Dietary deficiency or enrichment of essential fatty acids modulates tumorigenesis in the whole body of cobalt-60-irradiated mice

1997 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Eynard ◽  
T. Manzur ◽  
A. Moyano ◽  
P. Quiroga ◽  
S. Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Dietary Deficiency

scholarly journals Nutritional components of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morakot Sroyraya ◽  
Peter J. Hanna ◽  
Tanapan Siangcham ◽  
Ruchanok Tinikul ◽  
Prapaporn Jattujan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

Background: Holothuria scabra is one of the most commercially important species found in the Pacific region. The sea cucumber extracts have been widely reported to have beneficial health effects. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional compositions of H. scabra, and compare its important nutritional contents with that of other species.Methods: The sea cucumbers were dissected, sliced into small pieces, and then freeze-dried. The nutritional compositions, including proximate composition, amino acids, fatty acids, collagen, GABA, Vitamin A, C, and E of the whole body and body wall of H. scabra, were analyzed.Results: H. scabra contained a high quantity of protein (22.50% in whole body and 55.18% in body wall) and very low lipids (1.55% in whole body and 1.02% in body wall). The three most abundant amino acids found in both the whole body and body wall were glycine, glutamic acid, and proline. The main fatty acids found in the whole body were stearic acid and nervonic acid, and in the body wall were arachidonic acid and stearic acid. The whole body and body wall also contained high levels of essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, and collagen, in addition to moderate amounts of vitamin E and low amounts of GABA and vitamin C.Conclusions: The sea cucumber, H. scabra, contained high quantity of protein and very low lipid. It contained high essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, nervonic and arachidonic acids, and collagen, which also contained GABA, vitamin C, and vitamin E.Keywords: sea cucumber; Holothuria scabra; nutrition components; functional food            

Triacylglycerol: an important pool of essential fatty acids during early postnatal development in rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (1) ◽  
pp. R8-R13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Cunnane ◽  
Z. Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Early Postnatal Development ◽  
Major Organ ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Developmental changes in the content and composition of major organ lipid pools are not well known. Our objective was to assess quantitatively the changes in lipids, particularly those containing long-chain fatty acids, in the placenta and the brain, liver, and carcass of the fetal and suckling rat. Pregnant dams were killed at days 15, 18, and 21 (term) of pregnancy and the placentas and fetuses removed and analyzed; suckling rats were killed at days +3, +6, and +9 of lactation. Whereas the long-chain fatty acid content of the phospholipids (mg/g) of the fetal or suckling rat remained relatively constant from day 18 of pregnancy to day +9 of lactation, long-chain fatty acids in triacylglycerols increased from prenatal values by 10- to 12-fold during the first 9 postnatal days. Prenatally, triacylglycerol accounted for no more than 32% of total whole body essential fatty acids (day 21), but postnatally this increased to 81-88%. From day 21 to day +9, the proportion of n-6 and n-3 essential fatty acids within the total triacylglycerol pool of the suckling rat increased 71 and 317%, respectively. We conclude that in the suckling rat, triacylglycerol is quantitatively the most important source of essential fatty acids during at least the first 9 days of life.

Inunction and disease prevention

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
Lewis A. Barness
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Dietary Deficiency

Burr and Burr1 showed that animals cannot survive without dietary fat. Supplementing a fat-free diet with certain fatty acids termed essential prevents the symptoms of fat deficiency. Essential fatty acids consist mainly of linoleic (18:2), linolenic (18:3), arachidonic (20:4), and probably 20:5 and 22:6 acids. Deficiency results in changes of cellular and cellular membrane permeability. Essential fatty acids are found in high concentration in phospholipids and in the lipoprotein complexes. Mitachondrial fractions are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and multiple enzyme activities are altered in their absence. Deficiency symptoms arise most rapidly in those animals undergoing rapid growth. Clinical signs of dietary deficiency in humans has been limited largely to young rapidly growing infants.

scholarly journals Effect of Enriched Feed by n-3 fatty acids and 2% of n-6 fatty acid on Danio rerio Reproduction

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
N.B.P Utomo ◽  
L. Nurmalia ◽  
I. Mokoginta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Zebra Fish

<p>This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum n-3 fatty acid level in the diet containing 2 % of n-6 fatty acid on the reproductive performance of zebra fish (<em>Danio rerio</em>). There experimental diets containing 0.0; 1.0; 1.5 % n-3 fatty acid with 2.0 % n-6 fatty acid was fed to the fish, three times daily, at satiation, for two months. In order to evaluate the gonadal development of the broodstock, two gonads og fish was used for histologis preparation in every 7 days. At the end of the second month, reproductive performance was evaluated through parameters of gonad somato indeks, fecundity, fertilization rate, hatching rate, yolk egg absorbtion rate, survival rate of 3 days old larvae. Sample of fish also was taken for proximate composition as the end of this experiment. Results shows that at the fifth weeks of this experiment, gonad of fish fed on 1.0 % of n-3 fatty acid and 2.0 % n-6 fatty acid already produce eggs with the some size, while others. Still produce small size of eggs. It was found also that the whole body of fish fed an diet with 1.0% n-3 fatty acid contain the highest protein level compare to two other diets. Based on the evaluation of reproduction performance parameters, it was concluded that the optimum dietary level of n-3 fatty acid with 2.0 % n-6 fatty acid for <em>Danio rerio</em> was 0.81 - 0.90 %.</p> <p><em>Keywords</em>: essential fatty, acids, reproduction, zebra fish, <em>Danio rerio</em></p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar asam lemak n-3 optimum dalam pakan yang mempunyai kadar asam lemak n-6 tetap. Tiga macam pakan dengan kadar asam lemak n-3 berbeda yaitu 0.0; 1.0; dan 2.0 % diberikan pada ikan dengan bobot rata-rata 0.12 g. Pakan diberikan secara at satiation, 4 kali sehari selama 60 hari. Setiap 7 hari sekali diambil sampel ikan untuk pembentukan preparat histologi gonad dengan tujuan untuk mengevaluasi perkembangan gonad. Pada akhir penelitian, induk dipijahkan dan dievaluasi performan reproduksi berdasarkan parameter. Gonad Somato Indeks, fekunditas, derajat pembuahan, derajat penetasan dan kelangsungan hidup larva berumur 3 hari. Sampel tubuh ikan diakhir penelitian juga dievaluasi komposisi proksimatnya. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa pada minggu ke-5 setelah pemberian pakan, gonad dari ikan yang diberi pakan asam lemak n-3 1.0 % mengandung telur-telur dengan ukuran yang seragam sedangkan ukuran telur ke dua perlakuan lainnya masih bervariasi. Kadar protein tertinggi juga terdapat pada tubuh ikan yang diberi pakan 1.0 % asam lemak n-3. Berdasarkan parameter performan reproduksi secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar asam lemak n-3 optimum dalam pakan ikan zebra, <em>Danio rerio</em> adalah 0.81 - 0.90 %.</p> <p>Kata kunci: asam lemak, reproduksi, ikan zebra, <em>Danio  rerio</em></p>

Neonatal nutritional strategy of a viviparous elasmobranch with extremely low reproductive output

2020 ◽  
Vol 638 ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
BS Rangel ◽  
NE Hussey ◽  
Y Niella ◽  
LA Martinelli ◽  
AD Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Maternal Investment ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Nutritional State ◽  
Disc Width ◽  
Biomarker Analysis

Throughout evolutionary history, elasmobranchs have developed diverse reproductive strategies. Little focused work, however, has addressed how neonatal nutritional state is affected by differing degrees of maternal investment associated with these markedly different reproductive strategies. To investigate the effect of maternal investment on the nutritional quality of pups during the early life history of an extremely viviparous elasmobranch, quantitative biomarker analysis including lipids, fatty acids and stable isotopes was conducted. Using the cownose ray Rhinoptera bonasus (histotrophic viviparous) as a model, we found that pups were initially born in a positive nutritional state, enriched in physiologically important essential fatty acids and nitrogen and carbon stable isotope values (δ15N and δ13C), a result of maternal intrauterine transfer. A systematic decrease in some fatty acids and δ15N values, as well as a decrease in cholesterol with growth, confirmed that these substrates were derived from maternal resources and used in initial metabolic processes following birth. An observed increase in condition factor, plasma essential fatty acids and triglyceride:cholesterol ratio with increasing body size identified a progression towards successful independent foraging with pups not displaying marked nutritional deficiency or fasting phases. Our multi-tracer approach allowed the identification of 2 size classes of young rays (<50 and <70 cm disc width) that displayed distinct physiological states. Since prenatal maternal investment is critical for offspring condition and to promote successful foraging post birth, understanding the trophic ecology and physiological state of pups during their first year is critical to guide management and conservation within nursery grounds.

USE OF ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE HUMAN ORGANISM DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1219-1225
Author(s):  
Filip Jovanovski ◽  
Toni Mitrovski ◽  
Viktorija Bezhovska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Working Ability ◽  
The World ◽  
Growth Development

Food is not just a pleasure in life, it is also an important factor for our health. Human nutrition is a mixture of nutrients, which are the only source of energy needed for survival. Energy-poor diet endangers many life functions, and above all the working ability. In the world, the meaning of the diet is very serious, and hence the demands for a –rational, healthy and safe diet are growing. Human nutrition contains saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Essential fatty acids (EFAs) must be ingested in everyday diet because the body does not produce it. They are very important for human health. They are present in each cell of the human body and are an important factor for the normal growth, development and functioning of cells, muscles, nerves and organs. They are also used in the production of certain hormones - such as prostaglandins, which are crucial for the performance of certain important processes. The deficit from EFAs is due to a number of health problems, including more serious diseases.

Chlorella vulgaris as a Source of Essential Fatty Acids and Micronutrients: A Brief Commentary

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hércules Rezende Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Dietary Consumption ◽  
Acid Consumption

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) comprise about 35-40% of the total lipid content from green algaeChlorella, reaching up to 24% linoleic acid and 27% α-linolenic acid inC. vulgaris. Also, microalgae nutrient composition may be modulated by changes in the culture medium, increasing fatty acid and microelement concentrations in the algae biomass. PUFAs, such as α-linolenic (n-3) and linoleic (n-6) acids, as well as its derivatives, are considered essential for dietary consumption, and their ability to regulate body chemistry has been recently explored in depth. A balanced fatty acid consumption is shown to counteract the negative effects of western diets, such as chronic inflammation and glucose intolerance. In this brief commentary, technological and practical uses ofC. vulgarisare explored as means to improve dietary quality and, ultimately, human health.

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