scholarly journals Restricted development of mouse triploid fetuses with disorganized expression of imprinted genes

Zygote ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 874-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Yamazaki ◽  
Masashi Takahashi ◽  
Manabu Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Dna Ploidy ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Parental Origin ◽  
Imprinted Genes ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Diploid Complement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mouse Fetuses

SummaryEukaryotic species commonly contain a diploid complement of chromosomes. The diploid state appears to be advantageous for mammals because it enables sexual reproduction and facilitates genetic recombination. Nonetheless, the effects of DNA ploidy on mammalian ontogeny have yet to be understood. The present study shows phenotypic features and expression patterns of imprinted genes in tripronucleate diandric and digynic triploid (DAT and DGT) mouse fetuses on embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5). Measurement of crown–rump length revealed that the length of DGT fetuses (1.87 ± 0.13 mm; mean ± standard error of the mean) was much smaller than that of diploid fetuses (4.81 ± 0.05 mm). However, no significant difference was observed in the crown–rump length between diploid and DAT fetuses (3.86 ± 0.43 mm). In DGT fetuses, the expression level of paternally expressed genes, Igf2, Dlk1, Ndn, and Peg3, remained significantly reduced and that of maternally expressed genes, Igf2r and Grb10, increased. Additionally, in DAT fetuses, the Igf2 mRNA expression level was approximately twice that in diploid fetuses, as expected. These results provide the first demonstration that imprinted genes in mouse triploid fetuses show distinctive expression patterns independent of the number of parental-origin haploid sets. These data suggest that both DNA ploidy and asymmetrical functions of parental genomes separately influence mammalian ontogeny.

scholarly journals Integrated transcriptomics explored the cancer-promoting genes CDKN3 in esophageal squamous cell cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanpeng Wang ◽  
Kai Liao ◽  
Hao Chun Guo ◽  
Suqin Zhou ◽  
Ran Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Seed Gene ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background and objectives Each individual studies is limited to multi-factors and potentially lead to a significant difference of results among them. The present study aim to explore the critical genes related to the development of Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by integrated transcriptomics and to investigate the clinical significance by experimental validation. Methods Datasets of protein-coding genes expression which involved in ESCC were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The “Robustrankaggreg” package in language was used for data integration, and the different expression genes (DEGs) were identified based the cut-off criteria as follows: adjust p-value < 0.05, |fold change (FC)| ≥ 1.5; The protein expression of seed gene in 184 cases of primary ESCC tissues and 50 tumor adjacent normal tissues (at least 5 cm away from the tumor, and defind as the controls) were detected by immunohistochemistry; The relationship between the expression level of seed genes and clinical parameter were analyze. Enumeration data were represented by frequency or percentage (%) and were tested by x2 test. The P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 244 DEGs were identified by comparing gene expression patterns between ESCC patients and the controls based on integrating dataset of GSE77861, GSE77861, GSE100942, GSE26886, GSE17351, GSE38129, GSE33426, GSE20347 and GSE23400; The Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 (CDKN3) were identified the top 1 seed gene of top cluster by use of protein-protein Interaction network and plug-in Molecular Complex Detection; The level of CDKN3 mRNA was significantly increased in ESCC patients compared to controls; The positive expression rate of CDKN3 protein in ESCC tissue samples was 32 and 61.4% in control, respectively. The correlations between the expression level of CDKN3 and lymph node metastasis or clinical staging of ESCC patients are statistically significant. Conclusion Integrated transcriptomics is an efficient approach to system biology. By this procedure, our study improved the understanding of the transcriptome status of ESCC.

scholarly journals Expression Changes of the FOXE1 and Lncrna PTCSC2 Expression in Tumor Tissues Compared with Normal Tissues in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Ghani Dehkordi ◽  
Maryam Peymani
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: In recent studies, methylation of FOXE1 in colorectal cancer has been reported as a diagnostic biomarker. In this study for the first time, the expression of FOXE1 and PTCSC2 in colorectal cancer was investigated and their expression patterns in two healthy and tumor tissues of patients were compared. Methods: In this study, 40 tumor tissues with colorectal cancer and 40 adjacent normal samples were collected. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA synthesis followed. Then, the specific genes for lncRNA PTCSC2 and FOXE1 were amplified. The results were statistically analyzed by Graph Pad Prism software and a T-test was used to compare the expression levels of lncRNA PTCSC2 and FOXE1 in the patients and healthy group; p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant difference criteria. Results: In this study, the FOXE1 expression level was significantly decreased in tumor tissue (p-value = 0.005), whereas the lncRNA PTCSC2 expression level in tumor tissue was not significantly changed (p-value = 0.65). In addition, the expression levels of FOXE1 and lncRNA PTCSC2 did not show a significant relation with disease progression and age of the patients. ROC curve for changes in FOXE1 and lncRNA PTCSC2 expression showed that theFOXE1 gene could be a relatively appropriate independent variable (p-value = 0.03) to differentiate between the two study groups. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, changes in FOXE1 gene expression were significantly reduced in tumor samples and can be used as a biomarker in tumor diagnosis in colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Transformation and functional verification of Cry5Aa in cotton

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihao Zhao ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Qiuping Zhang ◽  
Jiayi Zou ◽  
Zhangshu Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Insect Resistance ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Cotton Bollworm ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Functional Verification ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Transgenic Strains

AbstractMost of the cotton bollworm-resistant genes applied in cotton are more than 20 years and they all belong to Cry1Ab/c family, but the insect-resistant effects of Cry5Aa on cotton were rarely reported. The possible risk of resistance is increasing. The study synthesized a novel bollworm-resistant gene Cry5Aa artificially based on preferences of cotton codon. The new gene was transferred to cotton through the method of pollen tube pathway. The transgenic strains were identified by kanamycin test in field and laboratory PCR analysis. Meanwhile, an insect resistance test was conducted by artificial bollworm feeding with transgenic leaves and GK19 was used as a control in this study. Results showed that rate of positive transgenic strains with kanamycin resistance in the first generation (T1), the second generation (T2) and the third generation (T3) respectively were 7.76%, 73.1% and 95.5%. However, PCR analysis showed that the positive strain rate in T1, T2 and T3 were 2.35%, 55.8% and 94.5%, respectively. The resistant assay of cotton bollworm showed that the mortality rate of the second, third and fourth instar larva feed by the transgenic cotton leaves, were 85.42%, 73.35% and 62.79%, respectively. There was a significant difference between transgenic plant of Cry5Aa and GK19 in insect resistance. Finally, we also conducted the further analysis of gene expression patterns, gene flow and the effect on non-target pest in the study. The results showed that Cry5Aa gene had less environmental impact, and Cry5Aa has been transferred successfully and expressed stably in cotton. Therefore, the novel bollworm resistance gene can partially replace the current insect-resistance gene of Lepidoptera insects.

scholarly journals Verticillium wilt resistant and susceptible olive cultivars express a very different basal set of genes in roots

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Ramírez-Tejero ◽  
Jaime Jiménez-Ruiz ◽  
Alicia Serrano ◽  
Angjelina Belaj ◽  
Lorenzo León ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Olive Cultivars

Abstract Background Olive orchards are threatened by a wide range of pathogens. Of these, Verticillium dahliae has been in the spotlight for its high incidence, the difficulty to control it and the few cultivars that has increased tolerance to the pathogen. Disease resistance not only depends on detection of pathogen invasion and induction of responses by the plant, but also on barriers to avoid the invasion and active resistance mechanisms constitutively expressed in the absence of the pathogen. In a previous work we found that two healthy non-infected plants from cultivars that differ in V. dahliae resistance such as ‘Frantoio’ (resistant) and ‘Picual’ (susceptible) had a different root morphology and gene expression pattern. In this work, we have addressed the issue of basal differences in the roots between Resistant and Susceptible cultivars. Results The gene expression pattern of roots from 29 olive cultivars with different degree of resistance/susceptibility to V. dahliae was analyzed by RNA-Seq. However, only the Highly Resistant and Extremely Susceptible cultivars showed significant differences in gene expression among various groups of cultivars. A set of 421 genes showing an inverse differential expression level between the Highly Resistant to Extremely Susceptible cultivars was found and analyzed. The main differences involved higher expression of a series of transcription factors and genes involved in processes of molecules importation to nucleus, plant defense genes and lower expression of root growth and development genes in Highly Resistant cultivars, while a reverse pattern in Moderately Susceptible and more pronounced in Extremely Susceptible cultivars were observed. Conclusion According to the different gene expression patterns, it seems that the roots of the Extremely Susceptible cultivars focus more on growth and development, while some other functions, such as defense against pathogens, have a higher expression level in roots of Highly Resistant cultivars. Therefore, it seems that there are constitutive differences in the roots between Resistant and Susceptible cultivars, and that susceptible roots seem to provide a more suitable environment for the pathogen than the resistant ones.

Genome-wide screening of m6A-modified transcript in the Wilms’ tumor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Liu ◽  
Feng He ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Shengrong OuYang ◽  
Zexi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Ontology ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gene Ontology Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Wilms’ tumor, also called nephroblastoma, is the most common pediatric renal malignancy. The pathogenesis of Wilms’ tumor has been attributed to several genetic and epigenetic factors. However, the most pervasive internal mRNA modification that affects almost every process of RNA metabolism, RNA N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, has not been characterized in Wilms’ tumor. Methods Wilms’ tumor (WT) and adjacent non-cancerous (NC) tissue samples were obtained from 23 children with nephroblastoma, and the global m6A levels were measured by mass spectrometry. Analyses by m6A-mRNA epitranscriptomic microarray and mRNA microarray were performed, and m6A-related mRNAs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR for input and m6A-immunoprecipitated RNA samples from WT and NC tissues. Gene ontology analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed for differentially expressed genes, and expression of RNA methylation-related factors was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Results The total m6A methylation levels in total RNA of WT samples and NC samples were (0.21 ± 0.01)% and (0.22 ± 0.01)%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference. Fifty-nine transcripts were differentially m6A-methylated between the WT and NC groups, which showed distinct m6A modification patterns. Gene ontology analysis indicated that m6A-modified genes were enriched in cancer-associated pathways, including the mTOR pathway, and conjoint analysis of the unique methylation and gene expression patterns in WT samples suggested an association with metabolic pathways.The mRNA levels of the m6A-related “reader” genes, YTHDF1, YTHDF2 and IGF2BP3, were statistically higher in WT samples than in NC samples. Conclusion This is the first study to determine the m6A modification profiles in Wilms’ tumor. Our data provide novel information regarding patterns of m6A modification that correlate with carcinogenesis in Wilms’ tumor.

First-trimester fetal growth discordance and development of preeclampsia in dichorionic twin pregnancies

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Maric ◽  
Natasha Singh ◽  
Keith Duncan ◽  
Guy J. Thorpe-Beeston ◽  
Makrina D. Savvidou
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Control Study

AbstractTo investigate the relation between first-trimester fetal growth discrepancy, as assessed by crown-rump length (CRL) at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks of gestation, and subsequent development of preeclampsia (PE) in dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twin pregnancies. The association between inter-twin CRL and birth weight (BW) discrepancy was also investigated.This was a retrospective, case-control study of DCDA twin pregnancies. Inter-twin CRL discrepancy was calculated as 100×(larger CRL–smaller CRL)/larger CRL. BW discordance was calculated as 100×(larger BW–smaller BW)/larger BW.The study included 299 DCDA pregnancies that remained normotensive and 35 that subsequently developed PE. There was no significant difference in the inter-twin CRL discrepancy between pregnancies complicated by PE and those that were not [3.2%, interquartile range (IQR): 0.5–4.5% vs. 3.3%, IQR: 1.4–5.5%; P=0.17]. There was a positive correlation between inter-twin CRL and BW discrepancy but only in pregnancies that remained normotensive (P<0.001). In women that subsequently developed PE, there was no association between inter-twin CRL and BW discordance (P=0.54).In unselected DCDA twins, first-trimester CRL discrepancy is not different between pregnancies that subsequently develop PE and those that remain normotensive. Furthermore, in pregnancies that are complicated by PE, the association between inter-twin CRL and BW discrepancy appears to be lost.

scholarly journals Effects of L-655,708 on expression changes of GABA, glutamate, and beta-endorphin induced by propofol anesthesia in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 205873921879670
Author(s):  
Jin Wang ◽  
Xinyi Li ◽  
Huisheng Wu ◽  
Jianjuan Ke ◽  
Zongze Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beta Endorphin ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dentate Gyrus Region

Anesthetics are considered to be one of the important inducing factors of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). The hippocampal region of the rat is one of the action sites of general anesthesia drugs. L 655,708, a reverse agonist of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, can significantly improve short-term memory dysfunction in mice after anesthetized with isoflurane. So the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of L-655,708 on expression of GABA, glutamate (GLU), and beta-endorphin (β-EP) in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus and cognition of rats anesthetized with propofol. In all, 30 male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated into the control group, sham group, and L-655,708 group, with 10 in each group. The cognitive function of rats was measured by Morris water maze before and 1 h after administration. Then the rats were sacrificed for brain tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the expression of GABA, GLU, and β-EP in the hippocampus of anesthetized rats in each group. Compared with the control group, the latency of the sham group and L-655,708 group were significantly prolonged after administration ( P < 0.05). However, L-655,708 could shorten the prolonged latency ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in times of accessing original platform area between the three groups before and after medication ( P > 0.05). The expression level of GABA in the dentate gyrus region of hippocampus of rats in the sham group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P < 0.05), while the expression level in the L-655,708 group was significantly lower than that in the sham group ( P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the expression of GLU in the dentate gyrus region of hippocampus of rats in each group ( P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression of β-EP was significantly lower in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus of sham group rats ( P < 0.05). However, the expression of β-EP in the L-655,708 group was significantly higher than that in the sham group ( P < 0.05). Cognitive dysfunction in rats anesthetized with propofol may be related to high expression of GABA and low expression of β-EP in the hippocampus. The mechanism of L-655,708 in reducing the cognitive impairment in propofol anesthetized rats may be bound up with down-regulating the expression of GABA and increasing the expression of β-EP in the hippocampus.

scholarly journals Η προγνωστική αξία των πρωτεϊνών P53 και P21 σε ασθενείς με καρκίνο του προστάτη μετά από ριζική προστατεκτομή

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Βασίλειος Τζελέπης
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Biochemical Recurrence ◽  
Dna Ploidy ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
P53 Protein Expression ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
P53 Immunoreactivity ◽  
Ploidy Status

Objective: This study assesses the correlation of p53 immunoreactivity andp21 immunoreactivity with biochemical recurrence after radicalprostatectomy.Materials and Methods: P53 protein expression and p21 were evaluated on84 archival paraffin-embedded radical prostatectomy specimens. Patientswere divided into 2 groups for p533: patients with low (38/84, 45%) andpatients with high (46/84, 55%) p53 immunoreactivity and into 5 groups forp21. Patients with expression of p21<1%, patients with p21 expressionbetween 1 and 5%, patients with p21 expression between 5 and 10%,patients with p21 expression between 10 and 20% and finally patients withp21 expression over 20%. The results were correlated with Gleason score,DNA ploidy, stage and serum PSA. Kaplan-Meier biochemical recurrence freesurvival and Cox hazard-regression model were used for analysis.Results: Multivariate analysis revealed p53, DNA ploidy, Gleason score andstage to be independent prognostic factors in the order they are presented.Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a statistically significant difference inbiochemical recurrence when p53 high expression and DNA aneuploidy werecombined. P21 and PSA level according the previus analysis were notindependent prognostic factors. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that stratification for p53expression, p21 expression and DNA ploidy status can provide additionalprognostic information for patients with prostate carcinoma after radicalprostatectomy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of circulating miRNAs and mRNAs expression patterns in autism spectrum disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amany H. Abdelrahman ◽  
Ola M. Eid ◽  
Mona H. Ibrahim ◽  
Safa N. Abd El-Fattah ◽  
Maha M. Eid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Normal Volunteer ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorder is a condition related to brain development that affects a person’s perception and socialization, resulting in problems in social interaction and communication. It has no single known cause, yet several different genes appear to be involved in autism. As a genetically complex disease, dysregulation of miRNA expression and miRNA–mRNA interactions might be a feature of autism spectrum disorder. The aim of the current study was to investigate the expression profile of circulating miRNA-128, miRNA-7 and SHANK gene family in ASD patients and to assess the possible influence of miRNA-128 and miRNA-7 on SHANK genes, which might provide an insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of ASD and introduce noninvasive molecular biomarkers for the disease diagnosis and prognosis. Quantitative real-time PCR technique was employed to determine expression levels of miRNA-128, miRNA-7 and SHANK gene family in blood samples of 40 autistic cases along with 30 age- and sex-matched normal volunteer subjects. Results Our study revealed a statistical significant upregulation of miRNA-128 expression levels in ASD cases compared to controls (p value < 0.001). A statistical significant difference in SHANK-3 expression was encountered on comparing cases to controls (p value < 0.001). However, miRNA-7 expression showed no significant difference between the studied groups. Conclusions MiRNA-128 and SHANK-3 gene are emerging players in the field of ASD. They are promising candidates as noninvasive biomarkers in autism. Future studies are needed to emphasize their pivotal role.

scholarly journals Genomic imprinting and its role in ethiology of human hereditary diseases

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
S. A. Nazarenko
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Genomic Imprinting ◽  
Special Class ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Epigenetic Inheritance ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
Parental Origin ◽  
Imprinted Genes ◽  
Methylation Of Dna ◽  
Differential Gene

Genomic imprinting is a form of non-Mendelian epigenetic inheritance that is defined by differential gene expression depending on its parental origin — maternal or paternal. It is known about 60 imprinted genes many of which effect significantly on the fetus growth and development. Methylation of DNA cytosine bases that defines the interaction of DNA and proteins identifying the modified bases and controls the gene expression through chromatin compacting-decompacting mechanism, is a main epigenetic genom modifier. Disturbances in monoallelic gene expression lead to the development of a special class of human hereditary diseases — genomic imprinting diseases.

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