The impact of old-age pensions on the happiness level of elderly people – evidence from China

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Junqiang Han ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang ◽  
Yingying Meng
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Insurance System ◽  
Government Guarantee ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pension Benefits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Happiness Level

Abstract As an important source of income for elderly people, pensions have a great impact on their wellbeing. There are three different pension systems in China (the Old-age Insurance System for Government Agencies and Institutions (OISGAI), the Basic Old-age Insurance System for Urban Employees (BOISUE) and the Social Insurance of the Old-age Pension for Urban and Rural Residents (SIOPURR)). This study empirically analyses the impact of various pension types on the happiness of elderly people in China and further explores the potential impact mechanism using the 2014 China Family Panel Studies data. The study suggests that first, receiving pensions from OISGAI, BOISUE and SIOPURR is positively correlated with the happiness level of elderly people. Second, the sense of happiness of elderly people who receive BOISUE is higher than that of those receiving SIOPURR, which is mainly caused by the difference in the level of pension benefits. When the level of benefits is controlled for, there is no significant difference between these two groups. Third, when they have the same level of pension benefits, the happiness of elderly people who receive OISGAI is significantly higher than that of those who receive pensions from the other two systems, which is possibly related to the hidden ‘special’ government guarantee and the difference of the growth rate of the benefit level.

Healthcare Support among Elderly Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Yadav ◽  
Prof Sunita Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The elderly population is large in general and growing due to advancement of health care education. These people are faced with numerous physical, psychological and social role changes that challenge their sense of self and capacity to live happily. The present study was conducted to assess the relationship of specific satisfaction in biogerontology and social gerontological and medical gerontology. The present study reveals that health supports is positively and highly significantly related to using care services and suffer from disease of aged persons. The main purpose of this research was to find out the mean difference between old age home and residing in their home in suffer from disease and using care services .The total 120 elderly (60 elderly in old age home and 60 residing in their home) of age range 60-80 year.  The study was carried out in Lucknow. Multistage sampling technique was fallowed in the present study. The samples of this study were personally and individually contacted and data was obtained through face to face interview. The research tool for hospital anxiety and used the care services and health care scale was used .and the test was applied to check the difference of suffer from disease Asthma, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stomach /bowel disease and using care services the ANOVA method used to check the difference .Result reveals that significant difference in suffer from  disease and using care services–old age with respect to both old age with respect to both old age home and residing in their home .While the difference between suffer from  disease and using care services reveals and the elderly people who live in old age home suffer from disease and using care services and residing in their home elderly people live with family and happy and significant difference were found in disease and using care services  in old age.

Speech Methodologies in Cleft Palate Assessment: A Pilot Project to Compare Two Phonetically Different Sentence Sets

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-72
Author(s):  
Jennie Smith ◽  
Tim Pring ◽  
Debbie Sell
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Audio Video ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To investigate the impact of the phonetic content of two sentence sets on speech outcomes, specifically the effects of nasal phonemes. Method: Audio-video recordings of a consecutive series of 15 participants (age range 4–22 years), with cleft palate (syndromic or non-syndromic), with and without velopharyngeal dysfunction were taken. Participants repeated Sentence Set 1 (with nasals across sentences) and Sentence Set 2 (without nasals except the three nasal target sentences) during a routine speech recording. Two experienced Specialist Speech and Language Therapists, blinded to the study’s purpose, analyzed participants’ speech using the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech-Augmented (CAPS-A). On day 1, recordings included Sentence Set 1. On day 2, 23 days later, recordings included Sentence Set 2. Main results: The difference between Sentence Set 1 and Sentence Set 2 ‘total scores’ (sum of scores on all CAPS-A parameters) was significant. The Pearson Product Moment showed high correlation. A Wilcoxon test revealed a significant difference between Sets 1 and 2 on the hypernasality parameter, and this alone accounted for the significant difference in total scores. Conclusion: The inclusion or exclusion of nasal consonants in the sentence set significantly affected perceptual ratings of hypernasality but none of the other CAPS-A parameters, highlighting the need for further investigation into perceptual nasality ratings.

Does an impaired capacity for self-care impact the prevalence of social and emotional loneliness among elderly people?

2018 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Canjuga ◽  
Danica Železnik ◽  
Marijana Neuberg ◽  
Marija Božicevic ◽  
Tina Cikac
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Self Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Self ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Care Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of self-care on the prevalence of loneliness among elderly people living in retirement homes and older people living in their homes/communities. Design/methodology/approach The research was conducted through standardized SELSA-L assessment loneliness questionnaires and the Self Care Assessment Worksheet for self-care assessment. The results were processed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Findings The obtained results have shown that impaired self-care ability affects the prevalence of loneliness among the elderly almost the same in both groups of participants. However, regarding the relationship between the state of health and self-care, only a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of loneliness is found in the case of the participants living in their homes, with the worst health condition affecting the poorer psychological care. Research limitations/implications It is necessary to point out the limitations of the research, primarily sample limitations and the selected design of the study. The sample consisted of two different and relatively small groups of participants which could adversely affect the representativeness of the sample and reduce the possibility of generalising the results. The next limiting factor is the age distribution the authors used in the research, where the age of the participants as a very important variable was collected by age range and not precisely which consequently resulted in inequality in subgroup sizes. Thus, the middle age (75–85) covers up to ten years, which is a huge range at an older age and can mean major differences in functional ability, and can impact the self-care assessment. Practical implications Nurses are indispensable in care for the elderly and they need to promote and encourage self-care of the elderly through health care. Elderly people living in retirement homes should be allowed to participate equally in health care in order to preserve their own autonomy and dignity. However, to benefit those who live in their homes, nurses should be connected to the local community and thus stimulate various forms of preventative (testing blood sugar levels, blood pressure and educating on the importance of preventive examinations) or recreational activities in the environment of elderly people with the goal of preserving their functional abilities. Originality/value The impact of self-care on loneliness was not sufficiently researched, and this paper contributed to understanding the complexity of loneliness phenomena among the elderly with the aim of developing a model of prevention.

A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study of Mental Health among Geriatric Population Living in Care Homes and Those Living with Family in Hadoti Region, Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (28) ◽  
pp. 2472-2477
Author(s):  
Swapnil Agrawal ◽  
Aftab Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND With recent advancement in health facility, both in urban and rural population, ratio of elderly people has increased and due to this apart from physical illness, mental health is also emerged as an important public health challenge. Psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, cognitive disorders and substance use disorders were commonly found in elderly specially living alone and in care homes. The primary purpose of this study was to compare mental health of elderly people living in care homes with those living with family in Kota (Hadoti region, Rajasthan). METHODS This is a cross-sectional comparative study that was carried out in 50 elderly people living in care homes and 50 elderly people living with family. Both groups were screened for psychiatric disorders using general health questionnaire (GHQ – 12). Comparison was made under various headings between these groups including severity. Obtained data were analysed by using proportion, mean, standard deviation, chi-square, and Pearson correlation. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was found in having psychiatric disorders on screening with GHQ - 12. Difference in these groups for prevalence and severity was not statistically significant for depression and anxiety although significant higher mean of total geriatric depression score (GDS) score in control (10.74 ± 2.56) than in cases (9.38 ± 2.36) and total Hamilton’s anxiety rating scale (HAM – A) score was seen in case group (24.53 ± 3.50) than in controls (23.15 ± 2.34). CONCLUSIONS In this study, it was found out that psychiatry morbidity was higher among elderly population living in old age home when compared to elders living with family in community. Possible reason for higher psychiatric morbidity in old age home group in our study appears to be because of lack of family support, pain of being separated from their children whom they cared and nurtured for their whole life. In psychiatric morbidity we found that depression was the most common disorder in elderly population in both groups. KEYWORDS Old Age Home, Mental Disorders, Depression, Anxiety

scholarly journals An Experimental Comparison of the Impact of ‘Warning’ and ‘Health Star Rating’ FoP Labels on Adolescents’ Choice of Breakfast Cereals in New Zealand

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hamlin ◽  
Benjamin Hamlin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Vienna Convention ◽  
Single Star ◽  
Star Rating ◽  
Stop Sign ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutritional Label ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

This research investigated the performance of the red, octagonal Vienna Convention traffic ‘STOP’ sign as a front of pack (FoP) warning nutritional label. While the Vienna Convention traffic light system is an established FoP label, the potential of the ‘STOP’ sign in the role has not been investigated. The performance of the ‘STOP’ label was compared with that of a single star (low nutritional value) Australasian Health Star Rating (HSR) label using a fractionally replicated Latin square design. The labels were presented on choice diads of cold breakfast cereal packets. The sample of 240 adolescents aged 16–18 was drawn from a secondary school in the South Island of New Zealand. A large and significant main effect was observed at the p < 0.01 level for the difference between the ’STOP’ sign and the control condition (no nutritional FoP label), and at p < 0.05 for the difference between the HSR and the ‘STOP’ label. There was no significant difference between the HSR FoP and the control condition. A significant non-additivity (interaction) (p < 0.01) was also observed via the fractional replication. The results indicate that the Vienna Convention ‘STOP’ sign is worthy of further research with regard to its potential as an FoP nutritional label.

Attitudes towards sex with alcoholics

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 67-67
Author(s):  
Z.M. Krivokapic ◽  
R.V. Sapic
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
List Type ◽  
Homosexual Orientation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Attitudes Toward Sex ◽  
The Impact

Attitude is defined as acquired disposition, readiness for a certain way of perception, thinking, emotional reacting and behaving. The formation of social attitudes is greatly in influence by a group (alcoholics group). Drinking alcohol also disrupts higher cognitive processes: abstraction, conceptualization, problem solving and influences on different opinions.Our research concerned the impact of chronic alcohol use and membership to alcoholic group as a framework that influences attitudes towards sexuality. 200 persons were sample in this research: 100 alcohol addicts and 100 persons of the control group. The instrument used in this study was-Scale of attitudes toward sex.Statistically significant difference was found in five attitudes:–Differences in two paragraphs point to some homosexual orientation. We can confidently say that this is a “latent homosexuality in an alcoholic”, it is possible that the difference arises because of the presence of homosexuals in the group of alcoholics, although the subjects did not say to have such orientation.–Some conservatism is present in the attitude drinkers to sexuality of the young, they argue that sexual experience can wait until more mature years.–Extramarital relationships are positively evaluated by the control group, while alcoholics show greater disapproval.–Alcoholics have the attitude that sexual arousal does not come with ease, unlike the control group.–They are more liberal about the social situation of people with HIV (a certain degree of identification with an estimated negative social group).Results showed small difference in attitudes between alcoholics and nonalcoholic.

Pollinator Insects and their Impact on Crop Yield of Mustard in Kusma, Parbat, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Narayan Subedi ◽  
Indra Prasad Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pod Length

The diversity of insect pollinators and their impact on crop yield of mustard were studied in Kusma, Parbat, Nepal from December 2018 to April 2019 in four blocks with each having 12 m2 areas. Two plots; treatment and control, were established in each block. Insect diversity was observed from 8 to 16 hrs, with the interval of an hour for three consecutive months (Jan-Feb). Eighty mustard plants were randomly selected, 40 from each plot just before flowering to find the impact of insect pollination on crop yield and these selected plants were examined for various qualitative and quantitative parameters. Altogether 16 species of pollinator insects belonging to five orders and nine families were recorded. Hymenoptera (36 %) was the most abundant order visiting mustard flowers followed by Diptera (34 %), Coleoptera (17 %), Lepidoptera (12 %) and Heteroptera (1 %). The most abundant family was Apidae (35.64 %), followed by Syrphidae (31.84 %). Apis cerana and Eristalis sp. were the most important pollinator insects of mustard. Seven species were found foraging both on pollen and nectar, four species foraging only on nectar and remaining five as casual visitors. The peak foraging activities of majority of the insects were observed between 12 hr to 14 hr. A significant difference was observed in the number of pods (59.80 ± 1.967 and 70.47 ± 2.431), fruit set (70.55 ± 1.362 and 80.94 ± 0.638), number of seeds per pods (16.70 ± 0.248 and 19.30 ± 0.330), diameter of seed (0.133 ± 0.2547 and 0.275 ± 0.0051) and weight of 100 dry seeds (0.33 ± 0.058 and 0.48 ± 0.023) in control and treatment plots whereas, the difference was non-significant in case of pod length between control and treatment plots (P=0.163).

Revalidation of the Flipi Score in the Era of Immunotherapy.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 4437-4437
Author(s):  
German Stemmelin ◽  
Carlos Doti ◽  
Claudia Shanley ◽  
Jose Ceresetto ◽  
Oscar Rabinovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
Intermediate Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The FLIPI prognosis score for follicular lymphoma (FL) was developed based on cases diagnosed between 1985 and 1992, and treated with different schemes that did not include rituximab (R). In the present study, we report the evolution of all FL treated in a single institution through the last decade and analize whether FLIPI mantains its effectiveness to identify different risk groups within patients treated with the new therapeutic alternatives available. Material and Methods: We identified sixty two patients with diagnosis of grade I-II-IIIa FL. Patients characteristics: median age 57.5 yr (r, 30–80); 36 males; 63% stages III–IV, and 37% with bone marrow infiltration at the time of diagnosis. Thirty eight percent had a low risk by FLIPI, 34% had an intermediate risk and 27.4% had a high risk. In 19 pts (30.6%) the initial decision was “watch and wait” but 82% received a form of treatment at some point. R was used in 36 pts (58%) with some of the following regimes: chemotherapy (chemo) + R and/or R as consolidation therapy and/or R as monotherapy and/or R as maintenance therapy. Of all prescribed treatments (excluding R as monotherapy and/or maintenance treatment), 52.8% were chemo alone, 20.2% chemo + R, 21.3% radiotherapy and 5.6% received a bone marrow transplant. Results: we considered the analysis of overall survival (OS) the most appropiate approach, since most treatments were seeking the control of the FL, and not the complete remission or cure. The follow up median time was 53.2 months ± 34.8 1SD. The 5-yr OS for the 62 pts was 81.8% ± 11.3 CI 95%. The 5-yr OS for those with a low, intermediate and high risk FLIPI was 100% −5, 84.2% ± 21 and 52% ±26.2, respectively. The difference in 5-yr OS was statistically significant between low and high risk, intermediate and high risk, but failed to prove a significant difference between low and intermediate risk. Among the different risk factors tested in a univariate analysis only age ≥ < 60 yr old demonstrated a significant difference, 60.7% vs 90%, respectively. Conclusions: The 5-yr OS in our series is higher than the one described in the original FLIPI study (Blood2004; 104:1258–65) which was 81.8% vs 71% for the whole group; 90% vs 78.1% for pts <60 yr old; 60.7% vs 57.7% for ≥ 60 yr old; 100% vs 90.6% for low FLIPI and 84.2% vs 77.6% for intermediate FLIPI. The only group that failed to prove an improvement was the high risk FLIPI with 52% vs 52.5%. The impact of novel therapies was more evident in patients with a low or intermediate FLIPI and was even more evident in patients younger than 60 yr old. According to our results, FLIPI maintains its effectiveness in differentiating two risk groups, i.e., low-intermediate vs high. We believe that the OS curves will probably continue to improve as the treatments that are considered today as the most effective ones, were just included in our series in the last three years.

scholarly journals Impact of potassium fertilizers with different active ingredients and dosages on potato yield in experiments in the Nyírség region

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kruppa ◽  
E. Zsom
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

A five-year experiment was carried out in the Nyírség on its characteristic soil type, brown forest soil to investigate the impact of three types of potassium fertilizers (potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and Patentkali) in three different dosages (80, 160, 240 kg/ha K20), under non-irrigated conditions applying the same dosages of N, P in all treatments (the applied amount was different between years) in 10 treatments including the control on 50 m2-parcels with 3 or 4 replicates. The test plant was cultivar Desiree, Kondor, Agria and Pannonia in 1998 and 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003, respectively. The obtained yields were analyzed by an analysis of variance. Based on the five-year results, the highest yields on the acidic sandy and sandy loam soils were obtained in the treatments with 530-800 kg/ha Patentkali containing 30% of K and 10% of magnesium active ingredients in addition to the same amounts of N and P applications. The dosage of 530 kg/ha Patentkali contains 160 kg/ha K+ 53 kg/ha Mg active ingredients, while the dosage of 800 kg/ha Patentkali contains 240 kg/ha K+ 80 kg/ha Mg active ingredients. It can be concluded that the potassium chloride fertilizer (KCI) was the least effective as regards yields and Patentkali proved to be the most effective fertilizer, it had higher yields than even those of potassium sulfate, the difference in the 160 kg/ha treatments was 17.7%, which was a significant difference. Based on the results of the multi-year experiment, we recommend to apply 530 kg/ha Patentkali fertilizer (160 kg/ha K+ 53 kg/ha Mg active ingredients) for the fertilization in potato under non-irrigated conditions on the acidic sandy and sandy loam forest soils of the Nyírség, which proved to be the most effective treatment and with which we could obtain 30 t/ha yield in the average of the years (with the simultaneous application of N and P).

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