽

Dimensional Printing ◽

Shed Light

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a unique technique that allows for a high degree of customisation in pharmacy, dentistry and in designing of medical devices. 3D printing satiates the increasing exigency for consumer personalisation in these fields as custom-made medicines catering to the patients’ requirements are novel advancements in drug therapy. Current research in 3D printing indicates towards reproducing an organ in the form of a chip; paving the way for more studies and opportunities to perfecting the existing technique. In addition, we will also attempt to shed light on the impact of 3D printing in the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Future Medicine: The Impact of 3D Printing

Journal of Nanomaterials & Molecular Nanotechnology ◽

10.4172/2324-8777.1000163 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 04 (03) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

David K Mills

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

The Impact

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The fracture properties of fiber metal laminates based on a 3D printed glass fiber composite

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0892705720976179 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 089270572097617

Author(s):

B Yelamanchi ◽

E MacDonald ◽

NG Gonzalez-Canche ◽

JG Carrillo ◽

P Cortes

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Glass Fiber ◽

High Velocity ◽

Metal Composite ◽

High Velocity Impact ◽

Fiber Metal Laminates ◽

Velocity Impact ◽

Impact Performance ◽

Fiber Metal ◽

The Impact

Fiber Metal Laminates (FML) are structures that contain a sequential arrangement of metal and composite materials, which are of great interest to the aerospace sector due to the superior mechanical performance. The traditional manufacturing process for FML involves considerable investment in manufacturing resources depending on the design complexity of the desired components. To mitigate such limitations, 3D printing enables direct digital manufacturing to create FML with customized configurations. In this work, a preliminary mechanical characterization of additively-manufacturing-enabled FML has been investigated. A series of continuous glass fiber-reinforced composites were printed with a Markforged system and placed between layers of aluminum alloy to manufacture hybrid laminate structures. The laminates were subjected to tensile, interfacial fracture toughness, and both low-velocity and high-velocity impact tests. The results showed that the FMLs appear to have a good degree of adhesion at the metal-composite interface, although a limited intralaminar performance was recorded. It was also observed that the low and high-velocity impact performance of the FMLs was improved by 9–13% relative to that of the constituent elements. The impact performance of the FML appeared to be related to the fiber fracture, out of plane perforation and interfacial delamination within the laminates. The present study can provide an initial research foundation for considering 3D printing in the production of hybrid laminates for static and dynamic applications.

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Mining technology hot spots in the 3D printing industry for technology strategic planning based on MRCAI

Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems ◽

10.3233/jifs-200404 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 7135-7149

Author(s):

Shugang Li ◽

Lirong Zhu ◽

Boyi Zhu ◽

Ru Wang ◽

Lingling Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Strategic Planning ◽

Hot Spots ◽

Prediction Accuracy ◽

Citation Count ◽

Printing Industry ◽

Generalization Performance ◽

Four Dimensions ◽

The One ◽

The Impact

3D printing is the important part of the emerging industry, and the accurate prediction of technology hot spots (THS) in the 3D printing industry is crucial for the strategic technology planning. The patents of the THS are always in the minority and have outlier characteristics, so the existing single and rigid models cannot accurately and robustly predict the THS. In order to make up for the shortcomings of the existing research, this study proposes a model for robust composite attraction indicator (MRCAI), which avoids the impact of outlier patents on prediction accuracy depending on not only extracting the patent attraction indicators (AIs) but also constructing the robust composite attraction indicator (CAI) according to the rough consensus of predicted results of CAIs with high generalization. Specifically, firstly, this study selects the patent AIs from the four dimensions of the attraction: technology group attraction, state attraction, enterprise attraction and inventor attraction. Secondly, in order to completely describe the attraction features of patent, AIs are directly and indirectly integrated into CAIs. Thirdly, we reduce the influence of outlier patents on prediction accuracy from two aspects: on the one hand, we initially select the CAIs with good generalization performance based on the prediction error fluctuation range. On the other hand, we build the robust CAIs by calculating the consensus of CAIs with high generalization performance based on the rough set. Fourthly, the 3D printing industry technology attention matrix is constructed to map the effective technology strategic planning based on predicted patent backward citation count by MRCAI in the short, medium and long term. Finally, the experimental results on 3D printing patent data show that MRCAI can effectively improve the efficiency in dealing with samples with outlier patents and has strong flexibility and robustness in predicting the THS in 3D printing industry.

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Surface Roughness Investigation of Poly-Jet 3D Printing

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math8101758 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 1758

Author(s):

Nectarios Vidakis ◽

Markos Petousis ◽

Nikolaos Vaxevanidis ◽

John Kechagias

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

3D Printing ◽

Surface Quality ◽

Back Propagation ◽

Physical Models ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Feed Forward Back Propagation ◽

The Impact

An experimental investigation of the surface quality of the Poly-Jet 3D printing (PJ-3DP) process is presented. PJ-3DP is an additive manufacturing process, which uses jetted photopolymer droplets, which are immediately cured with ultraviolet lamps, to build physical models, layer-by-layer. This method is fast and accurate due to the mechanism it uses for the deposition of layers as well as the 16 microns of layer thickness used. Τo characterize the surface quality of PJ-3DP printed parts, an experiment was designed and the results were analyzed to identify the impact of the deposition angle and blade mechanism motion onto the surface roughness. First, linear regression models were extracted for the prediction of surface quality parameters, such as the average surface roughness (Ra) and the total height of the profile (Rt) in the X and Y directions. Then, a Feed Forward Back Propagation Neural Network (FFBP-NN) was proposed for increasing the prediction performance of the surface roughness parameters Ra and Rt. These two models were compared with the reported ones in the literature; it was revealed that both performed better, leading to more accurate surface roughness predictions, whilst the NN model resulted in the best predictions, in particular for the Ra parameter.

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Study of the Influence of Technological Parameters on Generating Flat Part with Cylindrical Features in 3D Printing with Resin Cured by Optical Processing

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12091941 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 1941

Author(s):

Aurel Tulcan ◽

Mircea Dorin Vasilescu ◽

Liliana Tulcan

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Flat Surface ◽

Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽

3D Printer ◽

Light Control ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

Optical Processing ◽

Measuring Machine ◽

The Impact

The objective of this paper is to determine how the supporting structure in the DLP 3D printing process has influences on the characteristics of the flat and cylindrical surfaces. The part is printed by using the Light Control Digital (LCD) 3D printer technology. A Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) with contact probes is used for measuring the physical characteristics of the printed part. Two types of experiment were chosen by the authors to be made. The first part takes into consideration the influence of the density of the generated supports, at the bottom of the printed body on the characteristics of the flat surface. In parallel, it is studying the impact of support density on the dimension and quality of the surface. In the second part of the experiment, the influence of the printed supports dimension on the flatness, straightness and roundness of the printed elements were examined. It can be observed that both the numerical and dimensional optimum zones of the support structure for a prismatic element could be determined, according to two experiments carried out and the processing of the resulting data. Based on standardized data of flatness, straightness and roundness, it is possible to put in accord the values determined by measurement within the limits of standardized values.

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Impact Toughness of FRTP Composites Produced by 3D Printing

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13245654 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 5654

Author(s):

Milan Vaško ◽

Milan Sága ◽

Jaroslav Majko ◽

Alan Vaško ◽

Marián Handrik

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Mechanical Testing ◽

Impact Load ◽

Production Method ◽

Research Area ◽

New Production ◽

Manufacturing Method ◽

Continuous Fibre ◽

Research Activities ◽

The Impact

The additive manufacturing represents a new production method of composites reinforced with a continuous fibre. In recent times, the material produced by this new manufacturing method constituted a replacement for conventional materials—e.g., steel in many technical areas. As the research on FRTP composites is currently under way, the purpose of this article is to add information to the mosaic of studies in this research area. The scientific articles published until now have focused especially on mechanical testing, such as tensile and bending mechanical testing and their assessment. Therefore, the authors decided to carry out and assess the impact test of the FRTP composites produced by 3D printing because this area offers a large extent of research activities. We observed the influence of the reinforcement in the form of the micro-fibre carbon in the thermoplastic (Onyx) or a continuous reinforcement fibre in the lamina on the specimen’s behaviour during the impact load processes. The results of the experimental measurements show that the presence of a continuous fibre in the structure significantly affects the strength of the printed specimens; however, the design process of the printed object has to take into account the importance of selecting a suitable fibre type. The selection of a suitable strategy for arranging the fibre in the lamina and the direction of the impact load against the position of the fibre seem to be very important parameters.

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Ultra-High Early Strength Cementitious Grout Suitable for Additive Manufacturing Applications Fabricated by Using Graphene Oxide and Viscosity Modifying Agents

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12122900 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 2900

Author(s):

Alyaa Mohammed ◽

Nihad Tareq Khshain Al-Saadi

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

3D Printing ◽

Design Method ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cementitious Materials ◽

Fresh Properties ◽

Manufacturing Applications ◽

Mechanical Strengths ◽

The Impact

One of the considerable challenges in the design of cementitious mixtures for additive manufacturing/three-dimensional (3D) printing applications is achieving both suitable fresh properties and significant mechanical strengths. This paper presents the use of graphene oxide (GO) as a promising nano reinforcement material with the potential to improve the printing feasibility and quality of a 3D printed cementitious matrix. Additionally, in this study, a viscosity modifying agent (VMA) was employed as a chemical additive to attain the required consistency and flow. The printed mixture was fabricated using various cementitious materials and waste materials. This study investigated the impact of GO and VMA on the enhancement of the 3D printing of cementitious composites through several tests. A flow test was conducted using the flow table test. The results showed a high fluidity and practical consistency, which are essential for nozzle pumping and accurateness in printed shapes. Furthermore, the bleeding test showed minimal bleeding up to hardening, and a considerable self-cleaning ability was noted during handling when conducting examinations of fresh properties. For hardened properties, the mechanical strengths were exceptionally high, especially at early ages, which is crucial for the stability of sequence layers of printed composites. The tensile strengths were 3.77, 10.5, 13.35, and 18.83 MPa at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days, respectively, and the compressive strengths were 25.1, 68.4, 85.6, and 125.4 MPa at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days, respectively. The test results showed the effectiveness of the fabricated cementitious mixture design method for meeting the requirements for 3D concrete printing applications.

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Implementation of 3D printing and the effect on decision making in logistics management

The International Journal of Logistics Management ◽

10.1108/ijlm-01-2020-0049 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Stefan Hecker

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

3D Printing ◽

Service Providers ◽

Logistics Management ◽

Service Development ◽

Content Type ◽

Disruptive Technologies ◽

Logistics Service ◽

Service Portfolio ◽

The Impact

PurposeFrom a synthesis of literature, the purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual service development methodology showing the impact of 3D printing as a disruptive technology to the service portfolio. The methodology is designed to support practitioners and academics in better understanding the impact of disruptive technologies may have to the service portfolio and participate in the technology.Design/methodology/approachA literature review is conducted and based on these findings a conceptual framework has been developed.FindingsThe design of a methodology for the development of 3D printing services is used to evaluate the disruption potential of 3D printing and to implement the technology in the service portfolio of a logistics service provider. The disruption potential of 3D printing influences a logistics manager by make to order decisions. In addition, it could be proven the service portfolio was diversified.Research limitations/implicationsLiterature directly dealing with technology-based service development for decision making in logistics management is rare and thus the methodology is built on insights, compiled from the distinct research areas. Further research should be performed on this nascent topic.Practical implicationsLogistics service providers may use the developed methodology to revise their service portfolio by the consideration of disruptive technologies, in order to reduce strategic misdecisions regarding the range of services.Originality/valueThis paper looks specifically at decision making for implementing disruptive technologies to the service portfolio.

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