Laboratory Findings of COVID-19 Infection are Conflicting in Different Age Groups and Pregnant Women: A Literature Review

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a new type and rapidly spread viral pneumonia, is now producing an outbreak of pandemic proportions. The clinical features and laboratory results of different age groups are different due to the general susceptibility of the disease. The laboratory findings of COVID-19 in pregnant women are also conflicting. Para-clinical investigations including laboratory tests and radiologic findings play an important role in early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of severe acute respiratory syndrome and coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The majority of previous reports on the SARS-CoV-2 laboratory results were based on data from the general population and limited information is available based on age difference and pregnancy status. This review aimed to describe the COVID-19 laboratory findings in neonates, children, adults, elderly and pregnant women altogether for the first time. The most attracting and reliable markers of COVID-19 in patients were: normal C-reactive protein (CRP) and very different and conflicting laboratory results regardless of clinical symptoms in neonates, normal or temporary elevated CRP, conflicting WBC count results and procalcitonin elevation in children, lymphopenia and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in adult patients, lymphopenia and elevated CRP and LDH in the elderly people and high CRP, leukocytosis and elevated neutrophil ratio in pregnant women.

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The Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Iran: A Literature Review

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401316666200123100453 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 1015-1027

Author(s):

Mohammad Bagherniya ◽

Zahra Khorasanchi ◽

Mina S. Bidokhti ◽

Gordon A. Ferns ◽

Mitra Rezaei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Literature Review ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Age Groups ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

High Prevalence

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a common medical condition worldwide. In Iran, it has been reported that between 30-90% of people have vitamin D deficiency. However, its distribution in different parts of the country and among different age and regional groups is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the recent literature on vitamin D deficiency in Iran. Methods: The literature review was performed using Web of Science, PubMed-Medline, Scopus and Scientific Information Database (SID) with a cut-off date of November 2016 to identify articles on vitamin D status in Iran published in the last 10 years. Studies in English and Persian that reported vitamin D levels in male and female subjects of all age groups and in healthy populations were included. Results: From 325 studies that were initially retrieved, 82 articles met the inclusion criteria. A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was reported, and in some regions, this was reported as >90% and was found in all age groups and in all regions of Iran. Conclusion: This review highlights the very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iran. It will be important to recognize the importance of vitamin D deficiency as a major public health problem in Iran.

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Impact of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Pregnant Women: A Review

Coronaviruses ◽

10.2174/2666796701999201116123457 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 01 ◽

Author(s):

Saima Habeeb ◽

Manju Chugani

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Vertical Transmission ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Age Groups ◽

Well Being ◽

Fetal Outcome ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

The Impact

: The novel coronavirus infection (COVID‐19) is a global public health emergency.Since its outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019, the infection has spread at an alarming rate across the globe and humans have been locked down to their countries, cities and homes. As of now, the virus has affected over 20million people globally and has inflicted over 7 lac deaths. Nevertheless, the recovery rate is improving with each passing day and over 14 million people have recuperated so far. The statistics indicate that nobody is immune to the disease as the virus continues to spread among all age groups; newborns to the elders, and all compartmentsincluding pregnant women. However, pregnant women may be more susceptible to this infection as they are, in general, highly vulnerable to respiratory infections. There is no evidence for vertical transmission of the COVID-19 virus among pregnant women, but an increased prevalence of preterm deliveries. Besides this, the COVID-19 may alter immune response at the maternal-fetal interface and affect the well-being of mothers as well as infants. Unfortunately, there is limited evidence available in the open literature regarding coronavirus infection during pregnancy and it now appears that certain pregnant women have infected during the present 2019-nCoV pandemic. In this short communication, we study the impact of the COVID-19 infection on vertical transmission and fetal outcome among pregnant women.

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AB0747 MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOMES IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3647 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1402.1-1402

Author(s):

R. Pinheiro Torres ◽

M. H. Fernandes Lourenco ◽

A. Neto ◽

F. Pimentel Dos Santos ◽

I. Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽

Literature Review ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Systematic Literature Review ◽

English Language ◽

Placenta Previa ◽

Bibliographic Databases ◽

Fetal Outcomes ◽

Term Birth ◽

Increased Risk

Background:Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), one of the most common chronic diseases in children, can be classified in seven different categories according to its onset presentation. Concerns about pregnancy outcomes play a secondary role in disease approach. However, recent data showed an increased risk of pre-term birth in women with JIA instead the small patient samples analysed.Objectives:In this review, our aim is to describe the current available knowledge on JIA adverse, maternal and fetal, outcomes.Methods:A systematic literature review was conducted since January of 2000 until December 2020, by searching the PubMed and Embase bibliographic databases. The search was limited to articles in English language, presenting a comparator group (healthy individuals or patients without known auto-immune rheumatic diseases) and at least one clinical outcome of interest. Two independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts followed by a full-text review to assess papers regarding their eligibility.Results:Ten observational studies out of 1560 references, fulfilled the inclusion criteria, of which, 9 were retrospective and 1 prospective. A total of 6.214 women with JIA (with 6.811 pregnancies) and 18.659.513 healthy controls (with 21.339.194 pregnancies) were included in this review.Concerning maternal outcomes, delivery by caesarian section (CS) was more frequent among JIA women (in 4 out of 6 studies). Pre-eclampsia was referred in 3 out of 6 studies and a higher risk of vaginal bleeding and placenta previa in one additional study. No study found an increased risk for gestational diabetes or hypertension in pregnant women with JIA.Regarding fetal outcomes, 8 studies revealed significantly increased of pre-term birth (only in first births in one study) but one study didn’t show any increased risk. Two studies showed a higher risk of small gestational age (SGA) and in another 2, increased risk for low birth weight (LBW). No evidence of increased risk of major congenital malformations.Conclusion:This systematic review suggests an increased risk for pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, delivery by CS, SGA and LBW, among pregnant women with JIA. Conclusions should be carefully interpreted, giving the heterogeneity of studied populations regarding demography, disease type, disease activity, and prescribed medication.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Is it time to administer acellular pertussis vaccine to childbearing age/pregnant women in all areas using whole-cell pertussis vaccination schedule?

Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy ◽

10.1177/25151355211015842 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 251513552110158

Author(s):

Abdoulreza Esteghamati ◽

Shirin Sayyahfar ◽

Yousef Alimohamadi ◽

Sarvenaz Salahi ◽

Mahmood Faramarzi

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Age Groups ◽

Vaccination Schedule ◽

Immunoglobulin M ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Whole Cell ◽

Childbearing Age Women ◽

The Mean

Background: Whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine administration is still advocated for children under 7 years of age in Iran. However, there is no recommendation for the administration of a dose of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine to childbearing age/pregnant women in the Iranian vaccination program and it has increased the risk of infection through waning immunity during women’s childbearing age life. The study aimed to assess the levels of anti- Bordetella pertussis antibodies in childbearing age women of different ages in Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total number of 360 childbearing age women divided into six age groups, with 5-year intervals from 15 to 45 years old, in 2018–2019. Then, the levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against B. pertussis were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 16.0) (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.01 ± 8.35 years (range 14–45 years). All the cases were IgM negative, but two IgA-positive individuals (in the age groups of 14–19 and 30–34 years) were reported. Overall, 239 (66.4%) cases were IgG positive. The mean age of IgG-positive cases was 30.37 ± 8.37 years. The IgG-positive cases were mostly in the age groups of 30–34 and 35–39 years [43 (71.1%)]. The odds of IgG positivity were 1.97. The highest odds of IgG positivity were seen in 30–34 and 35–39 years groups (2.52) and the lowest odds were seen in the 20–24 and 25–29 years groups (1.60). Using the Jonckheere–Terpstra test, the increasing trend of IgG changes in different age groups was not statistically significant (Tπ=5.78, p = 0.09). Conclusion: The infants of women of childbearing age might be prone to pertussis in countries using the wP vaccination schedule. It is suggested to administer a dose of Tdap to women before or during pregnancy to increase the immunity of their infants against this disease during early infancy.

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Gambaran Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil : Literature Review

Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kesehatan ◽

10.48144/prosiding.v1i.699 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 464-469

Author(s):

Kiki Utari ◽

R Ratnawati

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Google Scholar ◽

Iron Intake ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Food Reserves ◽

Descriptive Method ◽

In Pregnancy

AbstractPregnant women are very susceptible to anemia due to lack of food reserves and before pregnancy they were already anemic. Pregnant women need more iron intake than before pregnancy. Problems in pregnant women are problems in pregnancy that can cause anemia. This literature review aims to determine the description of the incidence of anemia in pregnant women from various articles. This study uses a descriptive method with a literature review approach. Search articles through PubMed and Google Scholar according to keywords and then analyzed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and found 5 articles and reviewed using the Joanna Instrument (JBI). The description of the incidence of anemia in pregnant women showed anemia as many as 258 respondents (35.3%) and those who experienced anemia were not as many as 472 respondents (64.7%). In this literature review, it was concluded that most pregnant women did not experience anemia.Keywords: Anemia, Pregnant Women AbstrakIbu hamil sangat rentan mengalami anemia karena cadangan makanan kurang dan pada saat sebelum hamil sudah mengalami anemia. Ibu hamil membutuhkan asupan zat besi yang lebih banyak dibandingkan saat sebelum hamil. Permasalahan pada ibu hamil adalah masalah – masalah dalam kehamilan yang dapat menimbulkan anemia. Literatur Review ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Gambaran Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil dari berbagai artikel. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan literature review. Pencarian artikel melalui PubMed dan Google Scholar sesuai dengan kata kunci kemudian dianalisa sesuai dengan keriteria inklusi dan ekslusi dan ditemukan 5 artikel dan di review menggunakan Instrument Joanna (JBI). Gambaran kejadian Anemia pada ibu hamil didapatkan hasil anemia sebanyak 258 responden (35,3%) dan yang mengalami tidak anemia sebanyak 472 responden (64,7%). Dalam penelitian literature review ini disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar ibu hamil tidak mengalami anemia.Kata kunci : Anemia, Ibu Hamil

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Smoking during pregnancy in Finland – Trends in the MATEX cohort

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1403494818804417 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (8) ◽

pp. 890-898 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Isabell K. Rumrich ◽

Kirsi Vähäkangas ◽

Matti Viluksela ◽

Mika Gissler ◽

Heljä-Marja Surcel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Young Women ◽

Trigger Point ◽

Age Groups ◽

Smoking Behaviour ◽

Smoking Rate ◽

Female Population ◽

Smoking During Pregnancy ◽

Spatial Trends ◽

Eastern Finland

Aims: In Finland, smoking rates in the general population are decreasing due to increased awareness of the adverse effects and tightened tobacco legislation. However, previous studies have shown that smoking in pregnant Finnish women remained as high as in the general Finnish female population at around 15% in 2010. Our aim was to describe temporal and spatial trends in smoking behaviour, and determinants of changes in smoking behaviour between first and second pregnancy. Methods: Self-reported smoking from the Finnish Medical Birth Register covered the years 1991–2015 ( N=1,435,009). The association of maternal age and socioeconomic status with smoking rate was analysed. Spatial trends were assessed at municipality level. Results: The overall smoking rate during early pregnancy remained fairly stable at around 15% from 1991 to 2015, but increased in teenage and young women below 25 years of age. The mean smoking rate (36%) was higher in these age groups than in older pregnant women (11%). Through the study period the smoking rate remained higher in blue collar workers compared with higher socioeconomic groups. Between the first and second child, on average only 4% of women started to smoke and 41% quitted. Smoking rates developed less favourably in Eastern Finland. Conclusions: The observed increase in smoking rate during pregnancy in teenage and young women is concerning. Pregnancy is a trigger point for smoking cessation in a big fraction of pregnant women. More studies are needed to explain the opposite trends of smoking rates in Northern and Western Finland compared with Eastern Finland.

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Are ED-based violence intervention programmes effective in reducing revictimisation and perpetration in victims of violence? A systematic review

Emergency Medicine Journal ◽

10.1136/emermed-2019-208970 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. emermed-2019-208970

Author(s):

James Matthew Brice ◽

Adrian A Boyle

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Community Violence ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Violence Intervention ◽

Violence Perpetration ◽

Victims Of Violence ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

The Cochrane Library

ObjectivesCommunity violence bears significant human and economic costs. Furthermore, victims requiring ED treatment are at a greater risk of violent reinjury, arrest due to perpetration and violent death. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ED-based violence intervention programmes (EVIPs), which aim to reduce future violence involvement in these individuals.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature review searching MEDLINE, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science, in addition to hand-searching. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included if they enrolled victims of community violence requiring ED treatment, evaluated interventions taking place in the ED and used violent revictimisation, arrests or intermediate outcome measures as endpoints. We included trials that had a Jadad score of 2 or above.Results297 records were identified, and 13 articles were included in our final qualitative analysis, representing 10 RCTs and 9 different EVIPs. The risk of selection bias was low; the risk of performance, detection and attrition bias was moderate. 9 out of 13 papers reported statistically significant improvements in one or more outcome measures related to violence, including violent reinjury and arrests due to violence perpetration.ConclusionThe results of this literature review show that EVIPs may be capable of reducing violent reinjury and arrests due to violence perpetration. Larger RCTs, taking place in different regions, in different age groups and using different techniques, are justified to determine which conditions may be required for success and whether EVIPs are generalisable.

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Pengaruh Penyuluhan Ibu Hamil Terhadap Pemberian ASI Ekslusif

Malahayati Nursing Journal ◽

10.33024/mnj.v3i4.5016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 656-660

Author(s):

Melia Puspita Sari ◽

Febi Ratnasari

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Literature Review ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Analytical Method ◽

Infant Health ◽

Strategic Plan ◽

Health Profile ◽

Inclusion Criteria

ABSTRACT: THE EFFECT OF COUNSELING PREGNANT WOMEN ON EXCLUSIVE BREASFEEDING Background: Coverage of breastfeeding in Indonesia in 2015 was only 55.7% and when referring to the 2015 strategic plan target of 39%, nationally the scope of exclusive breastfeeding for infants aged less than 0 to 6 months has met the target. The percentage of exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged 0-6 months in Banten Province in 2016 was 61.6%, a slight increase compared to the percentage of exclusive breastfeeding in 2015 which was only 60.7%. The regency / city with the lowest percentage of exclusive breastfeeding was Pandeglang, which was 19.88%, followed by Serang City at 39.77% (Indonesian Health Profile, 2018). As a result of not providing exclusive breast milk will have an impact on infant health including the incidence of diarrhea, infection and malnutrition. Method: the analytical method used is the method of analysis of journal contents. Readable journals must be read and examined to be clear in analyzing these journals. And an analysis is made of the contents obtained from the research objectives and the results of the research. Searching this literature review through an accredited journal site namely google schoolar, PubMed and using literature from 2016-2020. Results: 67 journals were obtained using keywords and filtered again based on inclusion criteria and obtained literature results that met the requirements of 20 journals. Conclusion: Thus it can be concluded that there is an effect of counseling on pregnant women regarding the administration of colostrum breast milk. Keywords: influence of counseling, exclusive breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding INTISARI: PENGARUH PENYULUHAN IBU HAMIL TERHADAP PEMBERIAN ASI EKSLUSIF Latar Belakang: Cakupan pemberian ASI di Indonesia pada tahun 2015 hanya sebesar 55,7% dan jika mengacu pada target renstra di tahun 2015 yang sebesar 39% maka secara nasional cakupan pemberian ASI ekslusif pada bayi usia kurang dari 0 sampai 6 bulan telah memenuhi target. Presentase pemberian ASI Ekslusif pada usia bayi 0-6 bulan di Provinsi Banten pada tahun 2016 sebesar 61,6%, sedikit meningkat jika dibandingkan dengan presentase pemberian ASI ekslusif pada tahun 2015 yaitu hanya sebesar 60,7%. Kabupaten/Kota dengan presentase pemberian ASI ekslusif terendah adalah Kabupaten Pandeglang yaitu 19,88%, diikuti dengan Kota Serang sebesar 39,77%. Akibat dari tidak diberikannya asi ekslusif akan berdampak kepada kesehatan bayi antara lain angka kejadian diare, infeksi dan kekurangan gizi.Metode: metode analisis yang digunakan ialah metode analisis isi jurnal. Jurnal yang dapat dibaca harus dibaca dan dicermati supaya jelas dalam menganalisis jurnal-jurnal tersebut. Dan dibuat analisa mengenai isi yang didapat dari tujuan penelitian dan hasil penelitian tersebut. Penelusuran literatur riview ini melalui situs jurnal yang sudah terakreditasi yaitu google schoolar, PubMed dan menggunakan literatur dari tahun 2016-2020.Hasil: didaptkan 67 jurnal menggunakan kata kunci dan dan disaring lagi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan didapatkan hasil literatur yang memenuhi syarat sebanyak 20 jurnal.Kesimpulan: demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh penyuluhan terhadap ibu hamil tentang pemberian asi kolostrum. Kata kunci: pengaruh penyuluhan,asi ekslusif dan exclusive breastfeeding.

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