Comparative Outcomes of Traumatic Brain Injury from Biking Accidents With or Without Helmet Use

AbstractObjective: To determine if health outcomes and demographics differ according to helmet status between persons with cycling-related traumatic brain injuries (TBI).Methods: This is a retrospective study of 128 patients admitted to the Montreal General Hospital following a TBI that occurred while cycling from 2007-2011. Information was collected from the Quebec trauma registry and the coroner’s office in cases of death from cycling accidents. The independent variables collected were socio-demographic, helmet status, clinical and neurological patient information. The dependent variables evaluated were length of stay (LOS), extended Glasgow outcome scale (GOS-E), injury severity scale (ISS), discharge destination and death.Results:25% of cyclists wore a helmet. The helmet group was older, more likely to be university educated, married and retired. Unemployment, longer intensive care unit (ICU) stay, severe intracranial bleeding and neurosurgical interventions were more common in the no helmet group. There was no significant association between the severity of the TBI, ISS scores, GOS-E or death and helmet wearing. The median age of the subjects who died was higher than those who survived.Conclusion: Cyclists without helmets were younger, less educated, single and unemployed. They had more severe TBIs on imaging, longer LOS in ICU and more neurosurgical interventions. Elderly cyclists admitted to the hospital appear to be at higher risk of dying in the event of a TBI.

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Helmets Matter: Kentucky All-Terrain Vehicle Crashes Seen at a Tennessee Trauma Center

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/000313481808400239 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 289-293

Author(s):

George M. Testerman ◽

Daniel C. Prior ◽

Tamie D. Wells ◽

Sarah E. Rollins ◽

Stephen L. Oesch

Keyword(s):

Relative Risk ◽

Trauma Center ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Trauma Registry ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

Helmet Use ◽

State Laws ◽

Helmet Laws

All-terrain vehicle (ATV) safety laws, including helmet use, vary by state and are sporadically enforced. Kentucky state laws require safety helmets only for younger riders. We hypothesized that ATV riders injured in Kentucky and seen at a Tennessee trauma center would more likely be unhelmeted, have more severe head injuries, and have higher mortality rates than those injured in Virginia or Tennessee. A Trauma Registry review of 750 injured ATV riders from June 1, 2005, through June 1, 2015 examined state location of accident, helmet use, markers of injury severity, and outcomes. Multiple logistic regression analysis examined predictors of severe head injuries and death with P < 0.05 significant. Unhelmeted ATV rider status predicted more severe head injuries (relative risk 23.5, P < 0.001) and death (relative risk 4.6, P < 0.001). ATV riders injured in the state of Kentucky were twice as numerous. In addition, they were more likely than ATVriders injured in Tennessee or Virginia to be unhelmeted, to have severe head injuries, and to sustain fatal injuries (all P < 0.001). This single trauma center study lends support for maintaining and enforcing current universal helmet laws for ATVriders of all ages in states where they are in effect and highlights the need to upgrade helmet laws that apply only to some riders.

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Trauma Analysis Related Injury Severity Score (Triss) in Predicting the Prognosis of Politrauma Patients in Adam Malik General Hospital

International Journal of PharmTech Research ◽

10.20902/ijptr.2019.130111 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 97-104

Author(s):

Rahmad Gunawan ◽

Heru Rahmadhany ◽

Iman Dwi Winanto

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

General Hospital ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Polytrauma Patients ◽

Male Sex ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Referral Status

Objective : The purposeofthis study wastoanalyzetheabilityof TRISS in predictingthe prognosis ofpolytraumapatients in the Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan, January 2016 toDecember 2018. Material and Method : This type of research is an analytic study with cross sectional design, which is a study by measuring independent variables and dependent variables at the same time, which aims to analyze the ability of TRISS in predicting the prognosis of patients in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan January 2016 to December 2018. Results : From January 2016 - December 2018, a total 175 polytrauma patients which mostly was adult patient (>18 y.o) observed. Based on sex, referral status and diagnosis, patients with polytrauma dominated in patients with male sex(143 patients), referred patient (68patients) and diagnosed with head injury (29 patients). Conclusion : There is an influence between TRISS Score on the prognosis of polytrauma patients.

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Pediatric Equestrian Injuries: Assessing The Impact of Helmet Use

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.95.4.487 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. 487-489

Author(s):

G. Randall Bond ◽

Richard A. Christoph ◽

Bradley M. Rodgers

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Head Injuries ◽

University Of Virginia ◽

Severity Scale ◽

Helmet Use ◽

The Mean ◽

The University ◽

The Impact

Objective. To assess the impact of helmet use on the pattern, and severity of pediatric equestrian injuries. Design. A prospective observational study of all children less than 15 years of age who were brought to the University of Virginia children's Emergency Department with horse-related injuries. Results. During the two-year period of the study, 32 children were evaluated. Two children were injured when a horse stepped on them. Thirty children fell from or were thrown from a horse. Of these, 20 were wearing a helmet. Head injuries were more frequent in those patients not wearing helmets. The mean Modified Injury Severity Scale (MISS) score for riders without a helmet (12.9) was significantly higher (more severe) than that for helmeted riders (2.8). All three patients with a Glascow Coma Score <15 on arrival were not wearing a helmet at the time of injury. The frequency of hospitalization was significantly higher for those not wearing a helmet. Compared with other common mechanisms of childhood injury the mean Modified Injury Severity Scale score of injured riders was exceeded only by that of pedestrians struck by a car. Conclusion. Equestrian injuries are more severe than those suffered from other common pediatric mechanisms. Helmet use is associated with decreased frequency and severity of central nervous system injury.

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P116: Colder, but no less safe: A comparison of bicycle related traumas in winter compared to summer cyclists

CJEM ◽

10.1017/cem.2020.322 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (S1) ◽

pp. S106-S107

Author(s):

S. Davis ◽

J. Delaney

Keyword(s):

Protective Factor ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Severity Scale ◽

Chi Square ◽

Helmet Use ◽

Trauma Severity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Level I ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Introduction: This study aimed to examine difference in trauma injuries between bicycle users in winter months compared to summer months. Behavioral variables were also examined to assess seasonal variability, as well as associations with traumas. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of all bicycle related traumas presenting to a level I trauma center between the years 1998-2018. All data was collected through a standardized trauma database. Seasonal differences were examined by comparing trauma severity and behavior patterns between patients arriving in the months May-September (summer) and those arriving in November-March (winter). Outcome measures included: Injury Severity Scale, GCS, type of accident, helmet use, demographics and alcohol level. Groups were compared using t-tests and Chi-square analysis as appropriate. Results: A total of 980 bicycle related traumas were analyzed. There were a significantly greater number of injuries in the summer as compared to winter months (879 in summer vs. 101 in winter). While most injuries in both groups were rated in the severe range of the Injury Severity Scale, there were no differences in injury severity, initial GCS, deaths, or head injuries between the two seasons. There were also no differences in drug, alcohol, or helmet use. The only significant difference between seasons was that winter riders were more likely to be male. Overall, helmet use was associated with lower injury severity, less head trauma, and a higher initial GCS. Use of alcohol was associated with less likelihood of wearing a helmet. Conclusion: In conclusion, bicycle use in winter does not appear to be associated with worse outcomes than summer. Public health interventions can continue to encourage winter bicycle use, with the encouragement of helmet use and avoidance of alcohol when cycling as an important protective factor in both seasons.

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All-terrain vehicle–related injuries and deaths in Newfoundland and Labrador between 2003 and 2013: a retrospective trauma registry review

CJEM ◽

10.1017/cem.2017.51 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 207-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Holly Black ◽

Desmond Whalen ◽

Sabrina Alani ◽

Peter Rogers ◽

Cathy MacLean

Keyword(s):

Public Education ◽

Newfoundland And Labrador ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Trauma Registry ◽

Physician Practice ◽

Helmet Use ◽

M 10 ◽

Severity Scores ◽

Hospital Deaths ◽

Canadian Provinces

AbstractBackgroundInjury and death involving all-terrain vehicles (ATV) has been reported in a number of Canadian provinces. The objective of this study is to describe the frequency, nature, severity, population affected, immediate health costs, efficacy of related legislation, and helmet use in ATV related injuries and deaths in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL).MethodsA retrospective review of injured or deceased ATV riders of all ages entered in the Newfoundland and Labrador Trauma Registry from 2003 to 2013 was conducted. Variables studied included demographics, injury type and severity, use of helmets, admission/discharge dates, and referring/receiving institution. Data was also obtained from the Newfoundland and Labrador Center for Health Information (NLCHI) and included all in-hospital deaths and hospitalizations due to ATVs between 1995 and 2013.ResultsThere were a total of 298 patients registered in the trauma registry, resulting in 2759 admission days, nine deaths, and a total estimated immediate healthcare system cost in excess of $1.6 million. More males (N=253, 84.9%) than females (N=45, 15.1%) were injured in ATV related incidents, t(20)=7.12, p<.0001. Head and thorax injuries were the most serious. 38.6% of patients were confirmed to be wearing helmets. Mean injury severity scores are as follows: head injury (M=11, SD=9.51), thorax (M=10, SD=8.3), abdominal/pelvis (M=9, SD=7.62), upper extremity (M=9, SD=8.53), other injuries (M=9, SD=10.56) lower extremity (M=8, SD=8.34), and spine (M=8, SD=6.52).ConclusionsThis study describes ATV related injuries and deaths in NL. Information from this study may guide physician practice, public education, and future legislation.

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ANALISA PENGARUH IKLIM ORGANISASI DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PT HUTAMA KARYA

Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Krisnadwipayana ◽

10.35137/jmbk.v5i1.82 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Erik Wardhana, MM.

Keyword(s):

Organizational Climate ◽

Employee Performance ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Free Variable ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Correlational Approach ◽

Survey Research Methods ◽

The Relationship

This study entitled "Analysis of Effect of Climate Organization and Competence Againt Employee PT. Hutama Karya ". The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the relationship between the free variable that organizational climate (X1) and competence (X2) with the dependent variable is employee performance (Y), either partially or simultaneously, This study used survey research methods with the correlational approach and predictive, which aims for the relationship and influence between independent and dependent variables. The sampling technique can be done randomly (simple random sampling) of 852 employees, which is considered to resprentatif is 89 people. And to solve problems, to analyze and examine the relationship and influence between the independent variables on the dependent variable used models kausalistik through regression analysis with SPSS 14.0

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PENGARUH PERSONAL BACKGROUND, POLITICAL BACKGROUND DAN PENGEATAHUAN DEWAN TENTANG ANGGARAN TERHADAP PERAN DPRD DALAM PENGAWASAN KEUANGAN DAERAH

Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi dan Auditing ◽

10.37301/jkaa.v0i0.6487 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Yesi Mutia Basri ◽

Rosliana Rosliana

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Political Activity ◽

Primary Data ◽

Financial Control ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Political Background ◽

Activity Dependent

This research aim to examine the influence of personal background, political background, and council budget knowledge towards the role of DPRD on region financial control. This research is motivated by the fact that individual background will effect to individual behavior on political activity. Dependent variables in this research are personal background, political background, and council budges knowledge towards the role of DPRD on region financial control Independent variables are the role of DPRD on region financial control in planning, implementing, and responsibility steps. The data in this research consist of primary data that taken from questionnaires distributed directly to respondents. The collected are from 34 Respondents that members of DPRD at Pekanbaru. Hypothesis of this research are examine by using Multivariate Analysis of Variances (MANOVA). The result of this research HI personal background political background and budget knowledge have significant influence toward the role of DPRD on region financial control in planning steps.H2 personal background, politico I background and budget knowledge have no significant influence toward the role of DPRD on region financial control in Implementing steps. H3 personal background political background and budget knowledge have no significant influence toward the role of DPRD on region financial control in Controlling steps.

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Weight Feedback-Based Harmonic MDG-Ensemble Model for Prediction of Traffic Accident Severity

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5072

Author(s):

Byung-Kook Koo ◽

Ji-Won Baek ◽

Kyung-Yong Chung

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accidents ◽

Average Rate ◽

Modern Society ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Weighted Voting ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Accident Severity ◽

Harmonic Average ◽

Bagging Method

Traffic accidents are emerging as a serious social problem in modern society but if the severity of an accident is quickly grasped, countermeasures can be organized efficiently. To solve this problem, the method proposed in this paper derives the MDG (Mean Decrease Gini) coefficient between variables to assess the severity of traffic accidents. Single models are designed to use coefficient, independent variables to determine and predict accident severity. The generated single models are fused using a weighted-voting-based bagging method ensemble to consider various characteristics and avoid overfitting. The variables used for predicting accidents are classified as dependent or independent and the variables that affect the severity of traffic accidents are predicted using the characteristics of causal relationships. Independent variables are classified as categorical and numerical variables. For this reason, a problem arises when the variation among dependent variables is imbalanced. Therefore, a harmonic average is applied to the weights to maintain the variables’ balance and determine the average rate of change. Through this, it is possible to establish objective criteria for determining the severity of traffic accidents, thereby improving reliability.

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A Student’s Guide to the Classification and Operationalization of Variables in the Conceptualization and Design of a Clinical Study: Part 1

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1177/0253717621994334 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 177-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chittaranjan Andrade

Keyword(s):

Clinical Study ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Research Experience ◽

Process Variables ◽

Know How ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Cause And Effect ◽

Confounding Variables ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

The Relationship

Students without prior research experience may not know how to conceptualize and design a study. This article explains how an understanding of the classification and operationalization of variables is the key to the process. Variables describe aspects of the sample that is under study; they are so called because they vary in value from subject to subject in the sample. Variables may be independent or dependent. Independent variables influence the value of other variables; dependent variables are influenced in value by other variables. A hypothesis states an expected relationship between variables. A significant relationship between an independent and dependent variable does not prove cause and effect; the relationship may partly or wholly be explained by one or more confounding variables. Variables need to be operationalized; that is, defined in a way that permits their accurate measurement. These and other concepts are explained with the help of clinically relevant examples.

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The Effect of Older Adults’ Volunteering on Relational Satisfaction

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1314 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 408-408

Author(s):

Meeryoung Kim

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

Target Population ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Retirement Age ◽

Relational Satisfaction ◽

Human Relations ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Dependent Variables ◽

Overall Life Satisfaction

Abstract Longevity is increasing in what is called the centenarian society. However, the average retirement age of Korea is the lowest among OECD countries. Because of increasing longevity, older adults need activities after retirement. Volunteering can be a substitute that allows Korean older adults to find a social identity. This study examined older adults’ volunteering and how many kinds of volunteering affected relational satisfaction differently. This study used the 6th additional wave of the Korean Retirement and Income Study (2016). The target population of this study was ages over 60 and the sample size was 280. For data analysis, multiple regressions were used. Demographic variables were controlled. As for independent variables, reasons for volunteering whether they were motivated for self or for others were used. For dependent variables, relational satisfaction, such as family, human relation and overall life satisfaction was used. Volunteers’ health is an important factor for relational satisfaction. If volunteering was self-motivated, satisfaction of both family and human relations were negatively affected. Reason for others also affected satisfaction of family and human relations negatively. Volunteering initiated by others increased satisfaction of family and human relations. Doing more than one kind of volunteering affected both satisfaction of family and human relations. For overall life satisfaction, the effect of volunteering for oneself was lower than other reasons. These findings implied that reasons for volunteering affected relational satisfaction differently. In addition, the activities of volunteering, such as taking part in one or more had different effects.

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