Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus dysgalactiae in Norwegian herds after introduction of selective dry cow therapy and teat dipping

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Cathrine Whist ◽  
Olav Østerås ◽  
Liv Sølverød
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Streptococcus Dysgalactiae ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Dry Cow Therapy ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Teat Dipping

The objective was to promote a reduction in the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus dysgalactiae after 2 years of selective dry cow therapies and teat dipping/external teat sealant implementation. Three different dry cow treatments, one long-acting and two short-acting penicillin-based products were tested at herd level together with a negative control teat dipping group, an iodine teat dipping group and DryFlex™, an external teat sealant. The regimes were independently randomly allocated to 178 dairy herds. Yearly bacteriological quarter milk samples were collected from all cows at the beginning of the trial, after 1 year and 2 years. At herd level, a total of 15% of the herds showed no Staphylococcus aureus isolates after 2 years, compared with 5% at the beginning. The distribution of Streptococcus dysgalactiae infected herds remained the same after 2 years. At cow level, there were no significant differences in the reduction of Staph. aureus between the different dry cow therapies and teat dipping regimes. But there was a significant reduction of Str. dysgalactiae in the iodine teat dipping group compared with Dryflex™ and the negative control group. The proportional rate of Staph. aureus positive quarters was reduced from 65·9% to 54·9% after 2 years. As for Str. dysgalactiae, an increase was observed from 14·2% to 15·2%.

scholarly journals POTENSI EKSTRAK JAHE MERAH (Zingiberaceae officinale rosc)SEBAGAI ANTIMIKROBA DAN PENINGKAT KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA MENCIT YANG DIINFEKSI BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus SECARA INTRA URETHRA

WAHANA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ersanto Ersanto ◽  
Sukarjati Sukarjati
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
Red Ginger

Red Ginger (Zingiberaceae officinale rosc) is known to be used as an anti-microbial andenhancing the quality of spermatozoa. This study aims to demonstrate of the red ginger extract(Zingiberaceae officinale rosc)potential as an antimicrobial and the quality enhancer of spermatozoain laboratory rats injected by Staphylococcus aureus to its urethra. The red ginger was extracted byethanol. The sample of this research was the spermatozoa of 30 mice that were injected byStaphylococcus aureus to its urethra. Potential test of red ginger extract on the laboratory ratsconducted by observing the spermatozoa’s motility, viability, morphology, the spermatozoa’sconcentration and the amount of spermatozoa leukocyte in the laboratory rats after the administrationof the red ginger extract for 35 days under the microscope. Antimicrobial activity test onStaphylococcus aureus was done by culturing the spermatozoa of laboratory rats (in vivo) afteradministering the red ginger extract for 35 days with total plate count method. The result of the studyshowed that there were differences between negative control group of laboratory rats and positivecontrol group of laboratory rats (laboratory rats injected with Staphylococcus aureus intra urethra)motility (p = 0.000), viability (p = 0.000), morphology (p = 0.000), concentration (p = 0.000), and theamount of leukocyte (p = 0.000). Whereas on the calculation of red ginger extract bacterial coloniesgive the significant effects p <0.05 on the growth of S. aureus. Based on the results of this study, it canbe conclude that the red ginger has potential as an antimicrobial and it also can improve the quality ofspermatozoa in laboratory rats infected with S. aureus through its urethra.

Risk factors for isolation of Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus dysgalactiae from milk culture obtained approximately 6 days post calving

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
Olav Østerås ◽  
Anne Cathrine Whist ◽  
Liv Sølverød
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Streptococcus Dysgalactiae ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Long Acting

Milk culture results at approximately 6 d post calving were assessed in a 2-year retrospective single-cohort study in 178 Norwegian herds. A combined teat dipping and selective antibiotic therapy trial was performed in these herds where cows with composite milk somatic cell count (CMSCC) >100 000 cells/ml before drying-off (geometric mean of the last three CMSCC test-days) and isolation of Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus dysgalactiae were selected for either short-acting lactation antibiotic treatment or long-acting dry cow antibiotic treatment. Milk culture results at approximately 6 d post-calving were available from 437 treated cows and 3061 non-treated cows before drying-off and separate multivariable logistic regression models were ran for these two groups. Risk factors associated with isolation of Staph. aureus 6 d post calving for non-treated cows were CMSCC >400 000 cells/ml before drying-off v. <400 000 cells/ml (Odds ratio (OR)=2·4) and clinical mastitis (CM) in the previous lactation v. non-treated (OR=1·5). Risk factors associated with Staph. aureus 6 d post calving for treated cows was a CMSCC >200 000 cells/ml before drying-off v. <200 000 cells/ml (OR=2·3) and CM in the previous lactation versus non-treated (OR=1·7). For non-treated cows it was 1·7-times more likely to isolate Str. dysgalactiae 6 d post-calving if the CMSCC was >50 000 cells/ml compared with <50 000 cells/ml. For treated cows it was 3·7–5·8-times more likely to isolate Str. dysgalactiae 6 d post calving if given short-acting lactation formula at quarter level compared with long-acting dry cow formula used at cow level. Regular use of iodine post-milking teat disinfection (PMTD) did not influence the isolation of Staph. aureus 6 d post calving, but it was less likely to isolate Str. dysgalactiae 6 d post calving if iodine PMTD was used regularly rather than irregularly. The external teat sealant had no effect on either of the two bacteria.This study indicates that the CMSCC limit for sampling cows before drying-off can be reduced to 50 000 cells/ml in herds with a Str. dysgalactiae problem. Iodine PMTD should also be recommended in these herds. Cows with a CMSCC >400 000 cells/ml prior to drying-off should receive long-acting dry cow formula irrespective of the milk culture result.

scholarly journals Celery (Apium graveolens) as a potential antibacterial agent and its effect on cytokeratin-17 and other healing promoters in skin wounds infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-871
Author(s):  
Yos Adi Prakoso ◽  
Chylen Setiyo Rini ◽  
Asih Rahayu ◽  
Miarsono Sigit ◽  
Dyah Widhowati
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Background and Aim: Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem caused by extensive utilization of antibiotics that promote gene resistant among bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. This study aimed to analyze the potential effects of celery (Apium graveolens) extract as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods: Celery was extracted and tested against a MRSA isolate in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against MRSA for the celery extract (CE) was determined to be 0.1% and it was formulated into a cream. A total of 30 female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: Group 1, negative control; Group 2, positive control; Group 3, treated with 0.05% CE cream; Group 4, 0.1% CE cream; and Group 5, 0.2% CE cream. All animals in the groups were exposed to a full-thickness skin biopsy on the dorsal portion, and they were infected with 30 μL of 105 colony-forming units of the MRSA isolate. The treatment was administered twice a day for 7 days. The skin samples were collected on days 3 and 7 after the treatment. The skin tissue was examined histologically using hematoxylin and eosin, Gram staining, and immunohistochemistry against cytokeratin (CK)-17. Results: Results showed that 0.2% of CE cream was the best treatment for wounds infected with MRSA. CE (0.2%) cream increased skin reepithelialization, fibroblast proliferation, and CK-17 expression; it also decreased the percentage of wound area, inflammatory cell infiltration, and bacterial colonization in skin wound tissue compared to the other treatments (p≤0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that celery could be utilized as an alternative herbal therapy against MRSA-associated skin infections.

scholarly journals DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK RIMPANG BANGLE (Zingiber purpureum Roxb.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
A Citradewi ◽  
I M Sumarya ◽  
N.K.A. Juliasih
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Research Experiment ◽  
Inhibitory Power

The rhizome of the bangle contains antibacterial compounds including saponins, flavonoids, essential oils, and tannins. The aim of the study was to determine the inhibitory power of bangle rhizome extract on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. True research - experiment with posttest design with control group was carried out by giving 6 treatment groups, namely negative control group (K-) using aquadest, positive control group (K +) using 30 mcg Chloramphenicol antibiotics, 25% ( PE1), 50% (PE2), 75% (PE3), and 100% (PE4) of concentration of rhizome extract treatment. After the treatment is complete, the inhibition is measured. The research data were analyzed statistically by Kruskall Wallis non parametric test and Sperman Rang correlation test. The results showed that the average inhibition of bangle rhizomes in each group in groups K-, K+, PE1, PE2, PE3, and PE4 were 0.000 ± 0.000, 25.000 ± 0.408, 14.250 ± 0.479, 16.500 ± 0.289, 17.750 ± 0.250, 19,500 ± 0.289 differ significantly (p <0.05). There was a very significant positive correlation between the concentration of rhizome bangle extract and the growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (r count of 0.967 (**)> r table which was 0.503 at α = 0.05 and n = 24 or p <0.01). Conclusion: bangle rhizome extract at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% has a strong inhibitory power against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The higher the concentration the greater the inhibitory power.

Effect of HylocereusPolyrhizus Rind Extract Toward Interleukin-1β, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression, Endometriosis Implant Area

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
YanuarEka P. ◽  
Hendy Hendarto ◽  
Widjiati .
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Fruit Rind

Retrograde menstruation lead to I Kappa B Kinase (IKK) fosforilation in peritoneum macrophage and cause secretion of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin1β then stimulate endometriosis cell to produce Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor which lead to increasing of endometriosis lession seen as endometriosis implant area. Cytokine secretion was inhibited through prevention of NF-κB activation by dragon red fruit rind extract (Hylocereuspolyrhizus). The aim of this reserach is to know the effect of dragon red fuit rind extract with 0,25; 0,5; and 1 mg/g bodyweight dosage toward IL-1β, VEGF expression and implant area in endometriosis mice model. The design of this experiment was randomized post test only control group design.Endometrios mice model were made in 14 days and split into two group, positive control group and treatment group after two week negative control group and postive control group were given Na-CMC 0,5% solution consequetively, and treatment group were given dragon red fruit extract with different dosage. Signification number for IL-1β is p>0,05, signification number for VEGF is p>0,05, and implant area signification number is p>0,05. Administration of dragon red fruit rind extract can decrease IL-1β, VEGF, and implant area.

The Comparison of Ostecyte in the Pressure area and Tension area on Tooth Movement Because of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

DENTA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Arya Barahmanta ◽  
Muhammad Faizal Winaris ◽  
Pambudi Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pressure Area

<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> Orthodontic tooth movement is a </em><em>interaction prosess</em><em> of resorption and deposition of bone remodeling. Orthodontic tooth movement by mechanical strength causes changes in alveolar bone. Osteocyte is an essential cell to respond bone remodelling. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy affects production of osteocyte because it can release Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Nitrid Oxide (NO).  <strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the difference number  of osteocyte in pressure and tension area during tooth movement by adjuvant of Hyperbaric Oxygen 2,4 ATA during 7 days starting on day 8 to day 14. <strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: This research used Completery Randomized Control Group Post Test Only Design. 36 cavia cobaya (male)  were divided into 3 groups randomly : the negative control groups, positive control group, and treatment group. Preparat staining used Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) and calculated on microscop 1000x with 20 field of view. Data analyses used one way ANOVA and LSD test then compared each area by using paired T test. <strong>Result:</strong> The data showed that the treatment group (P=10,67) tension area has the highest number of osteocyte than  negative control group (K-=3,67), positive control (K+=7,42). In the pressure area showed that negative control group (K-=5,00) has the highest  than positive control group (K+=3,83) and treatment (P=3,25). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therapy HBO 2,4 ATA 7 days starting on day 8 to day 14 is could increase osteocyte in the tissue to stimulate process of bone remodelling.</em></p><pre><strong> </strong></pre><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Hyperbaric Oxygen, Tooth movement, Bone remodeling, </em><em>Osteocyte</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Correspondence:</em></strong><em> </em><em>Arya Brahmanta</em><em>, Department of Orthodonty, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University, Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya, Phone 031-5945864, Email:</em><em> </em><a href="mailto:[email protected]"><em>arya.brahmanta</em><em>@</em><em>hangtuah.ac.id</em></a></p>

Antiurolithiatic effect of Cymbopogon Proximus, Alhagi Maurorum, on Sulfadimidine induced urolithiasis in male New Zealand rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Sameh El-Nabtity
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits ◽  
Group 1

The present study aimed to investigate the prophylactic effect of Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum on Sulfadimidine induced urolithiasis in rabbits . Thirty New Zealand male rabbits were allocated into six equal groups (each of five): Group (1) was used as a negative control. Group(2) were administered sulfadimidine (200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection.Groups(3) and (4) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 330mg/kg of Cymbopogon proximus alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally.Groups(5) and (6) were administered sulfadimidine(200mg/kg) by intramuscular injection and 400mg/kg of Alhagi maurorum alcoholic and aqueous extracts respectively orally. The period of experiment was 10 days. Blood and urine samples were collected from rabbits on the 10th day. The results recorded a significant decrease in serum creatinine, urea, uric acid and crystalluria in Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum groups compared to sulfadimidine treated group.We conclude that Cymbopogon proximus and Alhagi maurorum have a nephroprotective and antiurolithiatic effects against sulfadimidine induced crystalluria.

Evaluation of Salivary Vitamin C and Catalase in HIV Positive and Healthy HIV Negative Control Group

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel ◽  
Samaneh Vaziri-Amjad ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi ◽  
Jalal Poorolajal
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hiv Negative

Efek Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Mencit Jantan

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Verawaty Verawaty ◽  
Dhea Claudia Novel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Third ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan yang diinduksi aloksan. Hewan percobaan dibagi atas 5 kelompok diantaranya kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok kontrol positif,dosis I (280 mg/kgBB mencit), dosis II (560 mg/kg BB mencit), dosis III (840 mg/kg BB mencit). Penelitian dilakukan selama 21 hari. Persentase penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan setelah diberikan ekstrak etanol kulit petai pada hari ke-21 adalah dosis I (77,52 %) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan dosis II (69,5 %) dan dosis III (73,37 %). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji Two Way Anova dengan program SPSS 17. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit petai untuk tiga variasi dosis menyatakan perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan.</p><p><em>Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) has a compound β-sitosterol and stigmasterol that have efficacy to decreased blood glucose levels. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract of petai peel for decrease blood glucose levels of male mice induced by alloxan. Experimental animals were divided into 5 groups including negative control group, positive control group, the first dose (280 mg/kg in mice), the second dose (560 mg/kg in mice), the third dose (840 mg/kg in mice). The study was conducted for 21 days. After 21 days, the result found that the percentage of blood glucose levels after the male mice given the ethanol extract of petai peel was, the first dose (77.52%) biger than the second dose (69.5%) and the third dose (73.37%). The data obtained were analyzed by Two Way ANOVA using SPSS 17. The results showed that have signicantly difference between three dose variation of ethanol extract of petai peel in blood glucose levels.</em></p>

scholarly journals Resistance to Fracture of Dental Roots Obturated with Different Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berkan Celikten ◽  
Ceren Feriha Uzuntas ◽  
Kamran Gulsahi
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Canal Filling ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Group 2

The aim of this study was to compare the vertical fracture resistance of roots obturated with different root canal filling materials and sealers. Crowns of 55 extracted mandibular premolar teeth were removed to provide root lengths of 13 mm. Five roots were saved as negative control group (canals unprepared and unfilled). Fifty root canals were instrumented and then five roots were saved as positive control group (canals prepared but unfilled). The remaining 45 roots were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n=15root/group) and obturated with the following procedures: in group 1, glass ionomer-based sealer and cone (ActiV GP obturation system); in group 2, bioceramic sealer and cone (EndoSequence BC obturation system); and in group 3, roots were filled with bioceramic sealer and cone (Smartpaste bio obturation system). All specimens were tested in a universal testing machine for measuring fracture resistance. For each root, the force at the time of fracture was recorded in Newtons. The statistical analysis was performed by using Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc test. There were no significant differences between the three experimental groups. The fracture values of three experimental and negative control groups were significantly higher than the positive control group. Within the limitations of this study, all materials increased the fracture resistance of instrumented roots.

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