Biomass bottom ash waste and by-products of the acetylene industry as raw materials for unfired bricks

A new ceramic product is introduced by mixing caustic magnesia, produced in the laboratory from pure, high quality magnesite, and natural silt. Bottom ash and red mud, two well known environmentally hazardous industrial by-products, were also added in the mixture. After testing various recipes we concluded that addition of 5% caustic magnesia in the ceramic product greatly enhances its performance. Increase bonding of the ceramic microstructure is attributed to the formation of periclase necks, the concurrent formation of small quantities of amorphous material and the homogeneously distributed pores during the experimental firing of the mixture. Combined X-ray Diffractometry and Scanning Electron Microscopy of the ceramic product revealed the occurrence of unreactive phases, inherited by the raw materials, as well as newly-formed albite and magnesioferrite. Our results show that utilization of by-products may be important and environmental friendly materials in producing low cost ceramic building materials.

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Porous Materials Derived from Industrial By-Products for Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Capture

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10228086 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (22) ◽

pp. 8086

Author(s):

Antonella Cornelio ◽

Alessandra Zanoletti ◽

Stefania Federici ◽

Laura Eleonora Depero ◽

Elza Bontempi

Keyword(s):

Porous Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Waste Incineration ◽

Original Material ◽

Limited Applicability ◽

Materials Used ◽

By Products

The aim of this paper was the evaluation of hybrid porous materials, named SUNSPACE (“SUstaiNable materials Synthesized from by-Products and Alginates for Clean air and better Environment”), realized with raw materials such as silica fume (SUNSPACE SF) and bottom ash derived from municipal solid waste incineration (SUNSPACE BA), compared to cement and leaf for particulate matter (PM) entrapment. SUNSPACE BA was synthesized to overcome the limited applicability of the original material due to its dark grey color. The modification of raw materials used for its realization allows one to obtain a light color in comparison to the corresponding SUNSPACE SF, more suitable to be used as a coating on the buildings’ facades for aesthetic reasons. Moreover, another great advantage was obtained by the synthesis of SUNSPACE BA in the frame of circular economy principles; indeed, it was obtained by using a waste material (derived from waste incineration), opening new possibilities for its reuse. Experimental tests to evaluate the particles entrapment capability of the material were realized for the first time by using a nanoparticles generator. TiO2 suspension with a size of 300 nm and a concentration of 3 g/L was used to simulate a monodisperse nanoparticles flux. To compare the quantity of TiO2 adsorbed by each specimen, both the exposed and the pristine samples were digested and then analyzed by total X-ray fluorescence (TXRF). The results showed a high adsorption capacity of SUNSPACE BA (3526 ± 30 mg/kg).

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Radiometric measurement of lignite coal and its by-products and assessment of the usability of fly ash as raw materials in Turkey

Radiochimica Acta ◽

10.1515/ract-2017-2863 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 106 (7) ◽

pp. 611-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Şeref Turhan ◽

Elif Gören ◽

Ahmed M.K. Garad ◽

Aydan Altıkulaç ◽

Aslı Kurnaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Chemical Components ◽

The Public ◽

Activity Concentrations ◽

Lignite Coal ◽

Major Chemical ◽

By Products

Abstract Lignite coal (LC) is a key energy source for electricity generation in Turkey. During lignite burning, huge amounts of fly ash (FA), bottom ash and slag are produced as by-products which contain radionuclides in the natural radioactive series of uranium and thorium, and radioactive potassium. These radionuclides may lead to radiological exposure of workers and the public and cause environmental problems. Therefore, finding diverse uses for the by-products in the construction sector and earthwork applications has considerable economic and environmental importance. In this study, the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in and radon emanating power (EP) and radon mass exhalation rate (EXRM) from LC, slag and FA obtained from the Kangal lignite-burning power plant with a power of 457 MWe were measured using gamma-ray spectroscopy. The major chemical components (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO and MgO) of fly ash samples were analysed using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The annual effective doses received by workers and members of the public were estimated using different scenarios specified in Radiation protection 122. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in LC, slag and FA samples were 187±21, 16±1 and 99±9 Bq kg−1, 620±18, 41±2 and 330±13 Bq kg−1, and 937±30, 38±2 and 272±17 Bq kg−1, respectively. The average values of EP and EXRM of the lignite, slag and FA samples were 8 %, 7 % and 10 %, and 0.1, 0.3 and 0.7 Bq kg−1 h−1, respectively. The highest average of the total annual effective dose is estimated at 153 μSv for members of the public and 74 μSv for workers, lower than the recommended annual limit of 1000 μSv.

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Evaluation of Physical, Chemical, and Environmental Properties of Biomass Bottom Ash for Use as a Filler in Bituminous Mixtures

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4119

Author(s):

Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽

Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽

Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino ◽

Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Road Construction ◽

Raw Material ◽

Biomass Combustion ◽

Limestone Filler ◽

The Road ◽

Bituminous Mixtures ◽

Environmental Properties ◽

By Products

The road construction sector is one of the most raw material-intensive sectors in existence. As a result, it has a significant impact on the environment. For this reason, there are several research projects in which industrial by-products are used as raw materials. In turn, energy production from biomass combustion is considered to be one of the most promising energy sources. However, this type of energy produces a number of wastes that need to be treated, such as biomass bottom ash. This research evaluates the properties of biomass bottom ash for use as a filler in bituminous mixtures and quantifies the environmental advantages of its use. For this purpose, the chemical composition of the ashes was analysed and their properties were physically characterised to confirm their suitability as a filler. Subsequently, the advantages of its processing compared to limestone filler, lime, or cement were calculated with SimaPro software. The results showed acceptable properties of biomass bottom ash for use as a filler, as well as a drastic reduction in the environmental impact of its processing. In short, this research presents the basis for the development of further bituminous mixtures with biomass bottom ash, reducing the extraction of raw materials and avoiding landfill disposal.

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Wine By-Products as Raw Materials for the Production of Biopolymers and of Natural Reinforcing Fillers: A Critical Review

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13030381 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 381

Author(s):

Alessandro Nanni ◽

Mariafederica Parisi ◽

Martino Colonna

Keyword(s):

Critical Review ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Green Revolution ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Butylene Succinate ◽

Reinforcing Fillers ◽

Plastic Industry ◽

Review Reports ◽

By Products

The plastic industry is today facing a green revolution; however, biopolymers, produced in low amounts, expensive, and food competitive do not represent an efficient solution. The use of wine waste as second-generation feedstock for the synthesis of polymer building blocks or as reinforcing fillers could represent a solution to reduce biopolymer costs and to boost the biopolymer presence in the market. The present critical review reports the state of the art of the scientific studies concerning the use of wine by-products as substrate for the synthesis of polymer building blocks and as reinforcing fillers for polymers. The review has been mainly focused on the most used bio-based and biodegradable polymers present in the market (i.e., poly(lactic acid), poly(butylene succinate), and poly(hydroxyalkanoates)). The results present in the literature have been reviewed and elaborated in order to suggest new possibilities of development based on the chemical and physical characteristics of wine by-products.

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Anti-Fatigue Effect of a Dietary Supplement from the Fermented By-Products of Taiwan Tilapia Aquatic Waste and Monostroma nitidum Oligosaccharide Complex

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051688 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1688

Author(s):

Ying-Ju Chen ◽

Chun-Yen Kuo ◽

Zwe-Ling Kong ◽

Chin-Ying Lai ◽

Guan-Wen Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Supplement ◽

Exercise Performance ◽

Physical Training ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Fatigue Effect ◽

Monostroma Nitidum ◽

By Products

The Taiwan Tilapia is an important aquaculture product in Taiwan. The aquatic by-products generated during Tilapia processing, such as fish bones and skin, are rich in minerals and protein. We aimed to explore the effect of a dietary supplement, comprising a mixture of fermented Tilapia by-products and Monostroma nitidum oligosaccharides as the raw materials, combined with physical training on exercise performance and fatigue. We used a mouse model that displays a phenotype of accelerated aging. Male senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) mice were divided into two control groups—with or without physical training—and supplemented with different doses (0.5 times: 412 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day; 1 time: 824 mg/kg BW/day; 2 times: 1648 mg/kg BW/day) of fermented Tilapia by-products and Monostroma nitidum oligosaccharide-containing mixture and combined with exercise training groups. Exercise performance was determined by testing forelimb grip strength and with a weight-bearing exhaustive swimming test. Animals were sacrificed to collect physical fatigue-related biomarkers. Mice dosed at 824 or 1648 mg/kg BW/day showed improvement in their exercise performance (p < 0.05). In terms of biochemical fatigue indicators, supplementation of 824 or 1648 mg/kg BW/day doses of test substances could effectively reduce blood urea nitrogen concentration and lactate concentration and increase the lactate ratio (p < 0.05) and liver glycogen content post-exercise (p < 0.05). Based on the above results, the combination of physical training and consumption of a dietary supplementation mixture of fermented Tilapia by-products and Monostroma nitidum oligosaccharides could improve the exercise performance of mice and help achieve an anti-fatigue effect.

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Study of the Incorporation of Biomass Bottom Ash as a Filler for Discontinuous Grading Bituminous Mixtures with Bitumen Emulsion

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083334 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3334

Author(s):

Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽

Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽

Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino ◽

Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Waste Biomass ◽

Bituminous Mixtures ◽

Bitumen Emulsion ◽

Main Disadvantage ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Energy consumption, because of population development, is progressively increasing. For this reason, new sources of energy are being developed, such as that produced from the combustion of biomass. However, this type of renewable energy has one main disadvantage, the production of waste. Biomass bottom ash is a residue of this industry that currently has not much use. For this reason, this research evaluates its use as a filler in bituminous mixtures, since this sector also has a significant impact on the environment, as it requires large quantities of raw materials. With this objective, first, the physical and chemical properties of biomass bottom ashes were evaluated, verifying their characteristics for their use as filler. Subsequently, bituminous mixtures were conformed with biomass bottom ash as filler, and their physical and mechanical properties were analyzed through particle loss and Marshall tests. The results of these tests were compared with those obtained with the same type of mixture but with conventional and ophite aggregates. This study confirmed that biomass bottom ash was viable for use as a filler, creating mixtures with a higher percentage of bitumen, better mechanical behavior, and similar physical properties. In short, more sustainable material for roads was obtained with waste currently condemned to landfill.

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Optimization of Inexpensive Agricultural By-Products as Raw Materials for Bacitracin Production in Bacillus licheniformis DW2

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s12010-017-2489-1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 183 (4) ◽

pp. 1146-1157 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Qin Wang ◽

Hui Zheng ◽

Xia Wan ◽

Hongfeng Huang ◽

Junhui Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Licheniformis ◽

Raw Materials ◽

By Products

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Utilization of Porcelain Tile Polishing Residue

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.410.699 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 410 ◽

pp. 699-703

Author(s):

Valeriya È. Shvarczkopf ◽

Irina A. Pavlova ◽

Elena P. Farafontova

Keyword(s):

Glassy Phase ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Foam Glass ◽

Mixture Preparation ◽

Cleaning Equipment ◽

Oil Paints ◽

Roofing Materials ◽

Sodium Feldspar ◽

By Products ◽

Porcelain Tile

The research focuses on the properties of by-products formed in the production of porcelain stoneware: polishing residue and residue of the mixture-preparation shop. The polishing residue consists of glassy phase (80%), quartz (14%), mullite (5%). Residue of the mixture-preparation shop consists of quartz (~ 18%), muscovite (~ 6.9%), kaolinite (~ 20.5%), calcium-sodium feldspar (~ 51.4%), diopside (~ 2.98%). Polishing residue occurs when polishing porcelain stoneware to create a glossy surface and when polishing the side faces of porcelain stoneware to obtain accurate tile geometry. The particle size of the polishing residue is less than 0.2 mm, and the residue of the mixture-preparation shop is less than 40 microns. Residue of the mixture-preparation shop is formed when cleaning equipment: mills, mixers, slipways, etc. The ways of utilization of by-product are follows: as a filler for the silicate production; for polymer-cement, water-dispersion and oil paints; as a filler for the production of roofing materials, bituminous roofing mastics based on organic binders; raw materials for the production of foam glass materials and products.

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Natural Polymers for Biodegradable Dressings to Save the Environment

International Journal of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine ◽

10.33140/ijnn.06.02.01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Renewable Resources ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Current System ◽

Future Generations ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

Surgical Masks ◽

By Products ◽

Global Water

The current fashion system uses high volumes of non-renewable resources to produce clothes, being responsible for 10% of the global greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere every year and 20%of the global water wasted. At the same time people are buying 60%more clothing than 15 Years ago, which going in the landfills, causes 92 million tons of waste each year. This waste has been further increased by the surgical masks used for COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, a new way of designing and producing clothing needs to be incorporated into the current system to facilitate its recycling making it more circular. New tissues, therefore, are proposed made by natural polysaccharides, embedded by micro- Nano capsules of chitin Nano fibrils and Nano lignin all obtained as by- products from food and forestry waste respectively. Thus, pollution and waste will be reduced and the natural raw materials will be maintained for the future generations.

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