Mosquito Species breeding in “Test” Water Containers in West Africa

1933 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius B. Philip
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dense Population ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
The Third ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Test Water ◽  
Aedes Africanus ◽  
Optimum Type ◽  
Mango Leaves

Observations additional to those made by Dunn (1927) of Culicine mosquitos breeding in “ test ” water containers about a Compound in Southern Nigeria, near Lagos, are here reported for a period of the year (June to December) not covered in Dunn's study. Only the optimum type of container mentioned in Dunn's report (bamboo joints containing water and mango leaves) was employed, and these were placed in the same ten representative environmental situations. The numerical rank of infesting species differed significantly in the two studies only in the case of Culex decens, which dropped from third to last place, and of Aëdes africanus, which rose from tenth to sixth place. The total numbers of infestations in the former study were greater, but this is explainable on the basis of one or several variables, i.e., seasonal differences, elapse of time between studies, or less probably the fact that there were four containers instead of one at each station. The number of infestations at any one station has little relation to the number of resultant adults; there is a wide variation in these numbers.An analysis of the occurrence of A. aegypti in containers and a discussion of certain bionomical information together with relative weather conditions are included. Brief data are also presented of the incidence of species at three additional stations, one in a centre of dense population (Lagos), one in a suburb (Ebute Metta), and the third isolated in dense “ bush.”

scholarly journals APLIKASI RADAR CUACA UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI FLUKTUASI KONDISI CUACA EKSTRIM (STUDI KASUS: BANJIR DI KOTA MEDAN TANGGAL 5 OKTOBER 2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Budi Prasetyo ◽  
Nikita Pusparini ◽  
Irwandi Irwandi ◽  
Welly Fitria
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Region I ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Graphic Environment

Intisari Data Radar cuaca Enterprise Electronics Corporation (EEC) selama 24 jam pada tanggal 5 Oktober 2018 mulai pukul 07.00 WIB hingga 07.00 WIB tanggal 6 Oktober 2018 digunakan pada penelitian ini. Data ini diperoleh dari Balai Besar Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika Wilayah I dalam format volumetric (.vol) dan memiliki selang waktu per 10 menit. Metode yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif hasil produk turunan Radar yang diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak yang berasal dari produsen radar yaitu Enterprise Doppler Graphic Environment (EDGE) berupa Coloumn Maximum (CMAX), momen intensitas horizontal, momen rata-rata curah hujan, dan Vertical Integrated Reflectivity (VIR), serta grafik curah hujan (RHG). Penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa fluktuasi kondisi cuaca yang terjadi pada tanggal 5 Oktober 2018 sangat tinggi. Secara umum, curah hujan intensitas tinggi yang terjadi di Kota Medan pada tanggal 5 Oktober 2018 umumnya terbagi menjadi tiga periode, yaitu hujan pada siang hingga sore (pukul 14.00 – 15.50 WIB), hujan pada petang (pukul 18.20 – 19.40 WIB), dan hujan pada malam hari (21.10 – 23.40 WIB). Fluktuasi tertinggi terjadi pada periode pertama dengan kenaikan curah hujan tertinggi terjadi di Kecamatan Medan Helvetia dengan kenaikan curah hujan sebanyak 32 mm dalam 10 menit yang terjadi pada pukul 14.50 WIB, pada periode kedua terjadi di Kecamatan Medan Kota dengan kenaikan 24 mm pada pukul 18.20 WIB, dan periode ketiga terjadi di Kecamatan Medan Johor dengan kenaikan 17 mm pada pukul 21.20 WIB. Abstract Enterprise Electronics Corporation (EEC) Data Radar for 24 hours on October 5th, 2018, starting at 7:00 LT until 07.00 LT on October 6th, 2018, were used in this research. These data were obtained from the Center for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics in Region I in the form of volumetric (.vol) and has an interval of 10 minutes. The method used were descriptive analysis of Radar products processed by software from Radar manufacture, namely Enterprise Doppler Graphic Environment (EDGE) software which in the form of Column Maximum (CMAX) moments of horizontal intensity and moments of average rainfall, Vertical Integrated Reflectivity (VIR), and rainfall graph (RHG). We found that there were high fluctuations in weather conditions that occurred on October 5th, 2018. In general, the high-intensity rainfall occurred in Medan city on October 5th, 2018 was generally divided into three periods, namely rain in the afternoon until evening (at 14:00 - 15:50 LT), rain at dusk (18:20 - 19:40 LT), rain at night (21.10 - 23.40 LT). The highest fluctuation occurred in the first period with the highest increase of rainfall occurred in Medan Helvetia Subdistrict with an increase of 32 mm rainfall in 10 minutes which occurred at 14.50 LT; the second period occurred in Medan Kota District with a 24 mm increase at 18.20 LT, and the third period occurred in Medan Johor District with a 17 mm increase at 21.20 LT.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF FORMATION OF THE SQUARE OF BEETS PLANTS OF BEETS DEPENDING ON VARIETY SPECIAL FEATURES AND TERMS OF SEEDING UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Inna Palamarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Part ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sowing Period

The results of studies on the dynamics of the formation of the area of leaves of plants of beetroot canteen depending on varietal characteristics and sowing time in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Right-Bank Ukraine are presented. The dependence of the growth and development of beetroot plants on varietal characteristics and sowing dates, as well as on weather conditions that were in the studied time, was revealed. The largest number of leaves in the phase of intensive root formation was formed by plants with a sowing period of I decade of May: 13.3 pcs. / plant – Bordo Kharkivskiy, 13.1 pcs. / plant – Opolskiy. The greatest mass of the root crop in the phase of intensive root formation was planted at a sowing period of the third decade of April: the Bordo Kharkivskiy – 72.4 g, the variety Opolskiy – 43.5 g. The same pattern was observed when taking into account the mass of the aerial part of beetroot. In the Bordo Kharkivskiy variety, it varied from 92.4 g to 87.5 g depending on the sowing time, in the Opolskiy variety from 33.7 g to 31.7 g, that is, the beet plants of the Bordo Kharkivskiy cultivar formed a significantly larger mass of the aerial part in comparison with the Opolskiy variety. Plants were sown with the largest leaf area at a sowing period of the 3rd decade of April: in the Bordo Kharkivskiy – 1.2 – 4.0 thousand m2 / ha, in the Opolskiy variety – 1.0 – 2.3 thousand m2 / ha. According to the results of the crop accounting, it was found that it depended on the variety and sowing period of beetroot. On average, over the years of research, the highest yield was observed with a sowing period of the third decade of April: 63.1 t / ha for the Bordo Kharkivskiy variety, 55.9 t / ha for the Opolskiy variety.

scholarly journals Loglinear Model Formation using Hierachial Backward Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Siti Fatimah Sihotang ◽  
Zuhri
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Good Method ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Loglinear Model ◽  
Complete Model ◽  
The Third ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Model Formation ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Categorical Scale

The loglinear model is a special case of a general linear model for poissondistributed data. The loglinear model is also a number of models in statistics that are used todetermine dependencies between several variables on a categorical scale. The number ofvariables discussed in this study were three variables. After the variables are investigated,the formation of the loglinear model becomes important because not all the modelinteraction factors that exist in the complete model become significant in the resultingmodel. The formation of the loglinear model in this study uses the Backward Hierarchicalmethod. This research makes loglinear modeling to get the model using the HierarchicalBackward method to choose a good method in making models with existing examples.From the challenging examples that have been done, it is known that the HierarchicalReverse method can model the third iteration or scroll. Then, also use better assessmentmethods about faster workmanship and computer-sponsored assessments that are used moreefficiently through compatibility testing for each model made

scholarly journals Characteristics and treatment of patients with epistaxis over the last 5 years in Guangzhou

2019 ◽  
pp. 102490791989215
Author(s):  
Yong Lin ◽  
Maimaitiyiming Yasheng ◽  
Heyue Zhang ◽  
Mireguli Rouzi ◽  
Mierban Zunong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Bleeding Site ◽  
Poor General Condition ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
The Third ◽  
Optimized Protocol ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Underlying Diseases

Background: Epistaxis is one of the most common emergencies in the department of otolaryngology, which gives a burden to the health care system. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the patients’ characteristics of hospital admission with epistaxis and provide an optimized protocol. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of patients with epistaxis admitted to The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China. The data were analyzed in terms of gender, age, seasonal differences, length and expenses of hospitalization, pathogenesis of epistaxis, primary medical management before hospital admission, bleeding sites, and treatment. Results: A total of 387 patients were included, which consisted of 270 males and 117 females with an average of 43 years. Most patients could be identified with underlying diseases, and the most commonly observed bleeding site was Little area (n = 164). Most patients received electrocauterization as a precision medical treatment (n = 288). The duration of hospitalization length ranged from a mean of 5.17–4.48 days, and the expenses of hospitalization ranged from a mean of RMB 4881–4951 yuan over the last 5 years. Conclusion: Most patients with epistaxis could be treated as outpatients by endoscopic electrocauterization, and hospitalization is indicated when patients need improvement of poor general condition, posterior packing, embolization, or surgery. This study enables to provide an optimized protocol for patient with epistaxis.

THE FREEZING POINT OF MILK PRODUCED IN FOUR MARKETS IN TENNESSEE

1966 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Demott
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
High Vapor ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
The Relationship

Summary Seasonal differences occur in the freezing point depression (Δ) of milk produced in Tennessee, A larger Δ occurred in the colder months of the year than in the summer and early fall of 1963 and 1964. Weather conditions were of more significance in the fall and spring than in winter and summer. High temperatures and high vapor pressures were associated with smaller Δ's. The Δ between herds was statistically different, but this difference could not be attributed to the breed of cow in the herd. Producers whose milk had a small average Δ had, in many cases, a great deal of variation in their Δ's. The relationship between quantity of milk sold per producer and Δ is, at most, very slight.

scholarly journals Вплив погодних умов веґетаційного періоду на елементи продуктивності та урожайність проса прутоподібного

2017 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
М. І. Кулик ◽  
І. І. Рожко
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Average Daily Temperature ◽  
Quantitative Indices ◽  
The Third ◽  
Number Of Stems

З'ясовано вплив погодних умов веґетації на мінливість елементів продуктивності (висоти та густоти стеблостою) проса прутоподібного. Визначено вплив середньодобової температури повітря та суми опадів під час веґетації рослин на урожайність фітомаси культури в розрізі років дослідження. Наведено кореляційні залежності між кількісними показниками рослин (елементами продуктивності) третього–шостого років веґетації та урожайністю фітомаси проса прутоподібного. Встановлено, що урожайність сухої надземної веґетативної маси проса прутоподібного в більшій мірі обумовлюється кількістю стебел на одиницю площі у тісному взаємозв’язку із середньодобовою температурою повітря, в меншій мірі – висотою рослин та сумою опадів за веґетаційний період. The influence of weather conditions of vegetation on the variability of the elements of productivity (height and density of stems) of switchgrass is determined. The influence of average daily temperature of air and the amount of precipitation during vegetation of plants on the yield of phytomass of culture in terms of research years is determined. The correlation between quantitative indices of plants (elements of productivity) of the third–sixth years of vegetation and yield of phytomass of switchgrass is shown. It has been established that the yield of dry vegetative mass of switchgrass is largely determined by the number of stems per unit area in close correlation with the average daily temperature of air, to a less extent – the height of plants and the amount of precipitation during the vegetation period.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE FACTOR ON THE DURATION OF INTERPHASE PERIODS OF MELON PLANTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
N.A. Eliseeva ◽  
◽  
Yu.N. Kostanchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Feeding Area ◽  
Fruit Formation

One of the valuable traits of any variety is its degree of adaptability to stressful environmental factors. The purpose of the research is to determine the degree of influence of average daily temperatures on the duration of interphase periods of some melon varieties in the first half of growing season to assess their ecological plasticity under conditions of the foothill zone of the Crimea. The studies were conducted in 2016–2019 on the experimental fields of FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea” (village of Ukromnoye, Simferopol suburbs). All the research studies were carried out according to the existing guidelines for melon crops breeding. Fifty-six melon samples varying in reaching maturity were the objects of the study. Soil – chernozem southern calcareous heavy loamy; its texture is clayey, structure – lumpy. Weather conditions during the years of research varied. The most favourable temperature regime for the melon growing was in 2019 (2269.6 °С); unfavourable – in 2016 (1738.0 °С); 2017 and 2018 occupied an intermediate position. It allowed obtaining objective results in assessing ecological plasticity of the studied varieties. Planting scheme – standard; feeding area – 1.0×1.5 m2 per one plant. The study was carried out in a collection nursery; four-fold replication. We compared melons of three groups of ripeness: early (I) – varieties mature in 55–75 days, mid-early (II) – ripen in 76–90 days, mid-late (III) – require 90 days until harvest. During the years of research, the duration of interphase periods varied from 18 to 59 days. An increase in the relative average daily air temperature by 1 °C reduced the phenophases duration on average by 1.02–4.43 days. The most pronounced changes were revealed in the third interphase period (seedlings – fruit formation beginning): the average value of the ecological variation corresponded to 27.5 %; maximum it was in the mid-late samples (25.3 %). We established a close negative correlation (from –0.72 to –0.99) between an increase in the relative average daily air temperature and duration of the phenophases of the first half of the melon plants growing season. Each genotype reacted individually to changes in external influences. The group of mid-late samples had the highest degree of variability. An increase in the relative average daily temperatures by 1 °C reduces the length of the interphase periods of plants of this group from 1.99 to 3.75 days. Among others, varieties ‘Idyllia’, ‘Gulnara’, ‘Ethiopka’ were the most stable.

Snow and Ice Control System Based on Slipperiness Data Transmitted by Drivers: Usefulness of Subjective Slipperiness Data

1996 ◽  
Vol 1533 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Takashi Nakatsuji ◽  
Takashi Fujiwara ◽  
Toru Hagawara ◽  
Yuki Onodera
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Friction Coefficients ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Third ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Road Condition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ice Control ◽  
Snow And Ice

In Japan, the regulation of studded tires requires the establishment of new countermeasures for effective ice control on slippery roads in winter. The most important information for snow and ice control systems is determining the slipperiness of road surfaces. To detect the slipperiness simply and precisely, a monitoring system was examined in which drivers judged the slipperiness. To evaluate the suitability of such slipperiness data, three investigations were carried out: (a) the relationship between the road condition classification and the slipperiness index, (b) the effectiveness of the subdivision of road classification, and (c) the comparison of slipperiness indexes with the actual friction coefficients. To address the first problem, the road conditions were investigated for 1 month with the cooperation of 10 taxi companies. It was found that the subjective slipperiness index was more sensitive to changes in weather conditions than the road classifications, and that icy roads do not always correspond to slippery roads. That is, there was a limitation on expressing road conditions by road classification. For the second problem, a similar investigation was performed by subdividing the road conditions into more classes. It was concluded that the subdivision of road classification is not so effective in precisely representing the slipperiness of roads. For the third problem, it was clarified that the subjective slipperiness indexes more or less agree with the actual friction coefficients. As for the results, the slipperiness index showed potential for use in snow and ice control systems.

Framework Administered Account for Selected Fund Activities - United States Subaccount for Selected Fund Activities

Policy Papers ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 (70) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Military Intervention ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Program Review ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Country Report ◽  
The Third ◽  
Donor Support ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Imf

Niger’s macroeconomic performance and policies through end-January 2010 were assessed in the IMF Country Report No. 10/146, issued following the completion of the third program review under the arrangement under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) from the IMF. Since the military intervention in February, the near-term growth outlook has weakened, reflecting the intensity of the food crisis and some contraction in public spending, but the outlook for 2011 is broadly favorable provided that budgetary policies remain appropriately cautious, that normal weather conditions prevail, and that donor support for Niger picks up.

scholarly journals Summer Ozone Concentrations in Zagreb Area

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Gordana Pehnec ◽  
Vladimira Vađić ◽  
Ivan Bešlić ◽  
Silva Žužul
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
The South ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Zagreb Area

Summer Ozone Concentrations in Zagreb AreaOzone concentrations were measured at three sites in Zagreb (Croatia) in the summer of 2005. Two measuring sites were in urban areas, while the third site was in a rural area about 30 km to the south from the centre of Zagreb. Hourly ozone averages varied between 1 μg m-3 and 209 μg m-3. Average concentrations were the lowest in the rural area, even though elevated concentrations were recorded occasionally. However, the weather conditions during measurements were untypical for that time of the year; over the summer of 2005 there were many rainy and cloudy days. Ozone concentrations at all three sites were the highest on Saturdays and Sundays, and the lowest on Thursdays. All the results were analysed with regard to the meteorological conditions (wind velocity and direction, temperature, relative humidity).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document