scholarly journals Easy to build cost-effective acute brain slice incubation system for parallel analysis of multiple treatment conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 109405
Author(s):  
Sabrina Hupp ◽  
Nikola Stefanov Tomov ◽  
Carolin Bischoff ◽  
Dario Baronti ◽  
Asparouh I. Iliev
Keyword(s):  
Brain Slice ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Parallel Analysis ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Incubation System ◽  
Treatment Conditions

Control of Thumb-Sucking in a Classroom

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1076-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis J. Nwachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Aversive Stimulus ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Experimental Phase ◽  
Class Session ◽  
School Girl ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Thumb Sucking ◽  
Baseline Conditions

By the application of cognitive technique, aversive stimulus and positive nonverbal reinforcement, an attempt was made to control thumb-sucking behavior of a school girl in a Grade 4 classroom. During the first baseline period, thumb-sucking occurred on the average 63% a class-session but decreased on an average of 12% after treatment. With reinstatement of baseline conditions, it rose to an average of 54%, but after second experimental phase decreased to a mean of 5.1%. No recurrence appeared during the last days. Use of multiple treatment conditions limited interpretations.

scholarly journals Study on functional outcome of distal radius intra-articular fractures managed by ligamentotaxis: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1094
Author(s):  
Karu Shanmuga Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Articular Fractures ◽  
Study Population

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Fractures of the distal radius continue to be the one of the most common skeletal injuries treated by an orthopaedic surgeon. They are the most common fractures of the upper extremity and account for 15-20% of all fractures. All intra articular fractures need good reduction for better functional outcome. There are multiple treatment methods from casting to arthroscopic surgeries. This study has been undertaken to study the functional outcomes of distal radius intra-articular fractures managed by ligamentotaxis. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the functional outcomes of distal radial intra-articular fractures treated by ligamentotaxis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross sectional study was conducted in Orthopaedic department of Kilpauk Medical College between April 2017 to April 2019 on 60 patients with fracture of the distal end of radius, with comminuted fracture, who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. All fractures were managed by ligamentotaxis and were followed regularly and assessed after four months for their functional outcomes.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 80% of the study population were males. Around 67% of the study population had type III or type IV fracture according to Frykman’s classification. 84% of the study population had better prognosis with ligamentotaxis. The difference between mean Mayo wrist score between affected side and normal side was not statistically significant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Ligamentotaxis, external fixation for comminuted intra articular distal radius fractures is safe and effective treatment. It is also cost effective.</p>

scholarly journals 1-Methylcyclopropene Optimal Concentration and Treatment Conditions for Extending Storage Life of Strawberries

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Mirjana Žabić ◽  
Boris Pašalić ◽  
Borut Bosančić
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
Total Anthocyanins

Given that strawberries are very short-lived and easily perishable, extending their shelf life would be very cost effective. Strawberries of the Arosa cultivar were treated with various concentrations of 1-methyl­cyclopropene (0.050, 0.100, 0.500 ppm) in order to determine the optimal concentration for extending their storage life. Two different treatment conditions were used: treatment for 2 h at 20°C and treatment for 20h at 4°C. Total phenols content, total anthocyanins, total soluble solids, fruit firmness, titratable acidity, pH and weght loss were monitored for 11 days of storage in the cold room at 3oC. The best results were achieved by treatment with 0.1 ppm 1-methylcyclopropene for 2 h at 20°C.

scholarly journals rAAV-based brain slice culture models of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease inclusion pathologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara L. Croft ◽  
Pedro E. Cruz ◽  
Daniel H. Ryu ◽  
Carolina Ceballos-Diaz ◽  
Kevin H. Strang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Transgene Expression ◽  
Brain Slice ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Slice Culture

It has been challenging to produce ex vivo models of the inclusion pathologies that are hallmark pathologies of many neurodegenerative diseases. Using three-dimensional mouse brain slice cultures (BSCs), we have developed a paradigm that rapidly and robustly recapitulates mature neurofibrillary inclusion and Lewy body formation found in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, respectively. This was achieved by transducing the BSCs with recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) that express α-synuclein or variants of tau. Notably, the tauopathy BSC model enables screening of small molecule therapeutics and tracking of neurodegeneration. More generally, the rAAV BSC “toolkit” enables efficient transduction and transgene expression from neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, alone or in combination, with transgene expression lasting for many months. These rAAV-based BSC models provide a cost-effective and facile alternative to in vivo studies, and in the future can become a widely adopted methodology to explore physiological and pathological mechanisms related to brain function and dysfunction.

Burrow fumigation versus trapping for pocket gopher (Thomomys spp.) management: a comparison of efficacy and cost effectiveness

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A. Baldwin ◽  
Ryan Meinerz ◽  
Steve B. Orloff
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Pocket Gopher ◽  
Aluminum Phosphide ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Pocket Gophers ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Treatment Type

Context Pocket gophers (Geomyidae) cause extensive damage to many crops throughout western North America. A variety of methods are available to manage these populations, but data are often lacking on their efficacy and especially their cost effectiveness. Additionally, little peer-reviewed data are available that compare multiple methods simultaneously. Aims We tested aluminum phosphide and pressurised exhaust using the Pressurised Exhaust Rodent Controller (PERC) as burrow fumigants, and compared them to trapping to determine which approach was most efficacious and cost effective. Methods We assessed the efficacy of aluminum phosphide, the PERC machine, and trapping through the use of the open-hole monitoring method after single and multiple treatments over multiple years. We determined material and labour costs for each treatment type and amortised this cost over 1250 days of application to determine which treatment type was most cost effective. Key results Aluminum phosphide had the shortest time for application, but we were able to make far more applications per day using the PERC machine, given our ability to treat multiple burrow systems at once with this machine. Trapping and aluminum phosphide were more efficacious than was the PERC machine. When costs were amortised over time, trapping was the most cost-effective approach even with longer application times, given high efficacy. Multiple treatment applications were needed to maximise the efficacy of management programs. Conclusions For small-scale management efforts, aluminum phosphide was a cost-effective and efficacious option. For a greater number of treatments, trapping was the most successful and cost effective. However, a modest increase in efficacy could make the PERC machine a preferred tool as well. We also stress that regardless of the management approach, multiple treatment applications will generally be needed to manage pocket gopher populations. Implications The present study provides growers with information needed to determine efficient and cost-effective methods for managing pocket gophers. This information can be used to craft an integrated pest-management approach to manage damaging pocket gopher populations.

scholarly journals Oil Palm’s Empty Fruit Bunch as a Sorbent Material in Filter System for Oil-Spill Clean Up

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini Puasa ◽  
Siti Aqlima Ahmad ◽  
Nur Nadhirah Zakaria ◽  
Khalilah Abdul Khalil ◽  
Siti Hajar Taufik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Values

Oil pollution such as diesel poses a significant threat to the environment. Due to this, there is increasing interest in using natural materials mainly from agricultural waste as organic oil spill sorbents. Oil palm’s empty fruit bunch (EFB), a cost-effective material, non-toxic, renewable resource, and abundantly available in Malaysia, contains cellulosic materials that have been proven to show a good result in pollution treatment. This study evaluated the optimum screening part of EFB that efficiently absorbs oil and the physicochemical characterisation of untreated and treated EFB fibre using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The treatment conditions were optimised using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT), which identified optimal treatment conditions of 170 °C, 20 min, 0.1 g/cm3, and 10% diesel, resulting in 23 mL of oil absorbed. The predicted model was highly significant in statistical Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and confirmed that all the parameters (temperature, time, packing density, and diesel concentration) significantly influenced the oil absorbed. The predicted values in RSM were 175 °C, 22.5 min, 0.095 g/cm3, and 10%, which resulted in 24 mL of oil absorbed. Using the experimental values generated by RSM, 175 °C, 22.5 min, 0.095 g/cm3, and 10%, the highest oil absorption achieved was 24.33 mL. This study provides further evidence, as the data suggested that RSM provided a better approach to obtain a high efficiency of oil absorbed.

The application of electron microscopy to diagnosis in gynecologic neoplasms and tumor-like conditions

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ultrastructural Examination ◽  
Specific Diagnosis ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Gynecologic Neoplasms

The female reproductive tract may be the site of a wide variety of benign and malignant tumors, as well as non-neoplastic tumor-like conditions, most of which can be diagnosed by light microscopic examination including special stains and more recently immunoperoxidase techniques. Nevertheless there are situations where ultrastructural examination can contribute substantially to an accurate and specific diagnosis. It is my opinion that electron microscopy can be of greatest benefit and is most cost effective when applied in conjunction with other methodologies. Thus, I have developed an approach which has proved useful for me and may have benefit for others. In cases where it is deemed of potential value, glutaraldehyde-fixed material is obtained at the time of frozen section or otherwise at operation. Coordination with the gynecologic oncologist is required in the latter situation. This material is processed and blocked and is available if a future need arises.

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