A criticism of distinctive features

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Theory ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
The World ◽  
Roman Jakobson ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between segment and sound is a central concern of phonology.1 A framework for the definition of this relationship is that of distinctive features - proposed by Roman Jakobson and developed by Morris Halle. This framework may be looked at as having two parts: the substantive and the formal. The substantive is made up of the small number of features which, it is claimed (Halle, 1957: 67 ff.), are all that are necessary for describing all the languages of the world - fifteen by the latest count (Halle, 1964a: 329). The formal consists of a number of concepts which appear to have contributed to the definition of the relationship between segment and sound in transformational theory (Chomsky, 1964: 86). Only incidentally will I be concerned with the substantive part of the framework.

scholarly journals Language in social reproduction: Sociolinguistics and sociosemiotics

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 43-81
Author(s):  
Patrizia Calefato
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Roman Jakobson ◽  
New Type ◽  
General Linguistics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper focuses on the semiotic foundations of sociolinguistics. Starting from the definition of “sociolinguistics” given by the philosopher Adam Schaff, the paper examines in particular the notion of “critical sociolinguistics” as theorized by the Italian semiotician Ferruccio Rossi-Landi. The basis of the social dimension of language are to be found in what Rossi-Landi calls “social reproduction” which regards both verbal and non-verbal signs. Saussure’s notion of langue can be considered in this way, with reference not only to his Course of General Linguistics, but also to his Harvard Manuscripts.The paper goes on trying also to understand Roland Barthes’s provocative definition of semiology as a part of linguistics (and not vice-versa) as well as developing the notion of communication-production in this perspective. Some articles of Roman Jakobson of the sixties allow us to reflect in a manner which we now call “socio-semiotic” on the processes of transformation of the “organic” signs into signs of a new type, which articulate the relationship between organic and instrumental. In this sense, socio-linguistics is intended as being sociosemiotics, without prejudice to the fact that the reference area must be human, since semiotics also has the prerogative of referring to the world of non-human vital signs.Socio-linguistics as socio-semiotics assumes the role of a “frontier” science, in the dual sense that it is not only on the border between science of language and the anthropological and social sciences, but also that it can be constructed in a movement of continual “crossing frontiers” and of “contamination” between languages and disciplinary environments.

Dante's New Life of the Book

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Eisner
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Poetic Form ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

This study uses the material transmission history of Dante’s innovative first book, the Vita nuova (New Life), to intervene in recent debates about literary history, reconceiving the relationship between the work and its reception, and investigating how different material manifestations and transformations in manuscripts, printed books, translations, and adaptations participate in the work. Just as Dante frames his collection of thirty-one poems surrounded by prose narrative and commentary as an attempt to understand his own experiences through the experimental form of the book, so later scribes, editors, and translators use different material forms to embody their own interpretations of it. Traveling from Boccaccio’s Florence to contemporary Hollywood with stops in Emerson’s Cambridge, Rossetti’s London, Nerval’s Paris, Mandelstam’s Russia, De Campos’s Brazil, and Pamuk’s Istanbul, this study builds on extensive archival research to show how Dante’s strange poetic forms continue to challenge readers. In contrast to a conventional reception history’s chronological march, each chapter analyzes how one of these distinctive features has been treated over time, offering new perspectives on topics such as Dante’s love of Beatrice, his relationship with Guido Cavalcanti, and his attraction to another woman, while highlighting Dante’s concern with the future, as he experiments with new ways to keep Beatrice alive for later readers. Deploying numerous illustrations to show the entanglement of the work’s poetic form and its material survival, Dante’s New Life of the Book offers a fresh reading of Dante’s innovations, demonstrating the value of this philological analysis of the work’s survival in the world.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Biomechanical Indicators of the Snatch Technique and Female Weightlifters' Levels

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Szyszka ◽  
Andrzej Mastalerz
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
World Championship ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction. The snatch technique is a discipline in Olympic weightlifting. The lifter has to raise the barbell from the platform directly above their head in one movement. While reviewing the literature on biomechanical analysis of the techniques of weightlifting, one can find positions on the analysis of parameters, such as barbell track, horizontal displacement, and angular positions of the joints in the individual phases of the lifter's movement. Many texts concern female and male lifters taking part in World or European Championships. The parameters of the best competitors are outlined - mostly those who finish in the top five places in competition. Mostly these are parameters regarding male lifters, and less frequently those of female lifters. In the literature review, an overlooked aspect is that of the definition of the diversity of indicators as regards the snatch technique practiced by female lifters depending on score. Material and methods. In the research, registered snatch attempts during the World Championship were used. Videos were used by judges to establish a maximum weight limit for female lifters. The attempts were registered by two cameras and were later digitally processed by the APAS 2000 system. Barbell parameters, maximum speed, average of the bar, and the parameters of the lifter-bar collocation (horizontal displacement of barbell weights and height elevation) were assessed. Results. The analysed attempts show the margin of error for measurement of the average speed of the barbell as 0.03 m/s. The difference in maximum speed of analysed attempts is 15%. The height of clearance of the first-placed female lifter's barbell was 12.7 cm, 30 cm for the last-placed. Conclusions. The sporting level of weightlifting by female lifters influences the analysed biomechanical indicators of the snatch. Those indicators, which are similar in the case of both the World Championship winner and the female lifter who came last, may be described as the average speeds of the barbell. The high sporting level of female lifters performing heavy lifting is characterized by the clearance of the barbell.

scholarly journals Inflammation and hemocoagulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Igor N. Bokarev
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Blood Coagulation System ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
The Relationship

Problems of inflammation are extensively studied all over the world. Its mechanisms are known to involve hundreds of factors. The blood coagulation system is a major component of each living organism. This article was designed to analyze the relationship between inflammation and hemocoagulation and discuss definition of the term “low-grade inflammation” with reference to the blood coagulation system.

scholarly journals THE TRICK AND GAG AS THE BASIC BASIS OF ECCENTRIC MUSIC IN CLASSIC AND MODERN NUMBERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Grinie
Keyword(s):  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article explores the specifics of gag and trick in the genres of musical eccentrics and clownery as means of expression in the circus and variety. By establishing relationships and distinctive features between the trick and gag, the author discovers an innovative approach to the theoretical understanding of the clown genre and musical eccentrics.The problem of the relationship of main assets of expressiveness is considered separately in clowning and musical eccentric numbers, which gives the author the opportunity to identify discrepancies in the theoretical conclusions of Slavsky R. regarding the definition of the term "gag”. The article proves the failure of the substitution of the term gag for the term comic trick with reference to a musical eccentric.Keywords: trick classification, trick functions, dramatic gag, gag as a comic trick, walkthrough and storyline gages, basic and auxiliary means of expression, clown and musical eccentricity in the system of original circus genres

scholarly journals الثنائية اللغوية في تعليم اللغة العربية

ASALIBUNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Qomari
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Teaching Language ◽  
Quality Of Teaching ◽  
Bilingual Teaching ◽  
The World ◽  
World Class ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Bilingualism in teaching is something to be done to make the quality of teaching more effective especially in the World Class University Like Islamic State Of University Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. This Article will be give information about implementation of Bilingulism in teaching. And also give information about the definition of bilingual and what kind of bilingual can be implemented especially in Arabic language teaching for the foreigner. Beside of information about the kind of the suitable bilingual in teaching language, This Article also inform how much of Arabic language acquisition when that language to be tought by bilingual method. And offcourse this give information about the relationship between the bilingual teaching language with the skills of language.

scholarly journals ЛІНГВОФІЛОСОФСЬКІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ КОНЦЕПТІВ “РОЗУМОВА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ”

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9(77)) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Oksana I. Hrom
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
Cognitive Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Linguistic Units

This article describes the definition of the concept, investigates and analyzes the linguistic and philosophical concept of the concepts of Mental Activity in English. This article introduces the linguistic and philosophical content of the concepts of Mental Activity. The concepts of mental activity have and reflect their linguistic and philosophical reflection and reflection in English. The article also deals with current issues of cognitive studies of the linguistic picture of the world, and describes the structure and semantics of linguistic units for the notion of concepts of Mental Activity, to denote concepts of Mental Activity in order to understand more broadly and more, and more deeply, to understand the peculiarities and properties of these concepts, as well as to analyze the interconnection of its components, and also to research its structure, their similar and their distinctive features in English language. The research investigates semantic peculiarities of the lexemes that represent the concepts and the logical development of them. The scientific article shows the nature, relations and the implications of the most fundamental mental concepts in English language. Some typical concepts of Mental Activity in English language, like thinking, contemplation, thought and so on are analyzed in this article.

scholarly journals The poor in the Epistle of James and the Gospel of Thomas

1997 ◽  
Vol 53 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Hartin
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Gospel Of Thomas ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Kingdom Of Heaven ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of Religion ◽  
Similar Vein ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Epistle Of James ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores similarities in the thought world of the Epistle of James and the Gospel of Thomas. Particular attention is devoted to the role that the 'poor' and 'poverty' play in both documents. For the Epistle of James it is 'the poor in the world that God has chosen to be rich in faith and heirs of the kingdom' (Ja 2:5).  In a similar vein, in the Gospel of Thomas the kingdom is promised to those who have embraced the poverty of a radical life-style: 'Blessed are the poor, for yours is the kingdom of heaven' (GTh 54). This outlook betrays a basic ethos adopted toward the world. In both the Epistle of James and the Gospel of Thomas the relationship to the world ultimately determines one's relationship to the kingdom or to God. For the Epistle of James the very definition of religion demands that one keep 'oneself unstained from  the world' (Ja 1 :27) and that 'friendship with the world' is enmity with God (Ja 4:4). For the Gospel of Thomas the rejection of the world involves a radical ethos that embraces an intinerant life ('Be passersby' [GTh 42J), which includes a rejection of wealth (GTh 63).'If you do not abstain from the world, you will not find the kingdom' (GTh 27). It is argued that the Gospel of Thomas and the Epistle of James reflect traditional sayings that endorse a similar ethos of radical discipleship.

CHARACTERISTICS OF PATRIOTIC EDUCATION ORGANISATION THROUGOUT EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES FOR YOUNGER ADOLESCENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (97) ◽  
pp. 211-221
Author(s):  
OLGA S. VOROBEVA
Keyword(s):  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
School Integration ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents the results of a study related to the characteristics of the younger adolescents’ patriotic education throughout extracurricular activities. On the basis of system-activity approach and the concept of existential pedagogy, the author provides a definition of patriotic education as a purposeful interaction of the subjects in the pedagogical process, which results in learning about the system of phenomena in the world around us and the formation of personality, revealing moral feelings and transforming reality for the development of society and country. The concept of "patriotic education objectification" is defined as the relationship of joint activities for organizing educational events and students’ personality transformation as subjects forming the value of identity. The study reveals that the formation of certain levels of patriotism in younger teenagers is affected by the following objective conditions: school integration, family and social traditions, emphasis on external and internal elements and subject interaction in the implementation of extracurricular activities as pedagogical events.

scholarly journals Comparative Study: Chinese and Western Theoretical Sources for Sustainable Development Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Tongzhen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
International Level ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Countries around the world are now plagued by deteriorating environmental problems (including global warming, desertification, reduction of biodiversity, and possible sources of unknown viruses such as COVID-19). Besides cooperation at the international level, countries, especially the East and West, have adopted different approaches. Philosophy can guide our actions, and exploring the theories of each period could help us understand what people know about and how they behave. The Chinese “San cai” and “Sheng Wang Zhi Zhi” theories and the "Anthropocentrism" and "Resource are limited" of the West countries have their on the relationship between human beings and environment, which play important roles in their traditional philosophies before the largely accepted definition of Sustainable Development (SD).

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