scholarly journals Comparative Nationalisms and Bibliographic Black Holes: The Case of the Turkmen of the North Caucasus

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Kit Condill

Abstract The centuries-old Turkmen community of Stavropol’ Krai in southern Russia, while currently numbering only about 15,000 people, is an integral part of the famously diverse ethnolinguistic landscape of the North Caucasus. To the extent that Euro-Atlantic scholars have noted the existence of this community at all, their comments have been rather cursory and dismissive, and it has been claimed that the North Caucasus Turkmen (virtually alone among the dozens of similarly small ethnic groups of the region) have never published anything in their own language. Intensive investigations in the bibliographic record (and in secondary sources in Russian, Turkish, and Turkmen) show that this is not actually the case, and that the North Caucasus Turkmen do have a modest record of Turkmen-language publishing stretching back a century or more. What are the implications of these published works for our understanding of Turkmen identity, the Turkmen diaspora, and the complicated multiethnic and multilingual environment of the North Caucasus? What does it mean when groups like the North Caucasus Turkmen are made all but invisible in Euro-Atlantic scholarship and Euro-Atlantic library collections?

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 00055
Author(s):  
Tatyana Barsukova ◽  
Andrey Lezhebokov ◽  
Valentina Ivashova ◽  
Roza Chvalun ◽  
Oksana Gavrilova

The article presents the results of a sociological study devoted to the analysis of social practices of the population of several territories of the North Caucasus in the current sphere of ethnic cultural interactions. The study was conducted in 2019 by questionnaire survey in Stavropol Krai, KarachayCherkessia, and Ingushetia. In a number of issues, comparative data from the 2013 survey are involved, which allows us to see trends in the development of ethnic cultural interactions among the population of the strategically important territory of Southern Russia. The study found that an increase in the specific gravity of non-titular nationalities for Stavropol Krai, on the one hand, causes greater interpenetration of cultures, their mutual enrichment, on the other hand, an increase in the intensity of interaction between different national groups leads to the need for closer attention to the development of balanced national policies in the region. According to the survey participants, an increase in information about the history and culture of peoples living in the territory of the region will become a stabilizing factor in international relations.


Author(s):  
Z.Kh. Guchetl ◽  
◽  
O.I. Kuskarova ◽  

In this article, the authors comprehend the moral and ethical phenomenon of "Adyge habz the problems of its preservation and development in modern society in the context of globalization. The study of traditions is undoubtedly relevant in modern conditions, when many ethnic groups persistently retain interest in past values, their origins and prospects. The authors note that this problem is relevant not only for the Adygs, but also for other peoples of the North Caucasus, which have their own analogues of national moral and ethical codes. Based on the results of the conducted sociological research, it is concluded that the role of Adyghism (adygag) in the system of traditional ethno-cultural values of the Adyghes has decreased, and therefore there is a need to revive and develop the national identity of the Adyghes.


Author(s):  
Anton V. Aver’yanov

The article is devoted to the process and results of territorial self-determination of national minorities in the Terek district in 1924-1930 within the framework of the Soviet national construction. This problem has not yet found special coverage in the scientifi c literature. The study determined the nature and degree of infl uence of the geographical location of the Terek district and its ethno-social structure on the processes of administrative and territorial arrangement of national minorities. The features of settlement, social and religious structure of the largest ethnic groups are determined. The main priorities in the implementation of the policy of territorial separation of ethnic groups living in the region are indicated. The main criteria for creating national territorial entities, including Soviets of villages of the hill people and Soviets of villages of the Russian Cossacks, are highlighted. Projects on allocation of national districts and areas are analysed. Objective and subjective factors that hindered the implementation of these projects were identifi ed. It was proved that the national policy in the Terek district was subject to signifi cant adjustments due to local ethnic, social, cultural, economic and political specifi cs. It is noted that the ethnosocial structure of national minorities in the region was extremely heterogeneous. It was revealed that the Cossack factor continued to play an important role in the process of territorial self-determination of national minorities in the Terek district.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Sysoev

Specific criminal associations formed along ethnic lines on the territory of the Irkutsk Province had a direct impact on aggravation of social relations between various ethnic groups of the Siberian population. The article examines the features of implementing the corrective policy of autocracy in the context of development of the Eastern outskirts of the Russian Empire. On the basis of previously unpublished archival sources, the article reconstructs the events that accompanied the movement of criminals and socially unstable people from the territories of the North Caucasus to the Irkutsk Province and their further integration into the Siberian society. It contains a comprehensive analysis of the ethnic crime causes in Siberia, and the consequences of its manifestation in major administrative centers of the region.


2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
E. A. Ostapenko

The article analyzes the potential for the functioning of the regional economy on the example of the Stavropol Territory. Identifies competitive advantages, and conducts a comparative analysis with the subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District and Southern Russia. Identified the strengths and weaknesses of the social and economic development of the region. The study allowed to determine the direction of development.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Matthew Blackburn

Abstract Based on more than 100 interviews in European Russia, this article sheds light on the bottom-up dynamics of Russian nationalism. After offering a characterization of the post-2012 “state-civilization” discourse from above, I examine how ordinary people imagine Russia as a “state-civilization.” Interview narratives of inclusion into the nation are found to overlap with state discourse on three main lines: (1) ethno-nationalism is rejected, and Russia is imagined to be a unique, harmonious multi-ethnic space in which the Russians (russkie) lead without repressing the others; (2) Russia’s multinationalism is remembered in myths of peaceful interactions between Russians (russkie) and indigenous ethnic groups (korennyye narodi) across the imperial and Soviet past; (3) Russian culture and language are perceived as the glue that holds together a unified category of nationhood. Interview narratives on exclusion deviate from state discourse in two key areas: attitudes to the North Caucasus reveal the geopolitical-security, post-imperial aspect of the “state-civilization” identity, while stances toward non-Slavic migrants in city spaces reveal a degree of “cultural nationalism” that, while sharing characteristics with those of Western Europe, is also based on Soviet-framed notions of normality. Overall, the article contributes to debates on how Soviet legacies and Russia’s post-imperial consciousness play out in the context of the “pro-Putin consensus.”


2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Shlapentokh

AbstractRussia, similar to many other parts of the globe, continues to be affected by terrorism, mostly since the beginning of the conflicts in the Caucasus. While started by the Chechens after the beginning of the First Chechen War (1994-1996), terrorism and resistance to Moscow in general soon moved outside Chechen borders, absorbing representatives from other ethnic groups of the Caucasus and beyond. As a result, what originally had been mostly a Chechen nationalist movement finally transformed itself into a multi-ethnic force where the liberation of Chechnya from Russian rule became just one aspect of the struggle. Moreover, nationalist-minded Chechens seemed to have moved to the margins of the resistance, for increasing numbers of the resistance members could well go to the official Chechen leadership. While nationalistic and, in a way, a moderate model of the Chechen resistance became increasingly unworkable, jihadism provided an increasingly acceptable modus operandi. To start with, jihadism emphasises an ideological, Muslim identity and discards any sense of ethnicity, nationalism in general, that separates Muslims from each other. Secondly, jihadism promulgates the creation of a universal Khalifat as the final goal. Khalifat is seen as the ideal society, in a way similar to that of the “thousand-year rule of Christ” and/or communism, each of which actually transcends history as it is known. All of this has led to the increasing influence of jihadists among the members of the Chechen resistance, and a final split between them and the nationalist-minded members of the resistance. This paper presents a detailed analytic account of the recent developments within the Chechen resistance, as well as the jihadist ideology, and terrorism in the North Caucasus and Russia in general.


Author(s):  
Галина Викторовна Сёмина

В статье автор исходит из понимания феномена культуры (как в искусстве, так и в философии) как культуры, способной жить и развиваться только в одновременном диалоге с другими культурами, который В.С. Библер назвал «культурологическим парадоксом». В процессе проведенного исследования выстроено понимание того, что культура есть мир «вещей», основанный на диалоге их создателей не только с людьми настоящего, но и с последующими поколениями, так как рассказывают потомкам о мировоззрении прошедшей эпохи, о ценностях культуры предков, о мировидении создателей произведений. Автор считает этот аспект достаточно важным и значимым для решения проблем по дальнейшему сохранению культурного наследия народов Северного Кавказа в глобализирующемся мире, стремящемся к всеобщей унификации и нивелирующим тем самым самобытность культур этносов. Культурфилософский анализ предметов как «вещей» способствует выявлению их смыслов, несущих на себе печать человека как homo faber, как созерцателя и как пользователя, которому не только открыто их предназначение, но и без которого в принципе невозможно их существование. В качестве примера рассмотрены узорные карачаево-балкарские ковры - кийизы. Проведена сравнительная параллель между возможными интерпретациями орнаментальных мотивов жыйгыч кийизов - узких полосок, покрывавших полки в патриархальных жилищах этих этносов, и предполагаемым диалогом с Другим. Материал дает основание сделать вывод о том, что эти ковры-занавеси «читаются» по типу «культурного текста» - неких закодированных таким образом посланий предков. In the paper, the author proceeds from the understanding of the phenomenon of culture (both in art and in philosophy), as a culture capable of living and developing only in a simultaneous dialogue with other cultures, which V.S. Bibler called "a cultural paradox". In the process of the study, the understanding is built that culture is a world of "things", basing on the dialogue of their creators not only with the people of the present, but also with subsequent generations. They tell descendants about the worldview of the past era, about the values of ancestral culture, about the worldview of the creators of works. The author considers this aspect important and significant enough to solve the problems of further preserving the cultural heritage of the peoples of the North Caucasus in a globalizing world, striving for universal unification and thereby leveling the identity of ethnic cultures. Cultural-philosophical analysis of objects as "things" helps to identify their meanings, bearing the stamp of a human being, as a homo faber, as a contemplator and as a user, to whom not only their purpose is open, but also without which, in principle, their existence is impossible. The patterned Karachay-Balkarian rugs - kiyizes - are considered as an example. A comparative parallel was drawn between possible interpretations of the ornamental motifs of the zhyigych kiyizes -narrow strips covering shelves in the patriarchal dwellings of these ethnic groups, and the alleged dialogue with the Other. The material gives reason to conclude that these curtain rugs are "read" according to the type of "cultural text" which is a kind of coded message from the ancestors.


Author(s):  
В.Н. Харьков ◽  
А.А. Зарубин ◽  
И.Ю. Хитринская ◽  
М.О. Раджабов ◽  
С.С. Литвинов ◽  
...  

Выявлен вклад тюркского по происхождению компонента в генофонд различных этносов Дагестана и Северного Кавказа, который присутствует не только у тюркоязычных популяций, но и у соседних с ними. В горных популяциях Дагестана, в отличие от равнинных, тюркский компонент практически полностью отсутствует. The contribution of Turkic genetic component to the gene pool of various ethnic groups of Dagestan and the North Caucasus, which is present not only in Turkic-speaking populations, but also in neighboring ones, is revealed. In the mountain populations of Dagestan, unlike the plains, the Turkic component is almost completely absent.


Author(s):  
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Fomenko

The subject of this research is the toponyms Yessentuk, Yessentuchok, Yessentuki. The goal is ti determine their origin. The author leans on the data of explorations of the remains Golden Horde mausoleums of the XIV century, which were conducted in the late XX and early XXI centuries on the outskirts and in the area of the city of Yessentuki of Stavropol Krai. The article considers the previously revealed connection between mausoleums of the XIV century, Podkumok River Valley, and the Kabardian-Abazin tombstones of the XVIII century located here. It is worth noting that at the time of construction of the Yessentuki reduit at the end of the XVIII century, the general population of the area were Kabardians and Abazins. The application of comprehensive approach alongside various methods of historical and philological sciences allowed determining the origins of the toponyms Yessentuk, Yessentuchok, Yessentuki, as well as carrying out further reconstruction of the history of the Central Fore-Caucasus of pre-Russian and Russian eras. The conclusion is made that the name Yessentuk (in later versions – Yessentuchok and Yessentuki) stems from the Kabardian word combination Yesen tlygu – the edge, area, or border) of Yesen. The personal name Yesen is of Turkic-Mongolian origin and can be occasionally seen in the anthroponymy of the Adyghe and neighboring peoples. The obtained results can be used in studying history of the North Caucasus, toponymic research, museology, creation of science education films.


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