Neuroleptic effect in aggressive mice after the transplantation of immune cells treated in vitro with chlorpromazine

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. s221-s221
Author(s):  
E. Markova ◽  
M. Knyazheva ◽  
T. Shushpanova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocyte ◽  
T Helper 1 ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Brain

IntroductionExistence of integration, mutual relations of nervous and immune systems, which cellular elements are characterized by expressed phenotype and functional similarity, means the possibility of immune cells participation in the regulation of higher nervous activity.ObjectivesPreviously, we demonstrated the possibility of targeted regulation of animal's behavior by the transplantation of immune cells with definite functional characteristics. Based on the our previous research results in the present study, we investigated the modulating effect of the immune cells, treated in vitro with chlorpromazine on the nervous and immune systems functional activity in aggressive mice.Methods(CBA × C57Bl/6) F1 aggressive mice, exposed to 10-days chronic social stress, were undergoing the transplantation of immune cells in vitro treated with chlorpromazine. Animal's behavioral parameters, cytokines synthesis in the brain and immune cells before and after transplantation were estimated.ResultsIt was shown that aggression is associated with the increased production of spleen T-helper 1 cell-derived cytokines IL-2 and IFNγ, as well as decreased TNFα production by the spleen mononuclear phagocyte cells. These alterations were more pronounced following mitogen stimulation. Spleen cells, obtaining from aggressive mice, were treated in vitro with chlorpromazine and then injected intravenously into syngeneic aggressive recipients. The cell's transplantation led to the reduction of the recipient's motor activity in the “open field” and Porsolt swimming tests and normalized cytokines synthesis in the brain and immune cells.ConclusionResearch results demonstrated the neuroleptic effect in aggressive mice, obtained by the transplantation of immune cells treated in vitro with chlorpromazine.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Generation of Vascularized Brain Organoids to Study Neurovascular Interactions

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Ge Luo ◽  
Xin-Yao Sun ◽  
Xiang-Chun Ju ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Peng-Ming Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Neural Progenitors ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Neurovascular Interactions ◽  
The Brain

The recently developed brain organoids have been used to recapitulate the processes of brain development and related diseases. However, the lack of vasculatures, which regulate neurogenesis, brain disorders, and aging process, limits the utility of brain organoids. In this study, we induced vessel and brain organoids respectively, and then fused two types of organoids together to obtain vascularized brain organoids. The fused brain organoids were engrafted with robust vascular network-like structures, and exhibited increased number of neural progenitors, in line with the possibility that vessels regulate neural development. Fusion organoids also contained functional blood-brain-barrier (BBB)-like structures, as well as microglial cells, a specific population of immune cells in the brain. The incorporated microglia responded actively to immune stimuli to the fused brain organoids. Thus, the fusion organoids established in this study allow modeling interactions between the neuronal and non-neuronal components in vitro, in particular the vasculature and microglia niche.

scholarly journals Increased in vitro and in vivo generation of procoagulant activity (tissue factor) by mononuclear phagocytes after intralipid infusion in rabbits

Blood ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1391-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Montemurro ◽  
A Lattanzio ◽  
G Chetta ◽  
L Lupo ◽  
L Caputi-Iambrenghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocyte ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Procoagulant Activity ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Intralipid, a fat emulsion widely used in parenteral nutrition, can produce marked functional changes of the mononuclear phagocyte system. We investigated the effect of Intralipid administration on the generation of procoagulant activity by rabbit mononuclear phagocytes. Two groups of ten rabbits given either a single infusion of Intralipid 10% or a similar volume of sterile saline were studied before and after infusion. Procoagulant activity was measured on isolated blood mononuclear cells after incubation with and without endotoxin, using a one-stage clotting assay. Cells from animals infused with Intralipid produced significantly more procoagulant activity than controls (P less than .01). Results were similar when freshly collected whole blood was incubated with and without endotoxin, and procoagulant activity was measured on subsequently isolated mononuclear cells (P less than .01). In addition, when rabbits were given a single injection of endotoxin, blood and spleen mononuclear cells harvested 50 to 60 minutes after the injection from animals pretreated with Intralipid expressed five to seven times more procoagulant activity than did cells from animals pretreated with saline. In all instances, procoagulant activity was identified as tissue factor. These findings suggest that Intralipid may cause functional changes in mononuclear phagocytes, resulting in increased production of tissue factor on incubation in short-term culture in vitro and in response to endotoxin in vivo.

scholarly journals Effect of Natural Fermentation of Sorghum on Resistant Starch Molecular Structure and Fermentation Property

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
YunFei Ge ◽  
WeiHao Wang ◽  
Meng Shen ◽  
ZiYue Kang ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Percentage Content ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Before And After

Relevant research results have suggested that fermentation can increase the content of sorghum amylose chains and their retrogradation value. Therefore, this study explored the effect of fermentation pretreatment on the yield, digestibility, molecular structure, and in vitro fermentation property of sorghum-resistant starch by conducting fermentation pretreatment of sorghum and extracting the resistant starch from fermented sorghum with pressure-heat compound enzyme method. The results were as follows. After fermentation pretreatment, the yield of sorghum-resistant starch increased, the digestibility of sorghum-resistant starch reduced, the laminated structure size on the surface of the particles became more uniform, and the stacking mode became more neat and denser. The sorghum-resistant starch prepared before and after fermentation did not produce new chemical groups, and its functional group peak remained unchanged. After fermentation, the weight-average molecular weight of sorghum-resistant starch was elevated, and the percentage content of high- and low-molecular substances increased and decreased, respectively, compared with that of the unfermented sorghum-resistant starch. The percentage content of short-chain branches in the branched chain increased, whereas that of the long-chain branches decreased; the crystallinity of sorghum-resistant starch after fermentation decreased, and the intensity of X-diffraction peak changed slightly before and after fermentation. According to the results of the in vitro fermentation experiments, the fermentation broth of sorghum-resistant starch had the highest content of butyric acid and short-chain fatty acid. Research results reveal that, after fermentation pretreatment, sorghum-resistant starch presented increased yield, more complex molecular structure, heavier molecular weight and more uniform surface morphology, more efficient butyric acid generation, and greater fermentation rate than unfermented sorghum-resistant starch.

Peripherally administered CRF stimulates colonic motility via central CRF receptors and vagal pathways in conscious rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (6) ◽  
pp. R1537-R1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Tsukamoto ◽  
Yukiomi Nakade ◽  
Christopher Mantyh ◽  
Kirk Ludwig ◽  
Theodore N. Pappas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Area Postrema ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dorsal Nucleus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is one of the most important factors in the mechanism of stress-induced stimulation of colonic motility. However, it is controversial whether stress-induced stimulation of colonic motility is mediated via central or peripheral CRF receptors. We investigated the hypothesis that peripherally injected CRF accelerates colonic motility through the central CRF receptor, but not the peripheral CRF receptor. A strain gauge transducer was sutured on the serosal surface of the proximal colon. Colonic motility was monitored before and after the peripheral injection of CRF. An in vitro muscle strip study was also performed to investigate the peripheral effects of CRF. Subcutaneous injection of CRF (30–100 μg/kg) stimulated colonic motility in a dose-dependent manner. The stimulatory effect of peripherally administered CRF on colonic motility was abolished by truncal vagotomy, hexamethonium, atropine, and intracisternal injection of astressin (a CRF receptor antagonist). No responses to CRF (10−9 −10−7 M) of the muscle strips of the proximal colon were observed. These results suggest that the stimulatory effect of colonic motility in response to peripheral administration of CRF is mediated by the vagus nerve, nicotinic receptors, muscarinic receptors, and CRF receptors of the brain stem. It is concluded that peripherally administered CRF reaches the area postrema and activates the dorsal nucleus of vagi via central CRF receptors, resulting in stimulation of the vagal efferent and cholinergic transmission of the proximal colon.

scholarly journals EDITING THE BEHAVIOR OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS MODULATED IN VITRO BY IMMUNE CELLS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1S) ◽  
pp. 149-151
Author(s):  
M A Knyazheva ◽  
E V Serenko ◽  
G S Karpovich
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Hyperactive Behavior ◽  
The Brain

The aim of the study is to edit the hyperactive behavior in experiments using immunocyte transplantation using in vitro modules with neuroleptic functional activity. Materials and methods. Experimental model: male mice (CBAxC57Bl/6) F1 of three months of age with hyperactive behavior. Immune cells were treated with chlorpromazine in a test tube, injected intravenously into the recipient, in which the behavior parameters in the open field test and the cytokine content in the brain were determined by ELISA. Results. Transplantation of precision and neuroleptic components contained in recipient mice is accompanied by a decrease in the indices of research and motor components, as well as the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα cytokines in the brain.

scholarly journals A Dynamic in vitro BBB Model for the Study of Immune Cell Trafficking into the Central Nervous System

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 767-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Cucullo ◽  
Nicola Marchi ◽  
Mohammed Hossain ◽  
Damir Janigro
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Trafficking ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Immune Cell Trafficking ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
In Vitro Bbb Model ◽  
The Brain

Although there is significant evidence correlating overreacting or perhaps misguided immune cells and the blood–brain barrier (BBB) with the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases, the mechanisms by which they enter the brain are largely unknown. For this purpose, we revised our humanized dynamic in vitro BBB model (DIV-BBBr) to incorporate modified hollow fibers that now feature transmural microholes (2 to 4 μm Ø) allowing for the transendothelial trafficking of immune cells. As with the original model, this new DIV-BBBr reproduces most of the physiological characteristics of the BBB in vivo. Measurements of transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), sucrose permeability, and BBB integrity during reversible osmotic disruption with mannitol (1.6 mol/L) showed that the microholes do not hamper the formation of a tight functional barrier. The in vivo rank permeability order of sucrose, phenytoin, and diazepam was successfully reproduced in vitro. Flow cessation followed by reperfusion (Fc/Rp) in the presence of circulating monocytes caused a biphasic BBB opening paralleled by a significant increase of proinflammatory cytokines and activated matrix metalloproteinases. We also observed abluminal extravasation of monocytes but only when the BBB was breached. In conclusion, the DIV-BBBr represents the most realistic in vitro system to study the immune cell trafficking across the BBB.

scholarly journals Sex-specific retinal anomalies induced by chronic social stress in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Arsenault ◽  
AA Lavigne ◽  
S Mansouri ◽  
K Francis ◽  
TP Bittar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Retinal Activity ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Chronic Social Defeat Stress ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Brain

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common consequences of chronic stress. Still, there is currently no reliable biomarker to detect individuals at risk to develop MDD. Recently, the retina emerged as an effective way to approach the brain and investigate psychiatric disorders with the use of the electroretinogram (ERG). In this study, cones and rods ERGs were performed in male and female mice before and after chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). Mice were then divided as susceptible or resilient to stress. Significant results were only observed in rods ERGs. In males, susceptible mice showed prolonged a-wave implicit times at baseline that were shortened after CSDS. The a-wave was also decreased in both susceptible and resilient male mice after CSDS. In females, rod a-waves were shorter in susceptible than in control mice after CSDS resulting from the latter demonstrating delayed a-waves. Baseline ERGs were able to predict – to some extent – the expression of susceptibility and resilience before stress exposition in male and female mice. Overall, our findings suggest that retinal activity is a presumptive biomarker of stress response and that the ERG could potentially serve as a predicting tool of the stress response in mice.

Electron microscopic study of the membrane glycoproteins in the rat kidney after cisplatin treatment

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 912-913
Author(s):  
S.K. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Interstrand Cross Links ◽  
Cross Links

The proposed primary mechanism of action of the anticancer drug cisplatin (Cis-DDP) is through its interaction with DNA, mostly through DNA intrastrand cross-links or DNA interstrand cross-links. DNA repair mechanisms can circumvent this arrest thus permitting replication and transcription to proceed. Various membrane transport enzymes have also been demonstrated to be effected by cisplatin. Glycoprotein alkaline phosphatase was looked at in the proximal tubule cells before and after cisplatin both in vivo and in vitro for its inactivation or its removal from the membrane using light and electron microscopy.Outbred male Swiss Webster (Crl: (WI) BR) rats weighing 150-250g were given ip injections of cisplatin (7mg/kg). Animals were killed on day 3 and day 5. Thick slices (20-50.um) of kidney tissue from treated and untreated animals were fixed in 1% buffered glutaraldehyde and 1% formaldehyde (0.05 M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.3) for 30 min at 4°C. Alkaline phosphatase activity and carbohydrates were demonstrated according to methods described earlier.

Structural integrity after cold storage of human epidermal model in hypothermosol: A correlative ultrastructural and fluorescent assay

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
Henry H. Eichelberger ◽  
John G. Baust ◽  
Robert G. Van Buskirk
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Ruthenium Tetroxide ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Before And After

For research in cell differentiation and in vitro toxicology it is essential to provide a natural state of cell structure as a benchmark for interpreting results. Hypothermosol (Cryomedical Sciences, Rockville, MD) has proven useful in insuring the viability of synthetic human epidermis during cold-storage and in maintaining the epidermis’ ability to continue to differentiate following warming.Human epidermal equivalent, EpiDerm (MatTek Corporation, Ashland, MA) consisting of fully differentiated stratified human epidermal cells were grown on a microporous membrane. EpiDerm samples were fixed before and after cold-storage (4°C) for 5 days in Hypothermosol or skin culture media (MatTek Corporation) and allowed to recover for 7 days at 37°C. EpiDerm samples were fixed 1 hour in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2). A secondary fixation with 0.2% ruthenium tetroxide (Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, PA) in sodium cacodylate was carried out for 3 hours at 4°C. Other samples were similarly fixed, but with 1% Osmium tetroxide in place of ruthenium tetroxide. Samples were dehydrated through a graded acetone series, infiltrated with Spurrs resin (Polysciences Inc.) and polymerized at 70°C.

Effect of pH and inhibitors on beta-amyloid fibril assembly

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 752-753
Author(s):  
Beverly E. Maleeff ◽  
Timothy K. Hart ◽  
Stephen J. Wood ◽  
Ronald Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Amyloid Fibril ◽  
Peptide Fragment ◽  
Hydrophobic Peptides ◽  
Amyloid Fibril Formation ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer's disease is characterized post-mortem in part by abnormal extracellular neuritic plaques found in brain tissue. There appears to be a correlation between the severity of Alzheimer's dementia in vivo and the number of plaques found in particular areas of the brain. These plaques are known to be the deposition sites of fibrils of the protein β-amyloid. It is thought that if the assembly of these plaques could be inhibited, the severity of the disease would be decreased. The peptide fragment Aβ, a precursor of the p-amyloid protein, has a 40 amino acid sequence, and has been shown to be toxic to neuronal cells in culture after an aging process of several days. This toxicity corresponds to the kinetics of in vitro amyloid fibril formation. In this study, we report the biochemical and ultrastructural effects of pH and the inhibitory agent hexadecyl-N-methylpiperidinium (HMP) bromide, one of a class of ionic micellar detergents known to be capable of solubilizing hydrophobic peptides, on the in vitro assembly of the peptide fragment Aβ.

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