Fat-tailed Awassi and German Mutton Merino sheep under semi-arid conditions: 3. Body temperatures and panting rate

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Degen
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Brain Temperature ◽  
External Auditory Meatus ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Skin Temperatures ◽  
Semi Arid

SummaryRectal, external auditory meatus and skin temperatures and panting rates were measured in native fat-tailed Awassi and imported German Mutton Merino (GMM) sheep. The Awassi evolved under desert conditions, have a localized fat deposit, coarse carpet wool, long pendulous ears and long, spiral horns (males). In contrast, the GMM evolved under temperate conditions, have well-distributed fat, medium fine wool, short, straight ears and are polled. The study was carried out during the summer in the northern part of the Negev desert.The mean daily rectal temperature fluctuation was higher (P < 0·01) in the GMM than in the Awassi (1·78 °C v. 1·08 °C). The external auditory meatus temperature was lower than the rectal temperature by 1·5 °C in the GMM and by 1·7 °C in the Awassi, indicating a cooler brain temperature. The maximum skin temperature was similar to the maximum rectal temperature in both breeds, thus sweating was of little importance. The panting rate of the GMM increased fivefold (40·6–199·4 pants/min) whilst the rate of the Awassi increased fourfold (35·3–135·0 pants/min). There was no between-breed difference in either the rectal temperature or panting rate until 25–30 °C ambient temperature and it is thought that the higher rectal temperature of the GMM at this ambient temperature might have triggered off the higher panting rate. It seems that the GMM use panting to a greater extent than the Awassi whereas the Awassi dissipate heat through the skin more efficiently than the GMM. It is concluded that both breeds are thermostable, much of the between-breed difference in rectal temperature can be attributed to their anatomical differences.

The effect of increased rectal temperature on nitrogen metabolism in Brahman cross and Shorthorn X Hereford steers fed on lucerne chaff

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Vercoe
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

A study was made of the effect on nitrogen metabolism of increasing the rectal temperature of Brahman cross and British steers on controlled feed intake. When the rectal temperature of the British steers was 1.3 °C higher than that of the Brahman cross steers, they excreted 13.5 g urinary nitrogen per day more than the Brahman cross. When the Brahman cross steers had a rectal temperature 1.3 °C higher than the British, they excreted 8.7 g urinary nitrogen per day more than the British steers. At the same nitrogen intake there was no significant breed difference in the increase in urinary nitrogen per degree rise in rectal temperature. Increasing the rectal temperature had a small effect on appetite but did not affect the apparent nitrogen digestibility; the concentration of nitrogen in the faecal dry matter was higher under the heat treatment. The ambient temperature at which rectal temperatures were increased by 1.3 °C was about 31°C for the British steers and 45° for the Brahman cross steers. At the increased rectal temperature the Brahman cross steers drank significantly more water than the British steers although faecal and urinary water losses were similar.

The effect of pre-mating nutrition and exposure to the presence of rams on the onset of puberty in Awassi ewe lambs under semi-arid conditions

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kassem ◽  
J. B. Owen ◽  
I. Fadel
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Awassi Sheep ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Intensive System

ABSTRACTTwo experiments are described investigating the possibility of advancing puberty in Awassi ewe lambs kept under semi-arid conditions in mid Syria using 197 single ewe lambs in 1982 and 165 in 1984. In both years, the animals were allocated to three groups each given different levels of supplementation with a barley/chopped straw mixture to achieve different levels of pre-mating growth (high, medium and low). In 1984, the three groups were further subdivided into four subgroups each given continuous exposure to teaser rams from different ages. These were 175, 200 and 230 days of age and a control group not given continuous access to the ram. The results for the two experiments showed that a higher proportion of ewe lambs on the high and medium treatments showed oestrus in their first season (H = 88%, M = 72%, L = 41%; P < 0·01). The high level of nutrition also advanced the mean date of first oestrus in the high group by 22 and the age at conception by 16·5 days as compared with the low level.In the second experiment, no interaction between feeding level and presence of ram was observed and although there were no significant effects on occurrence of oestrus, continuous exposure to vasectomized rams from 175 days reduced mean age at first oestrus by 16 and age at conception by 19 days as compared with the unexposed controls.It is concluded that these practices have important implications for the efficient use of semi-arid range land by Awassi sheep on a semi-intensive system.

scholarly journals Respon Fisiologis dan Kualitas Susu Sapi Perah Friesian Holstein pada Musim Kemarau Panjang di Dataran Tinggi

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Elmy Mariana ◽  
Didik Nurul Hadi ◽  
Nur Qoim Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRAK. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari respon fisiologi, produksi dan kualitas susu sapi perah Frisian Holstein pada akhir musim kemarau panjang di Balai Pengembangan Ternak Sapi Perah dan Hijauan Makanan Ternak (BPT-SP HMT) Cikole, Lembang, Bandung.  Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Parameter mikroklimat yang diamati antara lain adalah temperatur lingkungan, kelembaban relatif, kecepatan angin, radiasi sinar matahari dalam kandang dan Temperature-Humidity Index (THI). Respon fisiologis yang diamati meliputi suhu rektal, suhu kulit, suhu tubuh, frekuensi respirasi dan denyut jantung. Nilai rerata THI (73.93±5.51) menunjukkan sapi perah berada dalam kondisi  stress ringan. Nilai rerata dari suhu rektal, suhu kulit, suhu tubuh, frekuensi respirasi dan denyut jantung secara berurutan 37.94±0.20°C; 32.15±1.25°C; 37.13±0.32°C; 39.13 ±3.00 dan 79.74±6.19. Nilai rerata persentase bahan kering, lemak dan protein susu secara berurutan 10,19 ± 0,72, 2,14 ± 0,38 dan 2,50 ± 0,32. Temperatur lingkungan yang tinggi  mempengaruhi respon fisiologis antara lain peningkatan denyut jantung yang lebih tinggi dari normal dan kualitas susu yang lebih rendah.   (Physiological responses and milk qualities of holstein friesian during long dry season at high altitude)ABSTRACT. The objectives of this study were to evaluate physiological responses and milk qualities of dairy cows in Balai Pengembangan Ternak Sapi Perah dan Hijauan Makanan Ternak (BPT-SP HMT) Cikole West Bandung at the end of long dry season. Samples were determined by using purposive sampling method. Microclimate parameters  were included  ambient temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, solar radiation and temperature-humidity index (THI). Physiological responses consisted of rectal temperature, skin temperature, body temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate. The mean value of THI (73.93±5.51) showed that dairy cows suffered by heat stress. The mean value of rectal temperature, skin temperature, body temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate were 37.94±0.20°C; 32.15±1.25°C; 37.13±0.32°C; 39.13±3.00 and 79.74±6.19 consecutively. The average percentage value of dry matter, fat and protein content in milk were 10.19±0.72, 2.14±0.38 and 2.50±0.32. High ambient temperature and low relative humidity affected physiological responses such as pulse rate that higher than normal,  and  lower milk yield.

The thermal response of sheep to a hot environment in different years

1995 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. McCrabb ◽  
G. Bortolussi ◽  
L. M. Hennoste ◽  
B. J. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Consecutive Measurement ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Semi Arid

SUMMARYThe aim of this experiment was to determine whether the thermal responses ofsheep exposed to a hot environment were similar in different years. Rectal temperaturesofsheep were measured during the hot months (between November and March) of three consecutive years (1990/91, 1991/92, 1992/93) in a flock of Merino sheep (n = 151) in the semi–arid tropics of northern Australia. Mean daily maximum temperatures in these months were 36±0·4, 39±0·3 and 37±0·3°C in Years 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In Year 1, rectal temperatures were measured on 3 consecutive days;the repeatability was 0·47 at 08·00 h and 0·64 at 16·00 h. In Year 1, two sub-groups were identified according to measurements of rectal temperature, low body temperature(LBT; n = 35) sheep, whose rectal temperature was ≤ 39·8°C at 16·00 h on each of the 3 consecutive measurement days, and high body temperature (HBT; n = 32) sheep, whose rectal temperature was ≥ 39·9°C. The rectal temperatures of LBT and HBT sheep were then measured during the subsequent 2 years. Rectal temperatures of HBT sheep were significantly higher than those of LBT sheep at both 08·00 and 16·00 h, in both Year 2 and Year 3. Rectal temperatures at 16·00 h in Year 1 were correlated (P < 0.001) with rectal temperatures at 16·00 h in both Year 2 (r = 0·79) and Year 3 (r = 0.82), respectively. It was concluded that measurement of rectal temperature in sheep exposed to a hot environment in any oneyear is an accurate index of their rectal temperatures during subsequent years.

TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-495
Author(s):  
Forrest H. Adams ◽  
Tetsuro Fujiwara ◽  
Robert Spears ◽  
Joan Hodgman
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
High Ambient Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
The Mean

Sixteen serial observations of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, R.Q., respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and skin blood flow were made on six premature infants ranging in age from 3 hours to 12 days and weighing from 1.14 to 1.94 kg, utilizing a specially designed climatized chamber at neutral (32-34°C), low (21-23°C), and high (36-38°C) ambient temperatures. Ten premature infants ranging in age from 2½ hours to 18 days were studied at high (36-38°C) ambient temperature. At low ambient temperature, there was a mean increase of 63% in oxygen consumption even in infants under 24 hours of age. At the end of the rewarming period, rectal temperature, which had been lowered during a 20-minute exposure to 21-23°C, nearly recovered to the original level in infants in both of the age groups of 0 to 24 hours and 2 to 5 days, whereas in the 6 to 12 day old group, it returned faster than the former two and it was increased by 0.32 to 1.9°C (mean 0.9°C). At 36-38°C, ambient temperature, the mean oxygen consumption increased 18% in infants ages 2½ to 7½ hours, whereas there was no significant increase in infants ages 10 to 18 days. Sweating and significant vasodilatation generally did not occur even in the older infants. The respiratory rate was increased in most infants. It is suggested that heat loss through the respiratory tract might be important to the premature infant who has a lack of evaporative means at high ambient temperature.

Seasonality in wool growth under semi-arid conditions

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Elsherbiny ◽  
B. Markotić
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Genotype X Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Genotype X Environment ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Semi Arid

SummaryWool samples from 49 ewes representing four breeds of sheep, Ossimi, Rahmani, Barki and Merino were used to study the seasonal variation in wool growth. The first three breeds are of the local carpet-wool types of Egypt.Consistent differences were found between breeds in diameter and length of fibres (i.e. genetic effects). These effects were not modified by the environment (i.e. time of year) although the latter had different effects on diameter than on length. Medullation, however, was not consistent from breed to breed in all seasons (i.e. there was genotype x environment interaction). It is concluded that seasonality in wool growth exists under the semi-arid conditions of Egypt in local breeds but to a lesser extent in imported Merino sheep.

scholarly journals Indirect Selection of Tolerant Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes under Semi Arid Conditions Based on the Numerical Images Analysis Indices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hocine Bendada ◽  
Ali Guendouz ◽  
Ramdane Benniou ◽  
Nasreddine Louahdi
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

Image analysis systems have been increasingly utilized for the assessment of plant growth and health for decades. We used in this study the software Mesurim Pro to evaluate the variation of the leaf reflectance at Red, Green and Blue and the variation of the senescence parameters. The analysis of variance revealed that the reflectance at different wavelengths (Red, Blue and Green) was highly significant genotypes effects (P 0.001); for this parameter the good genotypes are those we have the lowest values such as G19. In addition, the preferable genotypes were those which have low values for the mean senescence and senescence velocity; based on this raison the best genotype was the introduce genotype G12. The genotypes effect was significant for the grain yield and thousand-kernel weight, for the chlorophyll content and the analysis of variance showed a significant effect of genotypes, the highest values registered by the introduced genotype G5 this one was in the same homogenize group of G2, G4, G8 and G18. The ranking of genotypes based on all parameters suggested that the genotypes G11, G12, G5, G15 and G18, respectively (introduce genotypes) were the ideal genotypes under these conditions.

A note on increasing lamb production of fat-tailed Awassi and German Mutton Merino sheep grazing in a semi-arid area

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Degen ◽  
R. W. Benjamin ◽  
E. Eyal
Keyword(s):  
Arid Area ◽  
Negev Desert ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Semi Arid

The native fat-tailed Awassi and the imported German Mutton Merino (GMM) sheep are well adapted to semi-arid conditions (Degen, 1977; Degen and Shkolnik, 1978). This enables these sheep to graze large areas of the Negev Desert in Israel that is marginal for farming. However, under extensive conditions both these sheep breeds yield low lamb crops producing fewer than 1·0 lamb per ewe per year.

Thermoregulatory responses to altering hypothalamic temperature in the harbor seal

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
pp. R18-R26 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Hammel ◽  
R. W. Elsner ◽  
H. C. Heller ◽  
J. A. Maggert ◽  
C. R. Bainton
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Harbor Seal ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Hypothalamic Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Regulate Body Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperatures

The rostral brainstem of the harbor seal Phoca vitulina was cooled and heated 33-41 degrees C while oxygen consumption and rectal, hypothalamic, flipper and dorsal skin temperatures were measured. These experiments were made on restrained seals at ambient temperatures -15 to 30 degrees C. Cooling the preoptic and hypothalamic (POH) tissue increased oxygen consumption in a way that could be approximated by a linear regression line with slope and threshold temperature at which the metabolic rate was minimal. The slope of the regression line was a function of ambient temperature and rectal temperature. At each ambient temperature, the slope was significantly higher for lower rectal temperature. At all rectal temperatures, the slope was significantly higher for lower ambient temperature. The threshold hypothalamic temperatures did not very consistently or significantly with either rectal temperature or ambient temperature. These results on the harbor seal are explicable by suggesting that the thermal-sensitive and reference neurons in the POH which regulate body temperature are inhibited equally by extrahypothalamic cold transducing neural elements.

Effect of season on thermoregulatory responses and energy expenditure of goats on semi-arid range in India

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. SHINDE ◽  
RAGHAVENDRA BHATTA ◽  
S. K. SANKHYAN ◽  
D. L. VERMA
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Semi Arid

A study of the physiological responses and energy expenditure of goats was carried out from June 1999 to May 2000 by conducting two experiments: one on bucks maintained on stall feeding in autumn 1999 (Expt 1) followed by year-round grazing on native ranges over three seasons: monsoon, winter and summer (Expt 2). Physiological responses and energy expenditure (EE) measurements of housed and grazing goats were recorded at 06.00 h and 14.00 h for 5 consecutive days in each season. Goats were fixed with a face mask and meteorological balloon for collection of expired air and measurement of EE. Respiration rate (RR) at 06.00 h was similar in all seasons (14 respiration/min) except in the monsoon, where a significantly (P<0.05) higher value (26 respiration/min) was recorded. At 14.00 h, RR was higher in monsoon and summer (81 and 91 respiration/min) than in winter (52 respiration/min). Irrespective of the season, heart rate (HR) was higher at 14.00 h (86 beat/min) than at 06.00 h (64 beat/min). The rise of rectal temperature (RT) from morning (06.00 h) to peak daily temperature (14.00 h) was 0.9 °C in housed goats in autumn and 1.0, 2.1 and 2.0 °C in grazing goats during monsoon, winter and summer, respectively. The mean value was 1.7 °C. Skin temperature (ST) was lowest in winter (30.1 °C) and highest at 14.00 h in summer (40.3 °C). Energy expenditure of goats at 06.00 h was 32.7 W in winter and significantly (P<0.05) increased to 52.0 W in summer and 107.8 W in monsoon. At 14.00 h, EE was 140.2 W in winter and increased to 389.0 W and 391.3 W respectively in monsoon and summer. It is concluded that monsoon and summer are both stressful seasons in semi-arid regions. Animals should be protected from direct solar radiation during the hottest hours of the day to ameliorate the effect of heat stress.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document