Red cell electrolyte distribution and its possible significance in zebu cattle

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Respiratory Effort ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYTwo breeds of zebu viz. Hariana and Sahiwal were examined for the possible existence of red cell K+ polymorphism. All the animals examined appeared to be LK type. However, red cell K+ concentration varied rather widely between 7 and 50 m-equiv/1. Within the major LK type three distinct subtypes, tentatively designated as low low (LLK), medium low (MLK) and high low (HLK) were observed. The mean red cell K+ concentration in the various subtypes in the same order were 12·5, 19·5 and 38·0 m-equiv/1 respectively. LLK animals were significantly more frequent in the Sahiwal than in the Hariana breed. The possible genetic basis of the occurrence of these subtypes within the major LK type is discussed.LLK animals had significantly higher pcv, Hb and RBC, than MLK animals. The WBC and plasma protein values were also higher, though not significantly, in the former group. In addition, animals of the LLK subtype showed consistently lower rectal temperature at comparable levels of respiratory effort under conditions of thermal stress than MLK animals.

Influence of water temperature on oxygen uptake by swimming rats

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1215-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Baker ◽  
Steven M. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neutral Water

Oxygen uptake and rectal temperature of ten rats forced to swim to exhaustion or for 45 min in cold, hot, and thermoneutral water were measured during swimming. In 20 C water rats swam for 12.6 min and had a final rectal temperature of 26.9 C. In 42 C water the mean swimming time was 14.1 min and the final rectal temperature was 42.6 C. All rats swam for 45 min in water of 37 C, and the final rectal temperature was not different from the preswim temperature. Oxygen uptake during swimming in 37 C water rose and stabilized at a rate of about three times basal in a pattern suggesting that the swimming work was moderate. Animals swimming in cold and hot water were exhausted before their oxygen uptakes stabilized, but the increasing oxygen uptakes during the early parts of these swims were similar to that in neutral water. It appeared that while the metabolic rate was adjusted to the level of work and was not greatly affected by severe changes in body temperature, alterations in body temperature profoundly influenced the duration of work in the hot or cold environments. exercise and thermal stress; exercise metabolism Submitted on March 23, 1964

Adaptive significance of red cell potassium types in buffaloes

1974 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Haematological Indices

SUMMARYThe possible adaptive significance of the occurrence of HK and LK red-cell types in Murrah buffaloes was investigated. Judged by haematological indices and thermorespiratory responses under conditions of moderate thermal stress, LK animals appeared to have a greater adaptive potential than HK animals in a hot arid environment. Dry matter percentage, packed cell volume (pcv), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood corpuscles (RBC) and plasma protein values were significantly higher in LK-type animals. In addition, under identical conditions of thermal stress the LK animals exhibited significantly less rise in rectal temperature and respiratory rate than the HK animals.

Effects of NO-Donors on Thrombus Formation and Microcirculation in Cerebral Vessels of the Rat

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (01) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuto Sasaki ◽  
Junji Seki ◽  
John C Giddings ◽  
Junichiro Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Velocity ◽  
Red Cell Velocity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wall Shear ◽  
Dose Dependent

SummarySodium nitroprusside (SNP) and 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), are known to liberate nitric oxide (NO). In this study the effects of SNP and SIN-1 on thrombus formation in rat cerebral arterioles and venules in vivo were assessed using a helium-neon (He-Ne) laser. SNP infused at doses from 10 Μg/kg/h significantly inhibited thrombus formation in a dose dependent manner. This inhibition of thrombus formation was suppressed by methylene blue. SIN-1 at a dose of 100 Μg/kg/h also demonstrated a significant antithrombotic effect. Moreover, treatment with SNP increased vessel diameter in a dose dependent manner and enhanced the mean red cell velocity measured with a fiber-optic laser-Doppler anemometer microscope (FLDAM). Blood flow, calculated from the mean red cell velocity and vessel diameters was increased significantly during infusion. In contrast, mean wall shear rates in the arterioles and venules were not changed by SNP infusion. The results indicated that SNP and SIN-1 possessed potent antithrombotic activities, whilst SNP increased cerebral blood flow without changing wall shear rate. The findings suggest that the NO released by SNP and SIN-1 may be beneficial for the treatment and protection of cerebral infarction

Simultaneous Red Cell and Plasma Protein Indicator-Dilution Curves Across the Peripheral Circulation During Open-Heart Surgery

Circulation ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 33 (4s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
STANLEY GIANNELLI ◽  
STEPHEN M. AYRES ◽  
WILLIAM I. WOLFF ◽  
META BUEHLER ◽  
E. FOSTER CONKLIN
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Indicator Dilution ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Open Heart ◽  
Dilution Curves

Neonatal Polycythemia: II. Plasma, Blood, and Red Cell Volume Estimates in Relation to Hematocrit Levels and Quality of Intrauterine Growth

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Yves W. Brans ◽  
Donna L. Shannon ◽  
Rajam S. Ramamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Volume Estimates

Volumes of plasma (PV), blood (BV), and red cells (RCV) were estimated within 32 hours of birth in 39 neonates with normal growth, 14 neonates with intrauterine growth retardation, and 20 neonates with macrosomia. Total PV, BV, and RCV increased linearly with birth weight and were unaffected by deviation in the quality of fetal growth. In proportion to body weight, PV/kg, BV/kg, and RCV/kg correlated neither with birth weight nor with the quality of intrauterine growth. Neonates with umbilical vein hematocrit (UV Hct) levels 51% to 60%, 61% to 65%, and 66% to 77% had progressively lower, but not statistically different, mean PV/kg (38.1 ± 4.49, 37.6 ± 5.41, and 34.8 ± 5.16 ml/kg, respectively). On the other hand, they had progressively higher mean BV/kg (90 ± 10.1 vs 101 ± 13.7 ml/kg, P < .002, and vs 110 ± 19.0 ml/kg, P < .001). They also had progressively higher mean RCV/kg (52 ± 7.4, 64 ± 8.7, and 75 ± 16.4 ml/kg, P < .001). Although PV/kg did not correlate with UV Hct, both BV/kg and RCV/kg increased linearly with increasing UV Hct (r = .58 and r = .79, respectively). Volume estimates were repeated after partial exchange transfusion in 29 neonates. Mean UV Hct decreased from 63 ± 5.9% preexchange to 51 ± 5.2% postexchange (P < .001), mean PV increased from 37.7 ± 5.56 to 47.6 ± 7.99 ml/kg (P < .001) and mean RCV decreased from 67 ± 16.5 to 51 ± 12.3 ml/kg (P < .001). Despite precautions to keep the partial exchange isovolemic, mean BV decreased from 105 ± 18.7 to 98 ± 18.0 ml/kg (P = .001) and the mean PV increase (10 ml/kg) was less than the mean RCV decrease (16 ml/kg). These data suggest that neonates with polycythemia have normal PV but their RCV and BV are elevated in direct proportion to UV Hct. "Isovolemic" partial exchange transfusion decreases UV Hct, RCV, and BV and increases PV.

Analysis of Red Cell Mass and Plasma Volume in Patients With Polycythemia

2005 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mordechai Lorberboym ◽  
Naomi Rahimi-Levene ◽  
Helena Lipszyc ◽  
Chun K. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Red Cell Mass ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Iodine 125

Abstract Context.—Polycythemia describes an increased proportion of red blood cells in the peripheral blood. In absolute polycythemia, there is increased red cell mass (RCM) with normal plasma volume, in contrast with apparent polycythemia, in which there is increased or normal RCM and decreased plasma volume. In order to deliver the appropriate treatment it is necessary to differentiate between the two. Objective.—A retrospective analysis of RCM and plasma volume data are presented, with special attention to different methods of RCM interpretation. Design.—The measurements of RCM and plasma volume in 64 patients were compared with the venous and whole-body packed cell volume, and the incidence of absolute and apparent polycythemia was determined for increasing hematocrit levels. Measurements of RCM and plasma volume were performed using chromium 51–labeled red cells and iodine 125–labeled albumin, respectively. The measured RCM of each patient was expressed as a percentage of the mean expected RCM and was also defined as being within or outside the range of 2 SD of the mean. The results were also expressed in the traditional manner of mL/kg body weight. Results.—Twenty-one patients (13 women and 8 men) had absolute polycythemia. None of them had an increased plasma volume beyond 2 SD of the mean. When expressed according to the criteria of mL/kg body weight, 17 of the 21 patients had abnormally increased RCM, but 4 patients (19%) had a normal RCM value. Twenty-eight patients had apparent polycythemia. The remaining 15 patients had normal RCM and plasma volume. Conclusions.—The measurement of RCM and plasma volume is a simple and necessary procedure in the evaluation of polycythemia. In obese patients, the expression of RCM in mL/kg body weight lacks precision, considering that adipose tissue is hypovascular. The results of RCM are best described as being within or beyond 2 SD of the mean value.

Bovine trypanosomiasis: the red cell kinetics of Ndama and Zebu cattle infected withTrypanosoma congolense

Parasitology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Dargie ◽  
P. K. Murray ◽  
Max Murray ◽  
W. R. T. Grimshaw ◽  
W. I. M. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Isotopic Methods ◽  
Initial Drop ◽  
Bone Marrow Function ◽  
Cell Synthesis ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Cell Volumes ◽  
Erythropoietic Response

SUMMARYThe responses of susceptible Ndama and Zebu cattle to needle challenge withTrypanosoma congolensewere followed using parasitological, haematological and radio-isotopic methods and compared with those of corresponding uninfected animals. In both breeds, infection became patent at the same time but peak parasitaemias were significantly lower, were attained later and were of short duration in the Ndama. All infected animals became anaemic, the severity of which correlated with the level and duration of parasitaemia. However, even when parasites could no longer be detected in the blood, packed cell volumes showed little tendency to recover. The anaemia was due to increased intravascular red cell destruction and was more pronounced in the Zebu. Haemodilution was not a feature. Increased red cell synthesis occurred in infected animals of both breeds but particularly in the Zebu; this accounted for the capacity to maintain packed cell volume levels following the initial drop associated with parasitaemia. However, in most cases red cell synthesis was less than expected from the degree of anaemia, suggesting impairment of bone marrow function. Measurement of red cell iron utilization indicated that this was due to defective iron re-utilization from degraded red cells arising from reticulo-endothelial blockade. It is concluded that the anaemia in this disease and its underlying processes are broadly in line with the number of parasites in the blood and that the superior resistance of the Ndama cattle lies in their ability to control parasitaemia rather than their capacity to mount a more efficient erythropoietic response.

scholarly journals Haematological and Haemostatic Changes Associated with Major Depressive Disorder among Nigerians.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-245
Author(s):  
Oloruntoba A. Ekun
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Red Cell Indices ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background: A link between major depressive disorder (MDD) and haematological as well as co-agulation disorders has been postulated. This study aims to evaluate haematological and haemostatic changes among Nigerians with major depressive disorder Methods: Two hundred volunteers consisting of an equal number of individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) based on DMS-IV criteria and apparently healthy control participated in this study. The blood sample was collected into tri-sodium citrate K2EDTA bottles respectively and was evaluated for some haemostatic parameters , using ELISA, Clauss, Quick’s One Stage, Proctor and Rapaport’s methods. Results: The mean WBC, hemoglobin and differential lymphocyte were significantly higher among MDD total volunteers (p < 0.001). The red cell indices and platelet count were lower among MDD (p <0.001). Also the prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen, protein-C and erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR) were all raised (p <0.001) among volunteers with MDD. Positive associations existed be-tween MCV and RBC (r: 0.364; p<0.001), PT and APTT (r: 0.319 p <0.001), APTT and fibrinogen (r: 0.239, p = 0.017) as well as PT and fibrinogen (r: 0.275 p = 0.006) at 95% confidence interval. Conclusion: Changes in total leucocytes count, lymphocytes values and haemostatic parameters among volunteers with depression may impacts deleterious effects on the immune response as well as haemostatic homeostasis, while decreased red cell indices may suggest occult nutritional anaemia.

Studies on the habits of zebu cattle. III. Water consumption of Zebu cattle

1955 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. L. Rollinson ◽  
K. W. Harker ◽  
J. I. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean

In continuation of a series of studies on the habits of Zebu cattle, records for the quantities of water consumed every hour by ten cattle during twenty periods of 24 hr. observations have been analysed.A large variation in day-to-day consumption was evident, but water was taken on an average during 8 hr. of the day with only a small amount of water consumed during darkness. The mean consumption per animal per 24 hr. period was 9·04 kg. (1·9 gal.). The range was 5·1–12·7 kg. (1·1–2·8 gal.).The water consumption records were subdivided into those days on which water was drunk during a small number of hours and those days when water was drunk during many hours. Although the hourly consumption differed markedly the end result showed a similar intake.A significant negative relationship was found between water consumed and grazing counts, and for one group a significant positive correlation was found between water consumption and dry air temperature.

Role of thermal and exercise factors in the mechanism of hypervolemia

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Convertino ◽  
J. E. Greenleaf ◽  
E. M. Bernauer
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Thermal Factor ◽  
Albumin Content ◽  
Exercise Induced

Our purpose was to determine whether the chronic increase in plasma volume (PV), resulting from heat exposure (HE) and exercise training (ET), was due only to elevated rectal temperature (Tre) or whether there were additional nonthermal factors related to the exercise. Eight men were divided into two groups. The HE group sat for 2 h/day (Tdb = 42 degrees C, 93% rh) for 8 consecutive days; Tre was raised by 1.72 +/- 0.04 degrees C to 38.5 degrees C each day. The ET group rode a bicycle ergometer for 2 h/day for 8 days (Tdb = 25 degrees C, 60% rh) at a load (60-65 Vo2max) that gave the same area under their Tre curve. PV increased by 177 ml (4.9%, P less than 0.05) in the HE group and by 427 ml (12.0%, P less than 0.05) in the ET group. This exercise-induced hypervolemia was associated with thermal factor(s) that contributed 40% and nonthermal factors that accounted for the remaining 60%. Some nonthermal, exercise-induced factors were twofold greater increases in plasma osmotic and vasopressin levels during exercise, and a fivefold increase in resting plasma protein (albumin) content.

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