DOP025 High rate of IBD in younger age groups among 1 degree relatives to IBD affected cases, a population-based cohort study 1977–2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. S26-S27
Author(s):  
F. Trier Moller ◽  
V. Andersen ◽  
T. Jess
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Younger Age

scholarly journals A.07 Characterizing the epidemiology of epilepsy in Saskatchewan, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (s2) ◽  
pp. S11-S11
Author(s):  
L Hernandez Ronquillo ◽  
L Thorpe ◽  
P Pahwa ◽  
J Tellez Zenteno
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Health Administrative Data ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Icd Codes

Background: There is no available estimate of the incidence and mortality of epilepsy in all age groups in the Canadian population. This study aimed to measure the incidence, prevalence, mortality and the secular trends for epilepsy in Saskatchewan between 2005 and 2010. Methods: A population-based cohort study was established from Saskatchewan’s provincial health administrative data. The population was followed until termination of coverage, death, or 31 December 2010. Individuals with epilepsy were identified based on ICD codes algorithms from 2005 to 2010. Results: The age-standardized incidence of epilepsy was 62 per 100,000 person-year. The age-standardized incidence rate of epilepsy in self-declared Registered Indians was 122 per 100,000 person-year. There was a significant decrease in the incidence of epilepsy for all groups over the study period. The age-standardized prevalence of epilepsy was 9 per 1,000 people. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of epilepsy over this time period. The adjusted mortality rate was 0.023 per 1000 person-year, and the all-cause Standardized Mortality Ration for epilepsy was 2.45. The SMR remained constant over the six-year period of the study. Conclusions: This study is the first in Canada to measure the incidence and all-cause mortality of epilepsy in all age groups.

scholarly journals Association Between Subconjunctival Hemorrhage and Acute Coronary Syndrome: A 14-Year Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Hao Chiang ◽  
Jung-Nien Lai ◽  
Yun-Chi Chiang ◽  
Kai-Chieh Hu ◽  
Min-Yen Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Purpose: Subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH) is usually a benign ocular disorder that causes painless, redness under the conjunctiva. However, since SCH and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) share many vascular risk factors, studies have suggested that these two disorders may be significantly associated with each other, and evaluate the concomitance of ACS in patients with SCH.Methods: This population-based cohort study, enrolled 35,260 Taiwanese patients, and used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database to identify patients with ACS and SCH. Outcomes were compared between the with and without SCH groups. The study population was followed until the date of ACS onset, the date of withdrawal, death, or December 31st 2013, whichever came first.Results: Of the 85,925 patients identified with SCH between 1996 and 2013, 68,295 were excluded based on the study's exclusion criteria, and a total of 17,630 patients with SCH who were diagnosed by ophthalmologists between 2000 and 2012 were eligible for analysis. After 1:1 propensity score matching for 5-year age groups, gender, and the index year, the results showed that SCH was more common in the 40–59 age group (53.82%) and females (58.66%). As for the ACS-related risk factors, patients with diabetes mellitus (aHR = 1.58, 95% CI = [1.38, 1.81]), hypertension (aHR = 1.71, 95% CI = [1.49, 1.96]) and patients taking aspirin (aHR = 1.67, 95% CI = [1.47, 1.90]) had a notably higher risk of ACS. However, it was found that there were no significant differences in the occurrence of ACS between the non-SCH and SCH patients.Conclusion: This results of this study regarding the risk factors and epidemiology of SCH and ACS were in keeping with previously reported findings. However, the results revealed no significant association between SCH and ACS.

Screening for prostate cancer

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz H. Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Prostate Cancer Mortality

Screening for a disease must be clearly defined and differentiated from early detection. ‘Screening’ refers to the application of tests to the whole population or to defined segments such as males within certain defined high risk age groups. If applied in such a fashion ‘screening’ for prostate cancer may also be described epidemiologically as ‘secondary prevention’. While high-quality randomized studies show that screening reduces prostate cancer mortality by 21–44%, there is wide agreement that the introduction of population-based screening is at present premature because harms, mainly the high rate of overdiagnosis seen currently outweighs the benefits. This chapter attempts to put current knowledge into perspective with a set of recognized prerequirements for the application of screening, established by Wilson and Jungner in 1968.

scholarly journals Trends in self-poisoning and psychotropic drug use in people aged 5–19 years: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Australia

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e026001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Cairns ◽  
Emily A Karanges ◽  
Anselm Wong ◽  
Jared A Brown ◽  
Jeff Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Psychotropic Medicine ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm

ObjectivesTo characterise trends in self-poisoning and psychotropic medicine use in young Australians.DesignPopulation-based retrospective cohort study.SettingCalls taken by the New South Wales and Victorian Poisons Information Centres (2006–2016, accounting for 70% of Australian poisoning calls); medicine dispensings in the 10% sample of Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data (July 2012 to June 2016).ParticipantsPeople aged 5–19 years.Main outcome measuresYearly trends in intentional poisoning exposure calls, substances taken in intentional poisonings, a prevalence of psychotropic use (dispensing of antidepressants, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines and medicines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)).ResultsThere were 33 501 intentional poisonings in people aged 5–19 years, with an increase of 8.39% per year (95% CI 6.08% to 10.74%, p<0.0001), with a 98% increase overall, 2006–2016. This effect was driven by increased poisonings in those born after 1997, suggesting a birth cohort effect. Females outnumbered males 3:1. Substances most commonly taken in self-poisonings were paracetamol, ibuprofen, fluoxetine, ethanol, quetiapine, paracetamol/opioid combinations, sertraline and escitalopram. Psychotropic dispensing also increased, with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) increasing 40% and 35% July 2012 to June 2016 in those aged 5–14 and 15–19, respectively. Fluoxetine was the most dispensed SSRI. Antipsychotics increased by 13% and 10%, while ADHD medication dispensing increased by 16% and 10%, in those aged 5–14 and 15–19, respectively. Conversely, dispensing of benzodiazepines to these age groups decreased by 4% and 5%, respectively.ConclusionsOur results signal a generation that is increasingly engaging in self-harm and is increasingly prescribed psychotropic medications. These findings indicate growing mental distress in this cohort. Since people who self-harm are at increased risk of suicide later in life, these results may foretell future increases in suicide rates in Australia.

Time to cancer diagnosis in young women presenting to surgeons with breast-related symptoms: A population-based cohort study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13099-e13099
Author(s):  
Tehillah S Menes ◽  
Tal Sella ◽  
Gabriel Chodick
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Breast Biopsy ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer

e13099 Background: Reports on delay to diagnosis of cancer in young women are based on retrospective studies and conflicting. The purpose of this study was to investigate time to cancer diagnosis in women presenting to a surgeon with breast-related complaints; and particularly, the role of age. Methods: A population-based cohort study including all women aged 18 to 44 presenting to a surgeon with a breast-related complaint between 2005 and 2015 in a large Israeli healthcare plan (N = 157,264). We collected data including demographics, diagnosis codes, breast imaging and biopsies. Breast cancer diagnosis within one year of the visit was ascertained from the national cancer registry. Time to breast imaging and biopsy was compared between the different age groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between age and delay to biopsy while adjusting for possible confounders. Results: During the first year after the visit, 45,434 (29%) women had a breast imaging study; 5,767 (3.7%) women had a breast biopsy; and 676 (0.43%) were diagnosed with breast cancer. Overall, time to first breast imaging (mean, 53 days) and biopsy (mean, 68 days) did not differ significantly between the age groups. Non-specific visit codes (other than breast mass) were associated with delays to imaging and biopsy. This was more pronounced in the women ultimately diagnosed with breast cancer. Among women diagnosed with breast cancer, age under 40 (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4; 3.9), being post-partum (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1; 5.9) and a non-specific visit code (OR-8.3, 95% CI 4.9; 14.2) were associated with delay to biopsy. Conclusions: Symptomatic women with lower a-priori likelihood of breast malignancy (younger age, post-partum, or non-specific visit code) are at a significantly greater risk of delayed diagnosis of cancer. Physicians should be aware of the challenging diagnosis in young women with non-specific symptoms.

scholarly journals Seasonal variations: Risk factor of commiting suicide

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 531-534
Author(s):  
Caslav Milic
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Seasonal Influence ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Way

Introduction. Suicide is a conscious and deliberate extermination of one?s own life. Suicidal motives can be exogenous and endogenous. Exogenous factors are those from social and economic sphere, moral and political ones. There are numerous elements: demographic, socio-pathological, clinical-psychopathological and, in recent time, seasonal variations and meteorological characteristics are considered to be significant. Aim. On the basis of the analyzed literature the aim of this paper was to show the connection among seasonal variations, frequency and suicidal features. Methods. Numerous epidemiological analyses of suicide have found a connection between suicide and seasonal variations. The connection between seasonal variations and suicide regarding the way of committing it (violent and nonviolent one) has been checked. Seasons, particularly spring and summer, have influence on suicide, which confirms the fact that suicide rate in time corresponds with seasonal variations. Results. Suicides in younger age groups of both sexes show smaller asymmetry in seasonal distribution than in older groups. Seasonal influence on suicide rate has been proved to be bigger in men than in women. As for the connection between seasonal characteristics and suicide regarding the way of committing it (violent and nonviolent suicide) most studies show that suicide, but only the violent one, is in direct connection with seasons. Annual trend shows the peak from March to May (from early to late spring) for violent suicide. Conclusion. To have knowledge about the influence of seasonal variations on committing suicide is very important for taking adequate preventive measures, especially in those countries which have high rate of suicide.

scholarly journals Association of pre-existing comorbidities with mortality and disease severity among 167,500 individuals with COVID-19 in Canada: A population-based cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258154
Author(s):  
Erjia Ge ◽  
Yanhong Li ◽  
Shishi Wu ◽  
Elisa Candido ◽  
Xiaolin Wei
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Risk Of Mortality

Background The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected 1.9% of the world population by May 2, 2021. Since most previous studies that examined risk factors for mortality and severity were based on hospitalized individuals, population-based cohort studies are called for to provide evidence that can be extrapolated to the general population. Therefore, we aimed to examine the associations of comorbidities with mortality and disease severity in individuals with COVID-19 diagnosed in 2020 in Ontario, Canada. Methods and findings We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all individuals with COVID-19 in Ontario, Canada diagnosed between January 15 and December 31, 2020. Cases were linked to health administrative databases maintained in the ICES which covers all residents in Ontario. The primary outcome is all-cause 30-day mortality after the first COVID-19 diagnosis, and the secondary outcome is a composite severity index containing death and hospitalization. To examine the risk factors for the outcomes, we employed Cox proportional hazards regression models and logistic regression models to adjust for demographic, socio-economic variables and comorbidities. Results were also stratified by age groups. A total of 167,500 individuals were diagnosed of COVID-19 in 2020 and included in the study. About half (43.8%, n = 73,378) had at least one comorbidity. The median follow-up period were 30 days. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (24%, n = 40,154), asthma (16%, n = 26,814), and diabetes (14.7%, n = 24,662). Individuals with comorbidity had higher risk of mortality compared to those without (HR = 2.80, 95%CI 2.35–3.34; p<0.001), and the risk substantially was elevated from 2.14 (95%CI 1.76–2.60) to 4.81 (95%CI 3.95–5.85) times as the number of comorbidities increased from one to five or more. Significant predictors for mortality included comorbidities such as solid organ transplant (HR = 3.06, 95%CI 2.03–4.63; p<0.001), dementia (HR = 1.46, 95%CI 1.35–1.58; p<0.001), chronic kidney disease (HR = 1.45, 95%CI 1.34–1.57; p<0.001), severe mental illness (HR = 1.42, 95%CI%, 1.12–1.80; p<0.001), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (HR = 1.22, 95%CI, 1.15–1.30), diabetes (HR = 1.19, 95%, 1.12–1.26; p<0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (HR = 1.19, 95%CI 1.12–1.26; p<0.001), cancer (HR = 1.17, 95%CI, 1.09–1.27; p<0.001), hypertension (HR = 1.16, 95%CI, 1.07–1.26; p<0.001). Compared to their effect in older age groups, comorbidities were associated with higher risk of mortality and severity in individuals under 50 years old. Individuals with five or more comorbidities in the below 50 years age group had 395.44 (95%CI, 57.93–2699.44, p<0.001) times higher risk of mortality compared to those without. Limitations include that data were collected during 2020 when the new variants of concern were not predominant, and that the ICES databases do not contain detailed individual-level socioeconomic and racial variables. Conclusion We found that solid organ transplant, dementia, chronic kidney disease, severe mental illness, CVD, hypertension, COPD, cancer, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, HIV, and asthma were associated with mortality or severity. Our study highlights that the number of comorbidities was a strong risk factor for deaths and severe outcomes among younger individuals with COVID-19. Our findings suggest that in addition of prioritizing by age, vaccination priority groups should also include younger population with multiple comorbidities.

scholarly journals P.021 Seizures among drivers in Newfoundland and Labrador

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (S2) ◽  
pp. S26-S26
Author(s):  
KS Aminian ◽  
A Ogunyemi ◽  
J Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Seizure Type ◽  
Vehicle Collision

Background: Regulation of drivers licences aims to strike a balance between autonomy and public safety. In Newfoundland and Labrador, an individual experiencing seizures must have a 6-month seizure-free interval before a driving licence is reinstated, although exceptions apply. There is a paucity of data surrounding driving safety in people with epilepsy. Methods: The Department of Motor Vehicles and Registration extracted data from the charts of drivers experiencing seizures for the period between 2010-2014, inclusive. Two groups were examined: drivers aged 16-24 (n=104) and 75+ (n=115). Given that mandatory reporting is required in Newfoundland and Labrador, this theoretically represents a population-based study. Results: Overall, 5.1% of the population experienced a motor vehicle collision, and collisions were more frequent among younger drivers. Significantly more people in the 75+ category had a medical history that could have contributed to seizures. Only 37.6% of the overall sample had their first seizure reported. This was not different between age groups or seizure types (generalized vs. focal). Though the age groups differed with respect to seizure type, this did not affect driving safety, as measured by motor vehicle collisions and driving disobedience. Conclusions: We found a high rate of driving disobedience despite the requirement for mandatory reporting and seizure type did not affect driving safety.

scholarly journals SAT0252 INCREASED MORTALITY FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH GIANT CELL ARTERITIS: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1069.1-1069
Author(s):  
L. Barra ◽  
J. Pope ◽  
P. Pequeno ◽  
J. Gatley ◽  
J. Widdifield
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Giant Cell Arteritis ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Over Time

Background:Individuals with giant cell arteritis (GCA) are at increased risk of serious morbidity including cardiovascular disease and stroke. Yet the risk of mortality among individuals with GCA have produced conflicting reports1.Objectives:Our aim was to evaluate excess all-cause mortality among individuals with GCA relative to the general population over time.Methods:We performed a population-based study in Ontario, Canada, using health administrative data among all individuals 50 years and older. Individuals with GCA were identified using a validated case definition (81% PPV, 100% specificity). All Ontario residents aged 50 and above who do not have GCA served as the General Population comparators. Deaths occurring in each cohort each year were ascertained from vital statistics. Annual crude and age/sex standardized all-cause mortality rates were determined for individuals with and without GCA between 2000 and 2018. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated to measure relative excess mortality over time. Differences in mortality between sexes and ages were also evaluated.Results:Population denominators among individuals 50 years and older with GCA and the General Population increased over time with 12,792 GCA patients and 5,456,966 comparators by 2018. Annual standardized mortality rates among the comparators steadily declined over time and were significantly lower than GCA morality rates (Figure). Annual GCA mortality rates fluctuated between 42-61 deaths per 1000 population (with overlapping confidence intervals) during the same time period. SMRs for GCA ranged from 1.28 (95% CI 1.08,1.47) at the lowest in 2002 to 1.96 (95% CI 1.84, 2.07) at the highest in 2018. GCA mortality rates and SMRs were highest among males and younger age groups.Conclusion:Over a 19-year period, mortality has remained increased among GCA patients relative to the general population. GCA mortality rates were higher among males and more premature deaths were occurring at younger age groups. In our study, improvements to the relative excess mortality for GCA patients over time (mortality gap) did not occur. Understanding cause-specific mortality and other factors are necessary to inform contributors to premature mortality among GCA patients.References:[1]Hill CL, et al. Risk of mortality in patients with giant cell arteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2017;46(4):513-9.Figure.Acknowledgments: :This study was supported by a CIORA grantDisclosure of Interests:Lillian Barra: None declared, Janet Pope Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly & Company, Merck, Roche, Seattle Genetics, UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Actelion, Amgen, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eicos Sciences, Eli Lilly & Company, Emerald, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, UCB, Speakers bureau: UCB, Priscila Pequeno: None declared, Jodi Gatley: None declared, Jessica Widdifield: None declared

The association between stress and headache: A longitudinal population-based study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 853-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara H Schramm ◽  
Susanne Moebus ◽  
Nils Lehmann ◽  
Ursula Galli ◽  
Mark Obermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Headache Frequency ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
Log Linear

Introduction We studied the association between stress intensity and headache frequency for tension-type headache (TTH), migraine and migraine with coexisting TTH (MigTTH). Method We studied a population-based sample of 5159 participants (21–71 years) who were asked quarterly between March 2010 and April 2012 about headache and stress. Log-linear regression in the framework of generalized estimating equations was used to estimate regression coefficients presented as percent changes to describe the association between stress intensity (modified visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 to 100) and headache frequency (days/month) stratified by headache subtypes and age groups and adjusted for sex, age, frequent intake of acute pain drugs, drinking, smoking, BMI and education. Results TTH was reported in 31% participants (48.1 ± 12.5years, 51.5% women, 2.2 ± 3.9 mean headache days/month, 52.3 ± 26.7 mean stress), migraine in 14% (44.8 ± 11.3years, 73.3%, 4.5 ± 5.2 days/month, 62.4 ± 23.3), MigTTH in 10.6% (43.5 ± 11.5 years, 61.0%, 3.6 ± 4.8 days/month, 58.6 ± 24.1), 23.6% were unclassifiable, and 20.8% had no headache. In participants with TTH an increase of 10 points on VAS was associated with an increase of headaches days/month of 6.0% (adjusted). Higher effects were observed in younger age groups (21–30/31–40/41–50/51–60/61–71 years: 9.8/10.2/7.0/6.5/3.5%). Slightly lower effects were observed for migraine (4.3%, 8.1/5.1/3.4/6.3/0.3%) and MigTTH (4.2%, 5.5/6.8/6.9/5.8/–0.7%). Conclusion Our study provides evidence for an association between stress intensity and headache frequency.

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