The growth and development of the beef qualities of Angoni cattle (East African shorthorn zebu). Part II. Linear growth and carcass characters

1964 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
East African ◽  
Basic Work

Part I described the growth of Angoni cattle as shown by changes in live weight. This Part deals with proportional growth as shown by linear growth and carcass characters.LINEAR GROWTHA virtually complete summary of the basic work on linear growth has been given by Brody (1945) and specific references will therefore be quoted only as required for discussion.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF HEIFERS OF THE CREATED SIMМENTAL MEAT BREED

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
L. O. Dedova ◽  
M. I. Bashchenko ◽  
Yu. V. Vdovychenko
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Hip Joints ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Coefficient Of Variability ◽  
Related Group ◽  
Good Energy

Introduction. When creating the Simmental beef breed of cattle during many years carried out researches to study the effectiveness of the use of meat Simmentals of foreign selection in crossbreeding with cows of Simmental breed of domestic selection. Were created the herds of the desirable type by breeding "in themselves" animals, that meet the requirements of the target standard, formed a genealogical structure. Now carry out the work with related groups of cattle of the created Simmental meat breed, which are the basis for the creation of further lines, but the growth and development of animals of different related groups have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, the study problems of growth and development of repair heifers of different related groups has not only theoretical, but also practical importance. The purpose of our researches was to study the dynamics of linear growth and weight development of heifers of different related groups of the created Simmental meat breed. Research materials and methods. The researches was carried out on heifers of different related groups of the created Simmental meat breed in PJSC "Dniprovske" of Boryspil district of Kyiv region. To analyze the growth and development of heifers were formed groups of animals depending on their belongings to related groups of 15 heads in each: I Group – Metz 5290; II – Achilles 369; III – Abricot 58311; IV – Huxla 19223; V – Hercules 8942 and VI – Signal 120. Research results. It was determined, that heifers of the II group, which belong to the related group of Achilles 369, by live weight at all ages of periods surpass to peers. Thus, at 18 months of age the advantage of heifers of the II group by live weight in comparison with to peers of the I, III, IV, V and VI groups was 4.1; 3.0; 5.0; 14.1 and 11.4 kg. In heifers of related groups Hercules 8942 and Signal 120, the coefficients of variability of live weight at birth in which were the lowest, and in the following age periods they little changed, therefore at 18 months of age in these heifers they were the highest, comparison with analogues, and was to 8.4 and 9.2%, respectively. When studying the exterior of heifers of different related groups it was determined, that newborn heifers of the I group, which belong to the related group of Metz 5290, surpass their peers in height indicators. Their the height at the withers and the height at the sacrum were 74.0 and 79.1 cm, which is 0.6; 1.3; 2.1; 3.2 and 2.6 cm and is 0.3; 1.2; 2.9; 3.6 and 3.2 cm more than in analogues of the II, III, IV, V and VI groups, respectively. The best indicators of latitudinal measurements had the heifers of the III group, which belong to the related group Abricot 58311. In heifers of this group the width of the chest was 17.6 cm, width in the hip joints – 21.8 cm, width in the hips – 18.1 cm, and width in the ischial tubercles – 12.6 cm. The depth of the chest and the girth of the chest behind the shoulder blades were the highest in heifers of the I group, which belong to the related group of Metz 5290. They were 32.2 and 79.6 cm, respectively. When analyzing the measurements of heifers at 18 months of age, it was determined, that the height indicators had advantage by heifers of the II group, which belong to the related group of Achilles 369. Their, the height at the withers and height at the sacrum were 124.5 and 129.8 cm, which is 0.3; 1.3; 2.5; 5.3 and 4.2 cm and is 0.9; 2.2; 4.1; 6.6 and 5.9 cm more than in analogues of the I, III, IV, V and VI groups, respectively. The best indicators of latitudinal measurements had the heifers of the III group, which belong to the related group of Abricot 58311, since they had increases of measurements width of the chest, width in the hip joints, width in the hips and width in the ischial tubercles for the period from birth to 18 months of age the highest comparison with peers. Such indicators as depth of the chest and the girth of the chest behind the shoulder blades were highest in heifers of the II group, which belong to the related group of Achilles 369. Their increases of measurements depth of the chest and the girth of the chest behind the shoulder blades for the period from birth to 18 months of age also were highest comparison with peers and were 35.5 and 94.2 cm, respectively. Conclusions. It was determined, that the animals of the related group of Achilles 369 at all ages of periods had a large live weight in comparison with their analogues. The lowest coefficient of variability of live weight at 18 months of age was in heifers of the related group Abrikot 58311 and amounted to 6.5%. Heifers of the related group of Achilles 369 had the highest indicators of the following measurements: height at the withers (124.5 cm), height at the sacrum (129.8 cm), depth of the chest (67.4 cm), girth of chest behind the shoulder blades (173.1 cm) and oblique length of body (146.4 cm). The highest latitudinal measurements were observed in the heifers of the related group Abrikot 58311. Thus, the width of the chest was 49.9 cm, the width in the hip joints was 42.2 cm, the width in the hips was 43.3 cm, and the width in the ischial tubercles was 29.2 cm. Heifers of the related group Metz 5290 had the highest half-girth croup (110.2 cm) and girth of metacarpus (18.4 cm). In general, heifers of all groups showed good energy of growth and a typical for beef cattle exterior.

The effect of plane of nutrition on the growth and development of the East African dwarf goat. I. Effect of plane of nutrition on the live-weight gains and the external measurements of kids

1958 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
East African ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
The Third ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Farm Livestock

1. Fifty-five kids of the East African dwarf goat were used in the experiment. The kidding percentage was 107·8%, and the twinning percentage 12·7%; the proportion of twin births increased in the latter stages of the experiment, related to the longer period the late-kidding dams had spent on the rising plane of nutrition.2. The percentage of female kids to total kids born was 56·4%, male kids 43·6%. The mean birth weight of female kids was 4·5 lb., compared to 5·2 lb. for male kids.3. The sex difference in live-weight increase increased markedly after 16 weeks of age. The growth of females slowed down to approximately ½ lb. per head per week, whereas that of males continued to increase at the rate of approximately 1 lb. per head per week. H-plane female kids reached 33 lb. at 31 weeks, H-plane males achieved the same weight at 20 weeks of age.4. The effect of plane of nutrition on the live weights of experimental kids of both sexes was statistically significant as from the third week of age. H-plane kids reached 33 lb. live weight at approximately 26 weeks of age, L-plane kids at about 48 weeks.5. The kids initially placed on a L-plane of nutrition exhibited a marked resilience when switched to the H-plane. The live-weight gains after switching were for females as great as, and for males greater than, the gains made by kids on a H-plane of nutrition throughout the growing period.This recuperative capacity of animals changed from L to H levels of diet, at or before the point of inflexion of the growth curve, has now been clearly established for all types of farm livestock examined, the pig, the sheep, the chicken and the goat. Both sexes exhibited this capacity to recover from initial low-plane feeding.

The parameters of the weight and linear growth of young Red deer of Altai-Sayan breed

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
O. Matasheva ◽  
I. Prokhorov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
General State ◽  
Altai Republic ◽  
Relative Gain ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Relative Gains

Conformation features of animals, which are the external expression of the constitution play an important role in breeding work they can be judged on the productivity of the animal and the general state of the organism. The data on live weight, measurements and body indices of young Red deer of Altai-Sayan breed in LLC “Niva” in the Altai Republic have been presented in the article. The purpose of the research was to identify the features of growth and development of young Red deer of Altai-Sayan breed. Two groups of 10 animals in each have been formed. In the 1st group were included males, in the 2nd – females from birth to 18 months of age, which have been kept under the same conditions of feeding and housing. Studies have shown the gain in live weight of young animals in the period from birth to one and a half years. At the end of the experiment males had a live weight of 168,5 kg and surpassed females by 20,4 kg. Data on the average daily, absolute and relative gains in the live weight of young Red deer have been also obtained. The absolute gain in live weight in males from birth to the end of the experiment was 152,0 kg, and in females it was 132,6 kg. The relative gain from birth to the age of 6 months was 136,50 % in males and 141,44 % in females, while from 12 to 18 months it decreased to 26,35 % in males and 30,23 % in females. Comparative analysis of measurements of the two groups has shown that males were taller and larger than female Red deer during the whole period of studies by 3–6 %.

USING THE KAZAKH WHITE-HEADED BREED TO INCREASE BEEF IN THE FLAT PROVINCE OF DAGESTAN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.М. САДЫКОВ ◽  
М.П. АЛИХАНОВ ◽  
А.Г. СИМОНОВ ◽  
Г.А. СИМОНОВ
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Experimental Group

Изучены рост и развитие бычков — помесей красной степной с казахской белоголовой породой в равнинной провинции Дагестана. Установлено, что помесный молодняк, по сравнению с чистопородным скотом красной степной породы, имеет более высокую живую массу при рождении на 1,8 кг, или 7,3%. При отъеме в 8-месячном возрасте помеси имели живую массу 210 кг против 187,6 кг у красного степного молодняка, что на 22,4 кг, или 11,9% выше. В 12-, 15- и 18-месячном возрасте живая масса помесных бычков равнялась 291,8 кг, 359,7 и 436,6 кг, соответственно, или на 28 кг, 36 и 45,8 кг больше по сравнению с красным степным скотом. Среднесуточные приросты помесных бычков за период выращивания и откорма составили 760 г, что выше на 12,1% по сравнению с чистопородным красным степным молодняком. После заключительного откорма и убоя помесные бычки дали тяжеловесные туши с хорошим поливом. По массе парной туши они превосходили чистопородных аналогов на 31,3 кг, или 15,6% с преимуществом выхода туши на 2,4%. Убойный выход у бычков опытной группы составил 58,7%, контрольной — 55,8%. От помесных бычков были получены тяжеловесные шкуры массой 27,1 кг, от чистопородных — 21,6 кг, преимущество по этому показателю имели помесные животные 5,5 кг, или 25,4%. Для увеличения производства говядины в равнинной провинции Дагестана рекомендуем скрещивание коров красной степной породы с быками казахской белоголовой породы. The growth and development of bulls of red steppe crossbreeds with the Kazakh white-headed breed in the flat province of Dagestan were studied. It was found that young crossbreed animals in comparison with purebred red steppe cattle have a higher live weight at birth by 1,8 kg or 7,3%. When weaning at 8 months of age, cross-bred bulls had a live weight of 210 kg against 187,6 kg in red steppe young, which is 22,4 kg, or 11,9% higher. At 12, 15 and 18 months of age, the live weight of crossbred bulls was 291,8 kg, 359,7 and 436,6 kg, respectively, or 28 kg, 36 and 45,8 kg more than the red steppe cattle. The average daily growth of cross-bred bulls during the growing and fattening period was 760 g compared to 678 g, that is, they were 12,1% higher compared to purebred red steppe young. After the final fattening and slaughter, the cross-bred bulls gave heavy carcasses with good watering. By weight of the paired carcass, they were superior to purebred counterparts by 31,3 kg or 15,6% with an advantage of 2,4% carcass yield. The slaughter yield of bulls in the experimental group was 58,7%, 55,8% in the control group, respectively, with an advantage in favor of crossbreeds of 2,9%. Heavy skins weighing 27,1 kg were obtained from crossbreed bulls, 21,6 kg from purebred ones, and crossbreed animals of 5,5 kg or 25,4% had an advantage in this indicator. Studies have shown that in order to increase beef production in the lowland province of Dagestan, it is necessary to use crossbreeding of the breeding stock of the red steppe breed with bulls of the Kazakh white-headed breed.

LIGHT MODE AND LUMINANCE DURING MULLARDS GROWING

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Mironova ◽  
◽  
M.V. Vlasov
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Light Mode ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Production Characteristics

The article discusses the technology of growing young mulard hybrid for subsequent fattening of fatty liver. They are given main production characteristics of growing — temperature conditions, illumination, and the duration of the light period. Data on the dynamics of live weight during cultivation from day old to 28 days, growth and development indicators of young mullards are given.

scholarly journals The correlation between dimensional characteristics, live weight and fluff and feather level of obroshynska gray and obroshynska white natural groups geese

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (74) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Zaplatynsky
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Natural Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Natural Groups

This article presents data on dynamics of linear growth and weight rates of obroshynska gray and obroshynska gray natural groups geese, factional fluff content, correlation coefficients between body weight and body sizes and amount of feathers. It has been found that male and female individuals of obroshynska gray natural group geese dominated by live weight of obroshynska white natural group geese. Particularly, this advantage in 90 days aged males was 549.4 (P < 0.05), in 120 days aged males – 635.6 (P < 0.01) and in 180 days aged males – 422.6 (P < 0.05) g, in females – 177.0, 461.8 (P < 0.01) and 401.8 g respectively. It has been also revealed the obroshynska gray natural group geese domination by researched body sizes in all geese ages, but it was only reliable in some cases. Geese of both sexes in both natural groups were characterized by high fluff and feather level. We investigated age, sex and interbreed differentiation on fluff and feather levels in studied geese groups. It should be noted that fluff and feather level was better in white geese indicating a better fluff and feather quality. The correlation coefficients between body weight and overall fluff and feather levels in females of obroshynska gray natural group geese dependent on ages and fluff and feather levels were between -0.30 – +0.63, in males – between -0.51 – +0.68 and in obroshynska white natural groups geese coefficients were between -0.29 – +0.70 and -0.30 до +0.82 respectively. It has been found the correlations between geese body sizes and fluff and feather levels. In males and females geese from abroshynska gray natural group depenent on ages, body sizes and fluff and feather levels coefficients were -0.49 – +0.81 and -0.76 – +0.88, and for obroshynska white natural group geese – -0.49 – +0.90 and -0.65 – +0.65.

The effect of plane of nutrition on the growth and development of the East African dwarf goat. Part II. Age changes in the carcass composition of female kids

1958 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
East African ◽  
Stages Of Growth

1. The age changes in carcass composition of female kids killed at birth, 9, 16, 25 and 30 lb. are described.2. The organs and tissues of the kids were weighed both wet and oven-dried, allowing the dry-matter percentages at different stages of growth to be calculated. The total dry-matter percentage for day-old kids averaged 26·5%, rising to a maximum of 40·5% at the 25 lb. stage. The greatest increase in dry-matter percentage was between birth and the 9 lb. stage, which was reached at approximately 1 month. This increase in dry matter is chiefly due to a steady rise in the dry-matter content of the muscular and skeletal tissues; from 20·2 to 25·4%, and from 34·3 to 59·6%, respectively, between birth and maturity.3. The various joints of the kid were weighed and recorded separately, and the changes in the proportions of the joints illustrated centripetal growth. At birth, the joints were present in the following proportions: thorax 30%; legs 40%; head 20%; pelvis 10%. As the kid developed, there was a marked increase in the proportion of thorax and pelvis, accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the proportion of the head and foreleg.

scholarly journals Adolescent Undernutrition: Global Burden, Physiology, and Nutritional Risks

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Christian ◽  
Emily R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Peak Height Velocity

Background: Adolescents, comprised of 10–19 year olds, form the largest generation of young people in our history. There are an estimated 1.8 billion adolescents in the world, with 90% residing in low- and middle-income countries. The burden of disease among adolescents has its origins in infectious and injury-related causes, but nutritional deficiencies, suboptimal linear growth, and undernutrition are major public health problems, even as overweight may be on the rise in many contexts. Summary and Key Messages: Girls are most vulnerable to the influences of cultural and gender norms, which often discriminate against them. Dietary patterns and physical activity, in addition to schooling and countervailing social norms for early marriage, influence health and nutritional well-being of adolescents. Nutrient requirements – ­including those for energy, protein, iron, calcium, and ­others – increase in adolescence to support adequate growth and development. In settings where dietary intakes are suboptimal, anemia and micronutrient deficiencies are high. Endocrine factors are essential for promoting normal adolescent growth and are sensitive to undernutrition. Growth velocity increases during puberty when peak height velocity occurs and catch-up is possible; in girls, about 15–25% of adult height is attained. A premature pregnancy can halt linear growth and increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes. Research is needed to fill the huge data gaps related to nutrition and growth during adolescence, in addition to testing interventions during this second window of opportunity to enhance growth and development, improve human capital, and to end the intergenerational cycle of growth failure.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SIMMENTAL BULLS DEPENDING ON PROGENY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
Daily Gain

In dairy cattle breeding, selection and breeding work is widely used in order to transfer the pedigree qualities of parents to the offspring and obtain highly productive young animals. In this regard, in the conditions of «Enbek» LLP in the Akmola region, the growth and development of young Simmental breed depending on the origin was studied. Live weight of Litera line young animals at birth was 33.4 kg, at the age of 6 months-174.9, 12 months-251.8, 18 months-387.1 kg, respectively, Wildfang bull 32.0 kg, 165.5 kg, 251.3 kg, 378.6 kg. The average daily gain between the ages of birth and 6 months was increased. With age, the body parameters, height at the withers, increased from 104.3 cm and 103.5 cm to 125.4 cm and 123.9 cm, respectively, from 6 months to 18 months of young animals. According to the physique indices, we can say that the young Simmental breed is balanced. Only some deviations of the leggy index are observed from the optimal indicators. The index of legginess decreases with age by 7.7%, with indicators of 6 months – by 57%, at the age of 18 months-by 49.3%. The extension index for the period from 6 to 18 months increased by 10.5%, respectively, for 6 months-by 103.3%, for 18 months-by 113.8%. With age and an increase in live weight, the body of young animals lengthens, its width increases, the animal becomes deeper and relatively long-legged. Depending on the origin, we suggest using the Litera bull line, taking into account the growth and development of young animals, and the productivity indicators of bulls.

Studies of growth and development in the young pig Part I. The carcass composition at 56 days of age of pigs reared along different growth curves

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. H. Elsley
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
The Difference

1. A comparison was made of the carcass composition at 56 days of age of early-weaned pigs grown along predetermined growth curves to 30, 40 and 50 lb. live weight and of suckled pigs grown to 50 lb. live weight at 56 days of age.Eight blocks of four pigs were slaughtered when 56 days old and comprehensive carcass dissections undertaken.2. There were no differences in the proportionate weight of the joints or of individual bones between the suckled and early-weaned pigs weighing 50 lb. at 56 days of age.The difference in the proportionate weights of the joints between the three groups of early-weaned pigs reflected the change in development which took place with increasing live weight. There was, however, no clear gradient of development along the bones of the limbs with increasing weight at 56 days of age.3. The dissected joints (hams, shoulders, neck, pelvis and loin) from the early-weaned pigs which weighed 50 lb. live weight contained 0·5% less bone, 1·5% less muscle and 1·7% more fat than the carcasses of suckled pigs reared to 50 lb. at 56 days of age.The dissected joints of the early-weaned pigs reared to 30 lb. at 56 days of age contained 1·4% more bone, 2·7% more muscle and 5·3% less fat than the joints of the early-weaned pigs reared to 40 lb. and 2·6% more bone, 5·2% more muscle and 8·8% less fat than the joints of early-weaned pigs reared to 50 lb.

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