Investigation of schema modes currently activated in patients with psychiatric disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tahir Khalily ◽  
Anna Paulina Wota ◽  
Brian Hallahan
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Psychological Assessments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Schema Modes ◽  
Psychopathic Deviate ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Social Introversion ◽  
Clinical Conditions

AbstractObjectives: To investigate schema modes currently activated in individuals with psychiatric disorders and to attain a greater understanding of healthy and dysfunctional schema modes in this population. Furthermore, we wish to ascertain if individuals who fulfil criteria for clinical (psychiatric) disorders with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), also manifest dysfunctional modes and weaker healthy modes on the Schema Mode Inventory (SMI).Method: Fifty individuals were administered the MMPI and SMI during routine psychological assessments between September 2008 and June 2010.Results: Both healthy schema modes (Happy Child (HC) and dysfunctional schema modes (Compliant Surrender (CS), Detached Self-soother (DSS) and Demanding Parent (DP)) were evident in this population. Positive correlations were noted between several dysfunctional schema modes from the Child, Maladaptive Coping and Maladaptive Parent domains of the SMI and several scales of the MMPI including: Depression (D), Psychopathic deviate (Pd), Masculine feminine (Mf), Paranoia (Pa), Psychasthenia (Ps), Mania (Ma), Schizophrenia (Sc), and Social introversion (Si) (p < 0.001). A negative correlation (p < 0.001) was found between the Healthy Adult (HA) and Happy Child (HC) schema modes of the SMI and the Hypochondriasis (Hs), Depression (D), Psychopathic deviate (Pd), Psychasthenia (Pt), and Social introversion (Si) scales of MMPI.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the presence of several dysfunctional schema modes in individuals with a wide range of clinical (psychiatric) disorders and a strong correlation between dysfunctional schema modes and clinical disorders of the MMPI. The SMI can aid in the assessment and understanding of individuals with a wide range of psychiatric disorders and can also form the basis for Schema Focused Therapy (SFT), a therapy showing promise for a number of clinical conditions, particularly borderline personality disorder.

RepPer: Perception of Psychiatric Disorders on Twitter in French (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Delanys ◽  
Farah Benamara ◽  
Véronique Moriceau ◽  
François Olivier ◽  
Josiane Mothe
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Negative Polarity ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Annotation Scheme ◽  
Word Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Initial Dataset

BACKGROUND With the advent of digital technology and specifically user generated contents in social media, new ways emerged for studying possible stigma of people in relation with mental health. Several pieces of work studied the discourse conveyed about psychiatric pathologies on Twitter considering mostly tweets in English and a limited number of psychiatric disorders terms. This paper proposes the first study to analyze the use of a wide range of psychiatric terms in tweets in French. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to study how generic, nosographic and therapeutic psychiatric terms are used on Twitter in French. More specifically, our study has three complementary goals: (1) to analyze the types of psychiatric word use namely medical, misuse, irrelevant, (2) to analyze the polarity conveyed in the tweets that use these terms (positive/negative/neural), and (3) to compare the frequency of these terms to those observed in related work (mainly in English ). METHODS Our study has been conducted on a corpus of tweets in French posted between 01/01/2016 to 12/31/2018 and collected using dedicated keywords. The corpus has been manually annotated by clinical psychiatrists following a multilayer annotation scheme that includes the type of word use and the opinion orientation of the tweet. Two analysis have been performed. First a qualitative analysis to measure the reliability of the produced manual annotation, then a quantitative analysis considering mainly term frequency in each layer and exploring the interactions between them. RESULTS One of the first result is a resource as an annotated dataset . The initial dataset is composed of 22,579 tweets in French containing at least one of the selected psychiatric terms. From this set, experts in psychiatry randomly annotated 3,040 tweets that corresponds to the resource resulting from our work. The second result is the analysis of the annotations; it shows that terms are misused in 45.3% of the tweets and that their associated polarity is negative in 86.2% of the cases. When considering the three types of term use, 59.5% of the tweets are associated to a negative polarity. Misused terms related to psychotic disorders (55.5%) are more frequent to those related to mood disorders (26.5%). CONCLUSIONS Some psychiatric terms are misused in the corpora we studied; which is consistent with the results reported in related work in other languages. Thanks to the great diversity of studied terms, this work highlighted a disparity in the representations and ways of using psychiatric terms. Moreover, our study is important to help psychiatrists to be aware of the term use in new communication media such as social networks which are widely used. This study has the huge advantage to be reproducible thanks to the framework and guidelines we produced; so that the study could be renewed in order to analyze the evolution of term usage. While the newly build dataset is a valuable resource for other analytical studies, it could also serve to train machine learning algorithms to automatically identify stigma in social media.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Characterisation for Growth and Nut Characteristics Revealed the Extent of Genetic Diversity in Wild Macadamia Germplasm

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 680
Author(s):  
Thuy T. P. Mai ◽  
Craig M. Hardner ◽  
Mobashwer M. Alam ◽  
Robert J. Henry ◽  
Bruce L. Topp
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Wild Germplasm ◽  
Phenotypic Characterisation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Wild Accessions

Macadamia is a recently domesticated Australian native nut crop, and a large proportion of its wild germplasm is unexploited. Aiming to explore the existing diversity, 247 wild accessions from four species and inter-specific hybrids were phenotyped. A wide range of variation was found in growth and nut traits. Broad-sense heritability of traits were moderate (0.43–0.64), which suggested that both genetic and environmental factors are equally important for the variability of the traits. Correlations among the growth traits were significantly positive (0.49–0.76). There were significant positive correlations among the nut traits except for kernel recovery. The association between kernel recovery and shell thickness was highly significant and negative. Principal component analysis of the traits separated representative species groups. Accessions from Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche, M. tetraphylla L.A.S. Johnson, and admixtures were clustered into one group and those of M. ternifolia F. Muell were separated into another group. In both M. integrifolia and M. tetraphylla groups, variation within site was greater than across sites, which suggested that the conservation strategies should concentrate on increased sampling within sites to capture wide genetic diversity. This study provides a background on the utilisation of wild germplasm as a genetic resource to be used in breeding programs and the direction for gene pool conservation.

scholarly journals Perceptions and Attitudes towards Mules in a Group of Sodiers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Javiera Lagos ◽  
Manuel Rojas ◽  
Joao B. Rodrigues ◽  
Tamara Tadich
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Emotional Needs ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Word Attention

Mules are essential for pack work in mountainous areas, but there is a lack of research on this species. This study intends to assess the perceptions, attitudes, empathy and pain perception of soldiers about mules, to understand the type of human–mule relationship. For this, a survey was applied with closed-ended questions where the empathy and pain perception tools were included and later analyzed through correlations. Open-ended questions were analyzed through text mining. A total of 73 soldiers were surveyed. They had a wide range of ages and years of experience working with equids. Significant positive correlations were found between human empathy, animal empathy and pain perception. Soldiers show a preference for working with mules over donkeys and horses. Text mining analysis shows three clusters associated with the mules’ nutritional, environmental and health needs. In the same line, relevant relations were found for the word “attention” with “load”, “food”, and “harness”. When asked what mules signify for them, two clusters were found, associated with mules’ working capacity and their role in the army. Relevant relations were found between the terms “mountain”, “support”, and “logistics”, and also between “intelligent” and “noble”. To secure mules’ behavioral and emotional needs, future training strategies should include behavior and welfare concepts.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Regulation of Cannabinoid-Mediated Attenuation of Inflammation and Its Impact on the Use of Cannabinoids to Treat Autoimmune Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7302
Author(s):  
Bryan Latrell Holloman ◽  
Mitzi Nagarkatti ◽  
Prakash Nagarkatti
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
T Regulatory Cells ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Class ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clinical Disorders

Chronic inflammation is considered to be a silent killer because it is the underlying cause of a wide range of clinical disorders, from cardiovascular to neurological diseases, and from cancer to obesity. In addition, there are over 80 different types of debilitating autoimmune diseases for which there are no cure. Currently, the drugs that are available to suppress chronic inflammation are either ineffective or overtly suppress the inflammation, thereby causing increased susceptibility to infections and cancer. Thus, the development of a new class of drugs that can suppress chronic inflammation is imperative. Cannabinoids are a group of compounds produced in the body (endocannabinoids) or found in cannabis (phytocannabinoids) that act through cannabinoid receptors and various other receptors expressed widely in the brain and immune system. In the last decade, cannabinoids have been well established experimentally to mediate anti-inflammatory properties. Research has shown that they suppress inflammation through multiple pathways, including apoptosis and inducing immunosuppressive T regulatory cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Interestingly, cannabinoids also mediate epigenetic alterations in genes that regulate inflammation. In the current review, we highlight how the epigenetic modulations caused by cannabinoids lead to the suppression of inflammation and help identify novel pathways that can be used to target autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Altered Glutathione Redox State in Schizophrenia

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey K. Yao ◽  
Sherry Leonard ◽  
Ravinder Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
Positive Correlations

Altered antioxidant status has been reported in schizophrenia. The glutathione (GSH) redox system is important for reducing oxidative stress. GSH, a radical scavenger, is converted to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) through glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and converted back to GSH by glutathione reductase (GR). Measurements of GSH, GSSG and its related enzymatic reactions are thus important for evaluating the redox and antioxidant status. In the present study, levels of GSH, GSSG, GPx and GR were assessed in the caudate region of postmortem brains from schizophrenic patients and control subjects (with and without other psychiatric disorders). Significantly lower levels of GSH, GPx, and GR were found in schizophrenic group than in control groups without any psychiatric disorders. Concomitantly, a decreased GSH:GSSG ratio was also found in schizophrenic group. Moreover, both GSSG and GR levels were significantly and inversely correlated to age of schizophrenic patients, but not control subjects. No significant differences were found in any GSH redox measures between control subjects and individuals with other types of psychiatric disorders. There were, however, positive correlations between GSH and GPx, GSH and GR, as well as GPx and GR levels in control subjects without psychiatric disorders. These positive correlations suggest a dynamic state is kept in check during the redox coupling under normal conditions. By contrast, lack of such correlations in schizophrenia point to a disturbance of redox coupling mechanisms in the antioxidant defense system, possibly resulting from a decreased level of GSH as well as age-related decreases of GSSG and GR activities.

scholarly journals Virtual Body Ownership Illusions for Mental Health: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Marta Matamala-Gomez ◽  
Antonella Maselli ◽  
Clelia Malighetti ◽  
Olivia Realdon ◽  
Fabrizia Mantovani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Virtual Body

Over the last 20 years, virtual reality (VR) has been widely used to promote mental health in populations presenting different clinical conditions. Mental health does not refer only to the absence of psychiatric disorders but to the absence of a wide range of clinical conditions that influence people’s general and social well-being such as chronic pain, neurological disorders that lead to motor o perceptual impairments, psychological disorders that alter behaviour and social cognition, or physical conditions like eating disorders or present in amputees. It is known that an accurate perception of oneself and of the surrounding environment are both key elements to enjoy mental health and well-being, and that both can be distorted in patients suffering from the clinical conditions mentioned above. In the past few years, multiple studies have shown the effectiveness of VR to modulate such perceptual distortions of oneself and of the surrounding environment through virtual body ownership illusions. This narrative review aims to review clinical studies that have explored the manipulation of embodied virtual bodies in VR for improving mental health, and to discuss the current state of the art and the challenges for future research in the context of clinical care.

scholarly journals SPECIFIC MARKERS OF NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS WITH MENTAL DISORDERS – REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1359-1363
Author(s):  
Marcin Zarzycki ◽  
Magdalena Flaga-Łuczkiewicz ◽  
Joanna Czuwara ◽  
Lidia Rudnicka
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Sle ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Wide Range

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multiorgan autoimmune disease belonging to spectrum of interest of many medical specialties. Wide range of patients 14−75% with SLE suffers from neuropsychiatric disorders. The problematic diagnosis of neuropsychiatric SLE has generated many studies focusing on etiology of the disease with the presence of specific autoantibodies, abnormalities which can be detected by imaging examinations or correlation with catecholamine levels. The aim of this review paper is to discuss the frequency of neuropsychiatric disturbances in patients with SLE and their potential association with immunological abnormalities and specific disease markers. So far published literature regarding this topic indicates the usefulness of autoantibodies specificity. The use of the specific antibodies may be helpful in targeting diagnostics towards psychiatric disorders, especially depressive ones. Imaging scanning techniques such as computed tomography (CT) have limited value in psychiatric disorders diagnosis but can be useful in neurological symptoms and complains. Therapeutic use of systemic glucocorticosteroids due to anti-inflammatory properties with multidirectional action, may also significantly influence the course of neuropsychiatric diseases, especially in patients with SLE. Awareness of the morbidity of neuropsychiatric disorders and the possibilities of their diagnosis are important in the management of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, which significantly affects the quality of life of patients, treatment efficacy and psyche.

scholarly journals Risk of miscarriage in women with psychiatric disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Maria C. Magnus ◽  
Alexandra Havdahl ◽  
Nils-Halvdan Morken ◽  
Knut-Arne Wensaas ◽  
Allen J. Wilcox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range

Background Some psychiatric disorders have been associated with increased risk of miscarriage. However, there is a lack of studies considering a broader spectrum of psychiatric disorders to clarify the role of common as opposed to independent mechanisms. Aims To examine the risk of miscarriage among women diagnosed with psychiatric conditions. Method We studied registered pregnancies in Norway between 2010 and 2016 (n = 593 009). The birth registry captures pregnancies ending in gestational week 12 or later, and the patient and general practitioner databases were used to identify miscarriages and induced abortions before 12 gestational weeks. Odds ratios of miscarriage according to 12 psychiatric diagnoses were calculated by logistic regression. Miscarriage risk was increased among women with bipolar disorders (adjusted odds ratio 1.35, 95% CI 1.26–1.44), personality disorders (adjusted odds ratio 1.32, 95% CI 1.12–1.55), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (adjusted odds ratio 1.27, 95% CI 1.21–1.33), conduct disorders (1.21, 95% CI 1.01, 1.46), anxiety disorders (adjusted odds ratio 1.25, 95% CI 1.23–1.28), depressive disorders (adjusted odds ratio 1.25, 95% CI 1.23–1.27), somatoform disorders (adjusted odds ratio 1.18, 95% CI 1.07–1.31) and eating disorders (adjusted odds ratio 1.14, 95% CI 1.08–1.22). The miscarriage risk was further increased among women with more than one psychiatric diagnosis. Our findings were robust to adjustment for other psychiatric diagnoses, chronic somatic disorders and substance use disorders. After mutual adjustment for co-occurring psychiatric disorders, we also observed a modest increased risk among women with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (adjusted odds ratio 1.22, 95% CI 1.03–1.44). Conclusions A wide range of psychiatric disorders were associated with increased risk of miscarriage. The heightened risk of miscarriage among women diagnosed with psychiatric disorders highlights the need for awareness and surveillance of this risk group in antenatal care.

Use of the MMPI—A to Assess Personality of Juvenile Male Delinquents Who are Sex Offenders and Nonsex Offenders

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Losada-Paisey
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Juvenile Male ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
Psychopathic Deviate ◽  
Juvenile Males ◽  
The Relationship

The present study investigated the relationship between offender type and personality in 21 juvenile males adjudicated for crimes of a sexual nature and 30 juvenile males adjudicated for nonsexual offenses including Possession of Narcotics, Burglary, Criminal Mischief, Assault, and other crimes involving property. Subjects who were aged 13 to 17 years (mean age 15) and committed to the State of Connecticut, Long Lane School, were administered the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–Adolescent (MMPI–A). Scores on Psychopathic Deviate and Schizophrenia scales contributed most to the juveniles being classified as sex offenders, whereas scores on Hysteria and Psychasthenia contributed primarily to subjects being classified as nonsex offenders. A single discriminant function attained statistical significance, thereby correctly classifying 77% of the nonsex offenders and 71% of the sex offenders. Results indicate that sex offenders may be distinguished from nonsex offenders according to clinical scales of the MMPI–A.

scholarly journals The placebo effect

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundararajan Rajagopal
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common

The placebo effect is a fascinating phenomenon in clinical practice. Studies have shown that there is a significant placebo effect in a wide range of medical conditions including psychiatric disorders. This article looks at the background of the placebo effect, defines the common terms used, describes the various hypotheses that have been put forward to explain this seemingly inexplicable phenomenon and also covers the issue of using placebos in research trials, highlighting the important ethical dilemmas involved. Throughout, specific emphasis is given to psychiatry.

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