scholarly journals Grey matter volume and thickness abnormalities in young people with a history of childhood abuse

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1034-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lim ◽  
H. Hart ◽  
M. Mehta ◽  
A. Worker ◽  
A. Simmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Function

BackgroundChildhood abuse is associated with abnormalities in brain structure and function. Few studies have investigated abuse-related brain abnormalities in medication-naïve, drug-free youth that also controlled for psychiatric comorbidities by inclusion of a psychiatric control group, which is crucial to disentangle the effects of abuse from those associated with the psychiatric conditions.MethodsCortical volume (CV), cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) were measured in 22 age- and gender-matched medication-naïve youth (aged 13–20) exposed to childhood abuse, 19 psychiatric controls matched for psychiatric diagnoses and 27 healthy controls. Both region-of-interest (ROI) and whole-brain analyses were conducted.ResultsFor the ROI analysis, the childhood abuse group compared with healthy controls only, had significantly reduced CV in bilateral cerebellum and reduced CT in left insula and right lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). At the whole-brain level, relative to healthy controls, the childhood abuse group showed significantly reduced CV in left lingual, pericalcarine, precuneus and superior parietal gyri, and reduced CT in left pre-/postcentral and paracentral regions, which furthermore correlated with greater abuse severity. They also had increased CV in left inferior and middle temporal gyri relative to healthy controls. Abnormalities in the precuneus, temporal and precentral regions were abuse-specific relative to psychiatric controls, albeit at a more lenient level. Groups did not differ in SA.ConclusionsChildhood abuse is associated with widespread structural abnormalities in OFC–insular, cerebellar, occipital, parietal and temporal regions, which likely underlie the abnormal affective, motivational and cognitive functions typically observed in this population.

HUBUNGAN TUNGAU DEBU RUMAH, PAPARAN ASAP ROKOK DAN RIWAYAT PENYAKIT KELUARGA TERHADAP KEJADIAN ASMA BRONKIAL PADA ANAK USIA 5 – 10 TAHUN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS LEMPAKE KOTA SAMARINDA TAHUN 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sri Evi New Yearsi Pangadongan ◽  
Agustina Rahyu ◽  
Selvy Pasulu
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
History Of ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
And Gender

Bronchial Asthma generally starts from childhood which is condition where respiration channel experiences constriction because of hyperactivity with some specific stimulation which cause inflammation. Some risk factors are smoking exposure of cigarette smoke, weather changes, mite on house dirt, pet and history of family sickness. The purpose of this research is to know Relation of mite on house dirt, exposure of cigarette smoke  and history of family sickness with bronchial asthma incident to child 5 – 10  years old on working area of Puskesmas Lempake Samarinda City in 2016. Method which used was analytic survey with Case Control approaching. The total sample was 36 children which consisted of 18 case group and 18 control group with matching by using age and gender which submitted with Purposive Sampling technique. Data Analysis used Chi Square with wrong degree α = 0,005. The result showed that there was relation of mite of house dirt (p = 0,006), history of family sickness (p = 0,001) and no relation with exposure of cigarette smoke (p = 0,370) with bronchial asthma incident to child 5 – 10 years old on working area of Puskesmas Lempake Samarinda City in 2016.

HUBUNGAN RIWAYAT SAKIT DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Hasanah Nurbawena ◽  
Martono Tri Utomo ◽  
Esti Yunitasari
Keyword(s):  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Control Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstrakLatar belakang : Kejadian stunting merupakan salah satu  masalah gizi pada anak yang memiliki prevalensi tinggi di Indonesia. Cut off point  kejadian stunting tidak boleh lebih dari 20%, sedangkan jumlah kejadian stunting di Surabaya sebanyak 22,8%. Salah satu penyebab tingginya kejadian stunting yaitu penyakit infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan riwayat sakit dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan menggunakan rancang penelitian case control. Jumlah sampel yang diteliti sebanyak 40 balita dengan usai 24-36 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Simomulyo Surabaya. Sampel penelitian balita stunting merupakan kelompok kasus dan balita non-stunting merupakan kelompok kontrol. Pengambilan data untuk kelompok kasus menggunakan purposive sampling dan pada kelompok kasus menggunakan matching sampling dengan menyesuaikan usia bayi dan jenis kelamin pada kelompok kasus. Pengumpulan data mengguanakan instrumen kuisioner. Uji statistik menggunakan chi square Hasil : Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan balita stunting memiliki riwayat sakit sebanyak 90%, sedangkan pada balita non-stunting sebanyak 45%. Uji statistik menggunakan mengenai hubungan riwayat sakit dengan kejadain stunting pada balita dengan uji Chi square didapatkan hasil yang signifikan yaitu p=0,002 (<0,05) dan OR 4,889. Kesimpulan : Balita stunting memiliki riwayat sakit lebih sering daripada balita non-stunting.AbstractBackground: . The incidence of stunting is one of the nutritional problems in children who have a high prevalence in Indonesia. The cut off point for stunting events should not be more than 20%, while the number of stunting events in Surabaya is 22.8%. One of the causes of the high incidence of stunting is an infectious disease. This study aimed to determine the relationship of a history of illnes with the incidence of stunting in infants. Method: This research was an observational analytic study using a case control research design. The number of samples were 40 toddlers (20 toodlers with stunting and 20 toodlers with non-stunting) aged 24-36 months in the working area of the Simomulyo Primary Health Care in Surabaya. The stunting toddlers belonged to a case group and non-stunting toddlers belonged to a control group. Data collection of case group had used purposive sampling and that control group used matching sampling by adjusting the baby's age and gender in the case group. Data was obtained by questionnaire instrument.Data was analysis by Chi square Results: The persentage of stunting toddlers who had a history of illness was 90%, while the non-stunting toddlers had a history of illness was 45%. There was relationship between the history of infectious diseases and the occurrence of stunting in toodler p=0,022 (<0,05) and OR=4,338. Conclusion: Stunting toddlers have a history of pain more often than non-stunting toddlers 

Women with abuse-related PTSD sleep more fitfully but just as long as healthy controls: an actigraphic study

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Friedmann ◽  
Holger Hill ◽  
Philip Santangelo ◽  
Ulrich Ebner-Priemer ◽  
Andreas B Neubauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Subjective Reports ◽  
Ptsd Group

Abstract Study Objectives Subjective reports of sleep impairments are common in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but objective assessments of sleep have yielded mixed results. Methods We investigated sleep via actigraphy and e-diary on 6 consecutive nights in a group of 117 women with PTSD after childhood abuse (CA; PTSD group), a group of 31 mentally healthy women with a history of CA (healthy trauma controls, HTC group) and a group of 36 non-traumatized mentally healthy women (healthy controls, HC group). Results The PTSD group reported lower sleep quality, more nights with nightmares, and shorter sleep duration than both HTC and HC. Actigraphic measures showed more and longer sleep interruptions in the PTSD group compared to HTC and HC, but no difference in sleep duration. While the PTSD group underestimated their sleep duration, both HTC and HC overestimated their sleep duration. HTC did not differ from HC regarding sleep impairments. Conclusions Sleep in women with PTSD after CA seems to be more fragmented but not shorter compared to sleep patterns of mentally healthy control subjects. The results suggest a stronger effect of PTSD psychopathology on sleep compared to the effect of trauma per se.

scholarly journals Brain Volumetric Changes and Cognitive Functions in Epileptic Patients

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Ashour ◽  
A M A Nassef ◽  
E M Awad ◽  
A M Hazzou ◽  
M A Nada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Generalized Epilepsy ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Epilepsy is a serious common neurological disorder that can affect any age. Cognitive functions are highly prevalent in patients with epilepsy and is more likely to occur in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). Associations were found between cognitive functions and brain volume loss in patients with epilepsy. Objective This work was carried out to assess the volumetric changes in brain of epileptic patients to use it as a biomarker for cognitive dysfunction in adult and adolescent patients with epilepsy. Patients and Methods A case control study was conducted to include 61 patients, 20 of which diagnosed with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), 21 with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and 20 with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) who were selected from the epilepsy outpatient clinic in Ain Shams university hospitals along with 23 age and sex matched healthy controls. Both cases and control groups were subjected to Magnetic resonance imaging MRI brain volumetry and detailed cognitive testing. An informed consent was taken from each adult patient, guardian of adolescent patient and healthy control. Results Statistically significant difference in comprehension subcategory of the Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS) between patients with IGE and healthy controls denoting poorer social judgment in the IGE group. The IGE group also showed poorer performance in digit symbol subcategory of the same test denoting worse psychomotor speed and sustained attention. Also, significant difference in similarities subcategory was found between TLE group and control group denoting poorer abstract thinking among the TLE group. The IGE and TLE groups also showed lower attention and concentration than control group in the mental control subcategory of the Wechsler memory scale (WMS) yet failed to show superiority over each other. No statistically significant difference was found on comparing the whole brain volume between cases and control groups. A statistically significant direct relationship was found between the arithmetic subcategory of WAIS and the whole brain volume of the patients among the patients of the FLE group. Conclusion Patients with IGE had worse psychomotor speed, sustained attention and concentration than healthy controls in addition to poorer social judgment. Also, patients with TLE showed lower attention and concentration together with poorer abstract thinking despite normal IQ. The study also concluded that increased whole brain volume in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy is associated with better mathematical problem solving.

scholarly journals Employment and earnings trajectories before and after sickness absence due to major depressive disorder: a nationwide case–control study

2020 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-106660
Author(s):  
Christian Hakulinen ◽  
Petri Böckerman ◽  
Laura Pulkki-Råback ◽  
Marianna Virtanen ◽  
Marko Elovainio
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Earnings Losses ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender

ObjectivesTo examine employment and earnings trajectories before and after the first sickness absence period due to major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsAll individuals (n=158 813) in Finland who had a first sickness absence period (lasting longer than 9 days) due to MDD between 2005 and 2015 were matched with one randomly selected individual of the same age and gender with no history of MDD. Employment status and earnings were measured using register-based data annually from 2005 to 2015. Generalised estimating equations were used to examine the trajectories of employment and earnings before and after MDD diagnosis in men and women separately.ResultsSickness absence due to MDD was associated with increased probability of non-employment during and after the year of the first sickness absence period. In men, but not in women, the probability of being employed was lower 5 years before the sickness absence period due to MDD. When compared with the individuals in the control group, men had around 34% and women 15% lower earnings 1 year, and 40% and 23%, respectively, 5 years, after the first sickness absence period due to MDD. More severe MDD and longer duration of sickness absence period were associated with lower probability of being employed.ConclusionsSickness absence due to MDD was associated with considerable reduction in employment and earnings losses. For men and individuals with more severe MDD, this reduction was before the first sickness period. This supports a reciprocal association between employment and earnings with MDD.

C-reactive protein levels are related to suicidality in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S337-S337
Author(s):  
M. Pantovic Stefanovic ◽  
B. Dunjic-Kostic ◽  
M. Lackovic ◽  
A. Damjanovic ◽  
A. Jovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionImmune alterations are believed to be an important part in etiopathogenesis of affective disorders. However, it is not clear if the altered immune mediators are related to distinct disorders or particular psychopathology.AimsThe aim of our study was to explore the differences in C-reactive protein levels (CRP) between euthymic BD patients and healthy controls, as well as to explore the relationship between CRP and lifetime presented psychopathology within BD.MethodsThe study group consisted of 83 patients diagnosed with BD, compared to the healthy control group (n = 73) and matched according to age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). Lifetime psychopathology has been assessed according to predominant polarity as well as previous history of suicide attempts and psychotic episodes.ResultsThe CRP levels were significantly higher in BD patients when compared to healthy controls. After covarying for confounders, we observed that CRP levels, in euthymic BD patients, were related to number of previous suicide attempts, but not other indicators of lifetime psychopathology.ConclusionsBD patients per se, and particularly those with more suicide attempts, are more likely to present with proinflammatory state, even when in remission. Previous history of suicide attempts could bear specifically vulnerable endophenotype within BD. Systemic, longitudinal monitoring of the course of illness, and potential inflammatory mediators that underlie its systemic nature is warranted.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The role of interleukin-9 and interleukin-17 in myocarditis with different etiologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-802
Author(s):  
Tuğba Kandemir Gülmez ◽  
Can Acipayam ◽  
Metin Kilinç ◽  
Nurten Seringeç Akkeçeci
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Acute Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Interleukin 9

Abstract Objective Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the cardiac muscle. Prognosis is most often good but, in some patients, the disease can be fulminant. Our aim with this study was to determine interleukin-9 (IL-9) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels in myocarditis cases with different etiologies. Materials and methods Thirty one patients with myocarditis and 30 healthy controls of similar age and gender without a history of chronic disease were included in the study. All 31 patients were clinically myocarditis. In some of these patients, the cause of myocarditis is acute rheumatic fever or Kawasaki disease. Serum samples of the patients were taken during diagnosis in order to analyze serum IL-9 and IL-17 levels and sedimentation rate, CRP, ASO, pro-BNP, CK-MB, and Troponin-I tests were performed. Results It was found that IL-17 levels were statistically significant in all acute rheumatic fever, Myocarditis and Kawasaki patients compared to the control group (p = 0.001) and that cut-off was 4.30 pg/mL. This value was determined to be 71% sensitive and 67% specific for IL-17 (AUC = 0.761). Conclusions Both of the mean and median levels of IL-17 were significantly higher in pediatric patients with myocarditis than in healthy children. Our study made us think that complications of myocarditis and associated morbidity can be prevented by IL17 inhibitors. The high levels of IL17 found in our study may be a reference for future study.

Association of Thrombin-Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor with Acute Pulmonary Embolism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkerim Yıldız ◽  
Didem Katar ◽  
Ayşe Özden Soydaş ◽  
Murat Albayrak
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor ◽  
Fibrinolysis Inhibitor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Impact On Treatment ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) inhibits fibrinolysis and high levels may have an association with thrombosis. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of TAFI antigen levels with pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). Patients and Methods A case–control study was conducted with 29 patients with PTE and 17 age- and gender-matched control individuals. Plasma levels of TAFI were measured at the time of diagnosis, then at 3 and 6 months after the event. Results Initial TAFI levels (%) were higher in patients with PTE than in the control group Initial TAFI levels (%) were higher in patients with PTE than in the control group (190,0 [65,0–250,0] vs 133,0 [83,0–153,0]; p = 0.003). TAFI levels significantly decreased at the third and sixth months after initial diagnosis (p < 0.05). The percentage reductions in TAFI levels were 12 and 36.8% at 3 and 6 months, respectively. The Odss ratio (OR) of TAFI level for PTE was found to be 1.024 (95% CI: 1.007–1.040; p = 0.005). There was no significant correlation of initial TAFI levels with age, gender, smoking status, history of thrombosis, pulmonary artery pressure, and D-dimer levels (p > 0.05). In the sixth month of treatment, patients with residual thrombosis were seen to have similar baseline levels and reductions of TAFI as patients without residual thrombosis (p > 0.05). Conclusion The result of this study suggests that high TAFI levels may have a role in the occurrence of PTE without impact on treatment outcome.

Neuropsychological Characteristics Associated with Olfactory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Arguedas ◽  
Robyn Langdon ◽  
Richard Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Odor Identification ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neuropsychological Characteristics ◽  
Neuropsychological Tasks ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Neuropsychological Impairments ◽  
Identification Decision

AbstractOlfactory hallucinations (OHs) are present in a significant minority of people with schizophrenia, yet these symptoms are under-researched and poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the neuropsychological impairments that associate with OHs in schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were classified into an OH group and a group with auditory-verbal hallucinations (AVHs) and no lifetime history of OHs. Patients were age- and gender-matched to a healthy control group. All participants were assessed using: a test of odor identification; decision-making and socio-emotional tests of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and amygdala function; and a battery of standardized executive tests. Patients, as a whole, performed more poorly than controls on the tests of odor identification, emotion processing and executive function, consistent with previous research. Only two tests of OFC functioning: the Object Alternation Task, taken from Oscar-Berman and Zola-Morgan's (1980a, 1980b) Comparative Neuropsychological Tasks, and a test of “faux pas” understanding discriminated between the OH and AVH patients. Findings provide the first preliminary support for OH-specific neuropsychological impairments associated with OFC dysfunction in schizophrenia. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–10)

scholarly journals Handedness and corpus callosal morphology in Williams syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilee A. Martens ◽  
Sarah J. Wilson ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Amanda G. Wood ◽  
David C. Reutens
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Lim Kinase ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Hemizygous Deletion ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

AbstractWilliams syndrome is a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder caused by a hemizygous deletion on chromosome 7q11.23, resulting in atypical brain structure and function, including abnormal morphology of the corpus callosum. An influence of handedness on the size of the corpus callosum has been observed in studies of typical individuals, but handedness has not been taken into account in studies of callosal morphology in Williams syndrome. We hypothesized that callosal area is smaller and the size of the splenium and isthmus is reduced in individuals with Williams syndrome compared to healthy controls, and examined age, sex, and handedness effects on corpus callosal area. Structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained on 25 individuals with Williams syndrome (18 right-handed, 7 left-handed) and 25 matched controls. We found that callosal thickness was significantly reduced in the splenium of Williams syndrome individuals compared to controls. We also found novel evidence that the callosal area was smaller in left-handed participants with Williams syndrome than their right-handed counterparts, with opposite findings observed in the control group. This novel finding may be associated with LIM-kinase hemizygosity, a characteristic of Williams syndrome. The findings may have significant clinical implications in future explorations of the Williams syndrome cognitive phenotype.

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