Genetic evaluation of Ethiopian Boran cattle and their crosses with Holstein Friesian in central Ethiopia: reproductive traits

2008 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. HAILE ◽  
B. K. JOSHI ◽  
W. AYALEW ◽  
A. TEGEGNE ◽  
A. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Central Ethiopia ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Breeding Efficiency ◽  
The Individual

SUMMARYBreed additive and non-additive effects as well as genetic parameters for calving interval (CI), days open (DO), age at first service (AFS), age at first calving (AFC), number of services per first conception (NSC) and breeding efficiency (BE) were estimated in Ethiopian Boran cattle and their crosses with Holstein Friesian in central Ethiopia. The data analysed were spread over 15 years (1990–2004). The Ethiopian Boran cattle had longer CI and DO, lower BE and delayed AFS and AFC compared with all the crosses. However, there was no significant difference in NSC between the genetic groups. Comparison between the crosses revealed no clear cut superiority of any of the genetic groups except for CI and DO which were shorter for 0·50 and 0·875 crosses compared with the 0·75 crosses. The additive breed differences between Ethiopian Boran and Holstein Friesian for CI, DO, NSC and BE were not significant (P>0·05). These estimates are also associated with large standard errors. The non-significance of the otherwise large difference (40 days for CI for instance) between the two breeds could be a result of a large variation (and hence standard errors) associated with the traits. On the other hand, the estimates for additive direct effects for AFS and AFC were negative and significant (P<0·01). The estimates were −7±2·1 and −7±2·8 months, respectively. The individual heterosis values were not significant (P>0·05) for CI, DO, NSC and BE. However, significant (P<0·01) estimates for AFS and AFC (P<0·05) were recorded. None of the maternal heterotic effects for reproduction traits were significant (P>0·05) except for AFC, for which positive (2·9 months) and significant (P<0·05) estimates were obtained. Heritabilities of CI, DO, AFS, AFC, NSC and BE for crosses were 0·1±0·046, 0·1±0·047, 0·6±0·145, 0·7±0·159, 0·1±0·071 and 0·6±0·156, respectively. Selection coupled with improved herd reproductive management should substantially improve the reproductive performance of the indigenous Ethiopian Boran breed under such production system.

MEAT QUALITY EVALUATION AT THREE SLAUGHTER WEIGHTS OF STEERS FROM THE HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN BREED AND ITS CROSSES WITH MAINE-ANJOU, LIMOUSIN, CHIANINA and BLONDE D'AQUITAINE.

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. LALANDE ◽  
M. H. FAHMY ◽  
E. LARMOND
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
First Year ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Cooking And Eating Quality

Cooking and eating quality of steers slaughtered at 454, 544 or 635 kg liveweight were studied in two experiments carried out over 2 yr. In the first year, Maine-Anjou × Holstein (MH), Limousin × Holstein (LH) and pure Holstein (H1) were involved, in the second year, the genetic groups were Chianina × Holstein (KH), Blonde d'Aquitaine × Holstein (BH) and pure Holstein (H2). Within each slaughter weight, there were no differences among the genetic groups with respect to cooking rates or weight loss during cooking in either year. H1 steers had the best flavor at 635 kg and H2 at 454 kg. In both years, Holstein steers attained their best tenderness at 635 kg. No difference in juiciness at the different weights was observed in either year for Holsteins. LH steers were significantly more tender and juicy at 635 kg than at 454 kg whereas BH were more tender and juicy at 544 than at 635 kg. The KH steers attained their best tenderness and juiciness at 454 kg. MH steers had similar scores for flavor, tenderness and juiciness at the three slaughter weights. At 454 kg Holstein steers were significantly superior to MH and LH steers in flavor, to MH steers in tenderness and to LH, BH and KH steers in juiciness. At 544 kg the only significant difference between Holstein and crossbred steers was that with BH in juiciness. At 635 kg the Holstein steers were significantly superior to BH steers in juiciness but inferior in tenderness. All the differences among the crosses were nonsignificant except at 544 kg in which KH had more flavor than BH steers. Key words: Meat quality, slaughter weight, Holstein-Freisian beef × dairy crosses

scholarly journals Animals Breeding Efficiency According to the Phenotype of their Offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S3) ◽  
pp. 1501-1510
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Efficiency ◽  
High Level

The paper aims to identify the best animals with the optimal variant of selection traits in dairy cattle breeding by studying the breeding and genetic parameters (M, m, σ, Cv, r) of the basic dairy and reproductive traits of individuals and genetic groups, which make it possible to comprehensively assess the breeding efficiency of animals according to the phenotype of their offspring. The paper justifies characteristics of the seed bulls fixed for the breeding stock, and proposes basic principles of selection. The range of evaluated traits was expanded – from milk productivity and reproductive qualities to health indicators (longevity, somatic cell content in milk) and estimate of the animal body type (exterior). The correlation coefficient (g) between fat and protein was not standard: when selecting animals with a high content of protein in milk, only in 20% of cases the selected cows have a high level of fat

Comparative reproductive performance evaluation of Holstein Friesian cattle breeds in two different agro ecological conditions, Oromia region, Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Destaw Worku ◽  
Kefyalew Alemayehu ◽  
Mussie H/Melekote
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Friesian Cattle

SummaryComparative study was conducted at Alage and Ardaita Agricultural Technical and Vocational Education Training College dairy farm to evaluate the reproductive performance of Holstein Friesian (HF) and associated factors in the two farms. The data collected from 2000 to 2015 on reproductive traits (n= 1688) were analyzed using general linear model procedures of SAS version 9.2 (SAS, 2008). The result revealed that an overall least square means and standard errors for Age at first Service (AFS), Age at first calving (AFC), Calving interval (CI), Days open (DO) and Number of services per conception were 29.70 ± 0.49 months, 39.75 ± 0.53 months, 465.76 ± 7.22 days, 188.11 ± 7.22 days and 1.31 ± 0.04, respectively. AFC was significantly influenced by agro ecology (P&lt; 0.001) and year of birth (P&lt; 0.01). Besides this, agro ecology (P&lt; 0.001) and year of birth (P&lt; 0.05) was significantly influenced by AFC. Year of calving and parity had significant effect (P&lt; 0.001) on CI and DO. Except CI, agro ecology had significant effect on all traits. Service per conception was significantly influenced by agro ecology (P&lt; 0.05) and year of calving (P&lt; 0.01). Season of birth and season of calving was not significant on all reproductive traits. Except SPC, the result obtained for AFS, AFC, CI and DO were below the standard expected from commercial dairy farm. Poor efficiency of estrus detection and expression were the most probable management factors accounted for longer period of AFS, AFC, CI and DO. Improving the level of nutrition as well as efficiency of estrus detection system is required for optimal reproduction performance of HF breed in the area.

scholarly journals Productive and reproductive performance of Holstein Friesian crossbred and indigenous cow under small holder farming system

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJA Mamun ◽  
MAS Khan ◽  
MAH Sarker ◽  
MN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was done to investigate the productive and reproductive performances of Holstein Friesian crossbred (HF) and indigenous (IG) cows. A total 131 dairy cows of two genetic groups as IG (117 heads) and HF (14 heads) were selected randomly. The study found that the average milk yield per day of HF and IG cows were 7.64±1.74 and 1.75±0.07 liters/day, respectively. The milk yield was found significantly (p<0.01) higher in HF cows than of IG cows. The lactation period of HF was significantly (p<0.05) higher than of IG cows. Age at first calving of IG cows was significantly (p<0.01) 4 months higher than HF cows. The number of service per conception was almost similar for HF and IG cows. Higher significant difference was found in Post-partum oestrus (p<0.05), dry period (p<0.01), calving intervals (p<0.01) of IG than HF cows. The gestation length of HF and IG cows was significantly indifferent. Above biological studies mentioned better productive and reproductive performance of HF cows than IG cows.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2015. 44 (3):166-170

scholarly journals A GENETIC EVALUATION OF SOME REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS OF HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE IN FIVE SYRIAN DAIRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Omar Mardenli ◽  
Mahdi Saleh Mohammad Alkerwi ◽  
Hadi Awad Hassooni
Keyword(s):  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Friesian Cattle

Many of the reproductive traits in cows are affected by a group of factors, the most important of which are climatic conditions and the management of the herds. In this paper, the reproductive status of imported Holstein - Friesian cattle breed was evaluated in terms of breeding through the investigation for some traits under the influence of some factors. The records involved cow birth to first service trait (CBFS) (1101 records), cow birth to first days open trait (CBFDO) (1091 record), and age at first calving trait (AFC) (1083 record). The results of the study showed significant differences in CBFS, CBFDO, and AFC traits according to the year and season of birth (p <0.01), the lowest values were 19.33, 21.29 and 30.29 months (the year 2000) and 19.40,21.30 and 30.32 months (winter) respectively. Also. a significant difference (p <0.01) was noticed through the interaction between the year and season of birth and between the year of birth and total milk yield level (TMYL). Estimated heritability(h2) for CBFS, CBFDO, and AFC traits were 0.22,0.25 and 0.17 respectively. The study showed variation in estimated breeding values (EBVS) across sires within the reproductive traits. The first three lowest values were achieved by the sires 13,25 and 20, the values were -1.97, -1.87 and -1.86 months (CBFS trait), -2.33, -2.21 and -2.19 months (CBFDO trait), -2.32, -2.20 and -2.18 months (AFC trait) respectively. Based on current given results, it is advised to direct and intensify births during winter and spring seasons to obtain optimal reproductive performance of the herd later.

scholarly journals The Effect of Compositional Changes Due to Seasonal Variation on Milk Density and the Determination of Season-Based Density Conversion Factors for Use in the Dairy Industry

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Parmar ◽  
Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos ◽  
John T. Tobin ◽  
Eoin Murphy ◽  
Arleen McDonagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Compositional Variations

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of seasonal variation on milk composition and establish an algorithm to predict density based on milk composition to enable the calculation of season-based density conversion calculations. A total of 1035 raw whole milk samples were collected from morning and evening milking of 60 spring-calving individual cows of different genetic groups, namely Jersey, Elite HF (Holstein–Friesian) and National Average HF, once every two weeks for a period of 9 months (March–November, 2018). The average mean and standard deviation for milk compositional traits were 4.72 ± 1.30% fat, 3.85 ± 0.61% protein and 4.69 ± 0.30% lactose and density was estimated at 1.0308 ± 0.002 g/cm3. The density of the milk samples was evaluated using three methods: a portable density meter, DMA 35; a standard desktop version, DMA 4500M; and an Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) method using 100-mL glass pycnometers. Statistical analysis using a linear mixed model showed a significant difference in density of milk samples (p < 0.05) across seasonal and compositional variations adjusted for the effects of days in milk, parity, the feeding treatment, the genetic group and the measurement technique. The mean density values and standard error of mean estimated for milk samples in each season, i.e., spring, summer and autumn were 1.0304 ± 0.00008 g/cm3, 1.0314 ± 0.00005 g/cm3 and 1.0309 ± 0.00007 g/cm3, respectively.

Abnormal Lactation Lengths and its Consequences on Performance of Crossbred Cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Mehta ◽  
Neeraj Kashyap ◽  
Simarjeet Kaur ◽  
Puneet Malhotra ◽  
Chandra Sekhar Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Lactation Cycle

Background: The study was conducted to unravel the consequences of abnormal lactation lengths (Extremely short, short, prolong and extremely prolong lactation length) on production and reproduction traits of crossbred cattle (Red Dane x Sahiwal x Holstein Friesian), which otherwise remains unutilized in routine breeding data analysis owing to normalization and standardization of lactation lengths. Methods: The performance data of 2541 lactations of 1001 crossbred cattle, sired by 146 bulls over a period of 30 years maintained at the Livestock Farms of Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana were used for this study. The data on production and reproduction traits were analysed using general linear model procedures based on extremely short ( less than 102 days), short (102-179 days), prolong (483 - 560 days) and extremely prolong (≥ 560 days) lactation lengths on the basis of mean lactation length and its standard deviation. Result: Result indicated that the alteration of lactation lengths affected all important performance traits of crossbred cattle in contemporary as well as in next lactation. The values of 305 days milk yield, lactation milk yield, average fat (%), 305 days fat yield and lactation fat yield of contemporary lactation cycle were higher (P≤0.05) for the extremely prolong lactation length and reduced for shorter lactations. Similar trend was seen for next lactation cycle of the animal having abnormal lactation length in previous lactation cycle for all traits except calf birth weight, whereas days to reach peak yield and fat yield traits were not significantly affected by lactation length classes. The preferred lactation length for crossbred cattle for optimum performance was concluded as 180 to 483 days ranging one standard deviation from mean lactation length, covering more than 72% of population; however, it needs further studies to break it into groups in terms of productive life and economical merits. Farmers should avoid breeding of animal having extremely short and short lactation lengths, as their production and reproductive traits are lower in successive production cycle.

Writing in Aphasia Rehabilitation: Cursive vs Manuscript

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Boone ◽  
Harold M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Correct Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Manual Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Read Number

Reading and writing performance was observed in 30 adult aphasic patients to determine whether there was a significant difference when stimuli and manual responses were varied in the written form: cursive versus manuscript. Patients were asked to read aloud 10 words written cursively and 10 words written in manuscript form. They were then asked to write on dictation 10 word responses using cursive writing and 10 words using manuscript writing. Number of words correctly read, number of words correctly written, and number of letters correctly written in the proper sequence were tallied for both cursive and manuscript writing tasks for each patient. Results indicated no significant difference in correct response between cursive and manuscript writing style for these aphasic patients as a group; however, it was noted that individual patients varied widely in their success using one writing form over the other. It appeared that since neither writing form showed better facilitation of performance, the writing style used should be determined according to the individual patient’s own preference and best performance.

Shoulder Pain at Work: Causation Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Joel Weddington ◽  
Charles N. Brooks ◽  
Mark Melhorn ◽  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Causation Analysis ◽  
Injury Causation ◽  
Relevant Factors

Abstract In most cases of shoulder injury at work, causation analysis is not clear-cut and requires detailed, thoughtful, and time-consuming causation analysis; traditionally, physicians have approached this in a cursory manner, often presenting their findings as an opinion. An established method of causation analysis using six steps is outlined in the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Guidelines and in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation, Second Edition, as follows: 1) collect evidence of disease; 2) collect epidemiological data; 3) collect evidence of exposure; 4) collect other relevant factors; 5) evaluate the validity of the evidence; and 6) write a report with evaluation and conclusions. Evaluators also should recognize that thresholds for causation vary by state and are based on specific statutes or case law. Three cases illustrate evidence-based causation analysis using the six steps and illustrate how examiners can form well-founded opinions about whether a given condition is work related, nonoccupational, or some combination of these. An evaluator's causal conclusions should be rational, should be consistent with the facts of the individual case and medical literature, and should cite pertinent references. The opinion should be stated “to a reasonable degree of medical probability,” on a “more-probable-than-not” basis, or using a suitable phrase that meets the legal threshold in the applicable jurisdiction.

Aftermath Effect Of GST On Consumer Purchasing Power

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 122-131
Author(s):  
S. Thowseaf ◽  
M. Ayisha Millath ◽  
K. Malik Ali
Keyword(s):  
Living Standard ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Taxation System

Tax is an important source of income for the country. It is through tax; country strengthens its defense system, infrastructure, and government. Hence, tax system plays a predominant role in developing country’s economy. The complication in taxation system and liberty for taxpayers are key factors generating loopholes for corruption. GST is superior taxation system over VAT but, if neither properly implemented nor scrutinized according to the economy, it is people residing get affected.  GST taxation system is capable of increasing legal transaction, reducing corruption and complexity that exists in current taxation. India is 166th country to adopt GST and GST taxation slab in India is 0%, 5%, 12%, 18% and 28%.  Although average Tax levied is 14.8750% in India, it is 28% tax that is levied for most of the commodities, which are directly or indirectly used in everyday life of common individuals. Despite, GST being favorable to distributor in-terms of profit and government to attain tax by increasing legal transaction through invoice. It is noted that for the same percentage of taxation, the amount does not vary for VAT and GST. The tax slab decreased for 71 commodities and no change in 21 commodities; there has been an increase in tax slab for 60 commodities. 26% taxation was levied for most commodities considered was currently levied by 28% taxation which is greater than before. It was found that average tax percentage reduced was calculated to be 6.07143. The average tax percentage increase was calculated to be 4.7833 percentage for the considered commodities. The overall tax average tax percentage is estimated to be 14.8750% which does not have a significant difference concerning tax levied before GST, which was calculated to be 15.7829% for considered commodities. Therefore, the consumer purchasing power and overall living standard of the individual in India will remain almost same.

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