Production and utilization of pyrolysis oil from solidplastic wastes: A review on pyrolysis process and influence of reactors design

2022 ◽  
Vol 302 ◽  
pp. 114046
Author(s):  
Manigandan Sekar ◽  
Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy ◽  
Arivalagan Pugazhendhi ◽  
Sandro Nižetić ◽  
T.R. Praveenkumar
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Process

Thermal Characteristics of the Waste Tire Pyrolysis Process

Vestnik MEI ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Stanislav K. Popov ◽  
◽  
Vyacheslav D. Vaniushkin ◽  
Ernest A. Serilkov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Balance ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Coke Residue ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Waste Tire ◽  
Balance Structure

A significant annual growth in the number of spent car tires creates a serious environmental problem and calls for the need to continue searching for efficient resource-saving methods of their recycling. There is a growing number of efforts aimed at studying waste tire thermochemical conversion processes, including their pyrolysis to obtain valuable products, including a solid fraction (coke residue), liquid hydrocarbon fraction (pyrolysis oil), and noncondensable gaseous fraction (pyrolysis gas). Commercial and pilot pyrolysis plants and reactors are reviewed. A rotating drum reactor, shaft and screw reactors are the most promising solutions for implementing a continuous process. The development of new resource-saving solutions for the pyrolysis of waste tire requires knowledge of the thermal characteristics of this process, including information on the material and heat flows in the pyrolysis reactor. The composition and thermal properties of waste tire, as well as specific outputs, composition and fuel properties of pyrolysis product material flows, including pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and coke residue, are presented. Information on the pyrolysis plant or reactor heat balance structure is either absent or incomplete. Based on the data available in the literature, the heat balance of a commercial pyrolysis plant equipped with screw reactors characterized by a specific thermal destruction heat of 0.640 MJ/(kg of tires) is drawn up and studied. The numerical analysis results correlate with the data published for the commercial-grade plant. Information on the pyrolysis chamber heat balance structure is correct enough for use in engineering practice. It has been found that the specific heat consumption for the pyrolysis process is 2.269 MJ/(kg of tires). This value can be used in numerically analyzing pyrolysis plants equipped with other designs of pyrolysis reactors.

scholarly journals Opportunities regarding the use of technologies of energy recovery from sewage sludge

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca Maria Zaharioiu ◽  
Felicia Bucura ◽  
Roxana Elena Ionete ◽  
Florian Marin ◽  
Marius Constantinescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
List Type ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Bio Oil

Abstract Based on the global need to efficiently eliminate highly produced amounts of sewage sludge, alternative technologies are required to be practically developed. Reduction of sewage sludge waste quantities with energy recovery is the most important and modern practice, with least possible impact on the environment. Appropriate technologies for treating and disposal sewage sludge are currently considered: incineration, gasification and pyrolysis. The main products generated during the pyrolysis process are bio-gas, bio-oil and bio-residue, providing sustainable fuels/ biofuels and adsorbents. Compared to other disposal methods of sewage sludge, pyrolysis has advantages in terms of the environment: waste in small quantities, low emissions, low level of heavy metals. From a technological point of view, pyrolysis is the most efficient in relation to its final products, pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas and solid residue that can be transformed into CO2 adsorbent with the help of chemical and thermal activation processes. The incineration process of sewage sludge has a number of disadvantages both environmentally and technologically: organic pollutants, heavy metals, toxic pollutants and ash resulting from combustion that needs a disposal process. A comparison of different types of sewage sludge elimination for the energy recovery is described in the present paper. Article Highlights Sewage sludge is a waste in increasing quantities, which requires disposal and energy recovery, in a clean way for the environment. The pyrolysis process of sewage sludge is the cleanest method of its recovery. Pyrolysis products, bio-oil, syngas and biochar, can be used as alternative fuels to fossil fuels. The pyrolysis process of the sewage sludge is the most advantageous from the point of view of the obtained products and of the environment, in comparison with the incineration and gasification processes.

scholarly journals Co-pyrolysis of rubberwood sawdust (RWS) and polypropylene (PP) in a fixed bed pyrolyzer

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4636-4647 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Izzatie ◽  
M. H. Basha ◽  
Y. Uemura ◽  
M. S. M. Hashim ◽  
M. Afendi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Different Temperatures

Co-pyrolysis of rubberwood sawdust (RWS) waste and polypropylene (PP) was carried out at different temperatures (450,500,550, and 600°C) with biomass to plastics ratio 1:1 by using fixed bed drop-type pyrolyzer. The yield of pyrolysis oil has an increasing trend as the temperature increased from 450°C to 550°C. However, the pyrolysis oil yield dropped at a temperature of 600°C. Co-pyrolysis of RWS and PP generated maximum pyrolysis oil with 36.47 wt.% at 550°C. The result is compared with the pyrolysis of RWS only without plastics, with the same feedstock, and the maximum pyrolysis oil yield obtained was 33.3 wt.%. The water content in pyrolysis oil of co-pyrolysis RWS with PP is lower than RWS only with 54.2 wt.% and 62 wt.% respectively. Hydrocarbons, acyclic olefin, alkyl, and aromatic groups are the major compound in the pyrolysis oil from the co-pyrolysis process. Carbon monoxide (52.2 vol.%) and carbon dioxide (38.2 vol.%) are the major gas components.

Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Distilling Fractions from Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis Oil

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 1217-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Min Ji ◽  
Shu Mei Yang ◽  
Ying Gao ◽  
Shu Ran Wan ◽  
Hong Ya Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Feasible Method ◽  
Pyrolysis Liquid

Pyrolysis is one of promising disposal outlets for sewage sludge. The behavior of heavy metal ions is always paid attended to in the solid sludge and char during sludge pyrolysis process. Here, the distribution of metals in the pyrolysis liquid and its distilling products was analyzed. It was found that the high content of Al and Ca do not appear in the pyrolysis oil and only about 10% of total metals come into the liquid during sludge pyrolysis. Through comparing of the metal content of pyrolysis oil and its process products, it is inferred that distillation is a feasible method for desalt from pyrolysis oil. During distillation, most metals are enriched in the residue. The pyrolysis oil and its products must be desalted deeply if they want to use in engine.

scholarly journals Combustion of Plastic Pyrolysis Oil in Steam-Atomizing Burner and Its Application for Pyrolysis Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1488-1492
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Atmospheric Condition ◽  
Steam Pressure ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Process

In recent years, there has been growing interest in alternative energy sources to fossil fuels. One of them is plastic pyrolysis oil (ppo) that converted from plastic waste by the pyrolysis process. The oil could be used as a fuel for combustion process in some industries. The performance of ppo combustion in steam-atomizing burner was investigated to determine the feasibility of diesel oil displacing in pyrolysis process heating. A prototype steam-atomizing burner was installed to burn plastic pyrolysis oil, with variable 3, 6, and 9 bar steam pressure, to pyrolyze 10 kg/batch low density polyethylene (LDPE) waste in a batch reactor. The pyrolysis process was maintained at 3500C along 2 hours at atmospheric condition. The flame temperature, the length of flame, fuel consumption, heating rate, and pyrolysis yield was observed along the process. The experiment shows that the increase of steam pressure will increase all parameters. The most optimum condition is plastic pyrolysis oil combustion using steam-atomizing burner at 9 bar steam pressure, which consumes 28 litre of fuel and yields 57% of pyrolysis oil.

Transforming Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Into Fuel via the Gasification/Pyrolysis Process

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eilhann Kwon ◽  
Kelly J. Westby ◽  
Marco J. Castaldi
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Drop Tube ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Syngas Production

Municipal solid waste (MSW) gasification/pyrolysis enhancement using CO2 as gasification medium has been studied to understand the performance under various reaction conditions. MSW gasification/pyrolysis has been characterized thermo-gravimetrically under various atmospheres covering the gasification/pyrolysis process, which has been used as a basis for scale-up experimental work using a flow-through reactor (FTR) and drop tube reactor (DTR) (0.5 g/min of sample, 4–5 sec residence time, 500°C-1000°C). For example, FTR has been used to carry out the fast pyrolysis process having a nominal heating rate of 800°C/min. Oils produced from the FTR have been condensed and analyzed with GC/MS. Among identified chemical species in the pyrolysis sample, the 10 most abundant compounds (benzene, toluene, styrene, limonene, 2,3-dimethyl-1-heptene, benzoic acid, ethylbenzene, indole, xylene, and d-allose) in the pyrolysis oil sample were determined and quantified. These 10 abundant chemical species are substantially reduced in the presence of CO2. This leads to a substantial increase of C1–5 hydrocarbons in gaseous (non-condensable) products and a reduction of pyrolysis oil (∼20%) as well. In addition, MSW samples have been tested in the DTR at a temperature range from 500°C and 1000°C under various atmospheres with CO2 concentrations of 0% and 30%. The release of all chemical species from the DTR was determined using μ-GC. For example, CO (∼30%), H2 (∼25%), and CH4 (∼10%) under the presence of CO2 were generated and introducing CO2 into the gasification process substantially enhanced syngas production. Finally, steam gasification using different ratios of biomass to polyethylene has been explored to better understand the enhanced steam gasification of MSW that is mostly composed of biomass and polymer. Overall thermal degradation trend is the similar, but steam gasification of MSW needs a relatively long residence time and high temperature as compared to biomass.

scholarly journals Effect of Variations in Pyrolysis Reactor With Glass Wool Equipped and Without Glass Wool on the Weight of the Oil Produced

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
IGN Nitya Santhiarsa
Keyword(s):  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Reactor Core ◽  
Glass Wool ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Day By Day

Currently, plastic waste is a very serious threat because plastic waste pollution can harm all living things around and also harm the environment. The increasing volume of plastic waste is due to the lack of processing technology, so that the volume of plastic waste is increasing day by day. Plastic is a material that is difficult to decompose because it is non-biodegradable. One application of plastic waste processing technology offered in this study is to use the pyrolysis principle. Pyrolysis is a method of converting plastic into fuel oil through a thermal decomposition process without the use of oxygen. The pyrolysis process used with a variety of reactors equipped with glass wool and reactor variations without glass wool. The purpose of this study was to compare the yield of pyrolysis oil with a variety of reactors equipped with glass wool and reactors without glass wool. The plastic used is OPP (oriented polypropylene), with a constant reactor heating temperature of 200° C. The pyrolysis process is carried out for 1 hour each test, and the condenser cooling temperature is 28° C. Based on the results of the research, the reactor variation with glass wool got the highest oil weight of 175 grf, while the reactor variation without glass wool got the lowest oil weight of 17 grf. With a variety of reactors equipped with glass wool, the heat generated is more concentrated into the reactor core, resulting in higher oil weight and a more efficient pyrolysis process.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis oil production from polypropylene plastic waste using molybdenum modified alumina-silica catalysts

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Sasiradee Jantasee ◽  
Natacha Phetyim ◽  
Komm Petchinthorn ◽  
Tunyahpat Thanupongmanee ◽  
Nuntiporn Sripirom
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Modified Alumina ◽  
Lower Temperature

The production of pyrolysis oil from polypropylene plastic waste was examined over molybdenum modified alumina-silica catalysts (Mo/Al-Si). The reactions were carried out with 1 L of batch reactor under atmospheric pressure at 430 °C. The pyrolysis oil yield was in the order, 10% Mo/Al-Si > 5% Mo/Al-Si > the absence of catalyst. The 10% Mo/Al-Si was highest activity due to the stronger acidity facilitating the pyrolysis reaction. It accelerated the reaction to produce the pyrolysis oil at lower temperature. Comparison of the pyrolysis oil properties to the standards of the diesel fuel from Thai Department of Energy Business shows that the color and the distillation were within standards. Moreover, the results reveal that the kind of raw material affected the product yield of pyrolysis process.

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