Application of a Wireless Sensor Network for Multi-Depth Soil Moisture Monitoring at Farm Scale in New Zealand’s Hill Country

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-417
Author(s):  
I. Hajdu ◽  
I. Yule
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Distributed Sensors ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
The North

Hill country farms play a critical role in the New Zealand’s economy and precision agriculture solutions have been increasingly utilised to improve their profitability and resilience. Soil moisture, a spatially and temporally variable factor in pasture productivity, was monitored using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) technology deployed over a hill country farm in the North Island. Geographical Information System assisted spatial methodologies were applied to design a WSN-topography. The integration of spatially distributed sensors and multi-depth soil moisture measurements from various hillslope positions showed that root zone soil moisture was more homogenous as the mean soil moisture increased. Considerable differences were found in soil water profile response to significant rainfall events on steep, rolling and flat surfaces allowing us to construct a clearer picture of the topographical controls on the variability of soil moisture.

scholarly journals Power Reduction with Sleep/Wake on Redundant Data (SWORD) in a Wireless Sensor Network for Energy-Efficient Precision Agriculture

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider Jawad ◽  
Rosdiadee Nordin ◽  
Sadik Gharghan ◽  
Aqeel Jawad ◽  
Mahamod Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Power Reduction ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Redundant Data ◽  
Comparison Results

The use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in modern precision agriculture to monitor climate conditions and to provide agriculturalists with a considerable amount of useful information is currently being widely considered. However, WSNs exhibit several limitations when deployed in real-world applications. One of the challenges faced by WSNs is prolonging the life of sensor nodes. This challenge is the primary motivation for this work, in which we aim to further minimize the energy consumption of a wireless agriculture system (WAS), which includes air temperature, air humidity, and soil moisture. Two power reduction schemes are proposed to decrease the power consumption of the sensor and router nodes. First, a sleep/wake scheme based on duty cycling is presented. Second, the sleep/wake scheme is merged with redundant data about soil moisture, thereby resulting in a new algorithm called sleep/wake on redundant data (SWORD). SWORD can minimize the power consumption and data communication of the sensor node. A 12 V/5 W solar cell is embedded into the WAS to sustain its operation. Results show that the power consumption of the sensor and router nodes is minimized and power savings are improved by the sleep/wake scheme. The power consumption of the sensor and router nodes is improved by 99.48% relative to that in traditional operation when the SWORD algorithm is applied. In addition, data communication in the SWORD algorithm is minimized by 86.45% relative to that in the sleep/wake scheme. The comparison results indicate that the proposed algorithms outperform power reduction techniques proposed in other studies. The average current consumptions of the sensor nodes in the sleep/wake scheme and the SWORD algorithm are 0.731 mA and 0.1 mA, respectively.

scholarly journals Desarrollo de un sistema inalámbrico escalable de medición de humedad del suelo en un cultivo de vid

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Ortega-Corral César ◽  
B. Ricardo Eaton-González ◽  
Florencio López Cruz ◽  
Laura Rocío, Díaz-Santana Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Wireless System ◽  
Different Depths

We present a wireless system applied to precision agriculture, made up of sensor nodes that measure soil moisture at different depths, applied to vine crops where drip irrigation is applied. The intention is to prepare a system for scaling, and to create a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) that communicates by radio frequency with a base station (ET), so that the gathered data is stored locally and can be sent out an Internet gateway.

scholarly journals Rainfed cultivation with supplemental irrigation modelling on seed yield and oil of Coriandrum sativum L. using precision agriculture and GIS moisture mapping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agathos Filintas ◽  
Eleni Wogiatzi ◽  
Nikolaos Gougoulias
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation

Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of rainfed and supplemental irrigation, and sowing period (SP) treatments on Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) yield, essential oil content and umbel heights by applying new agro-technologies (TDR-sensors for soil moisture (SM), GIS, Precision Agriculture, soil-hydraulic analyses and Geostatistical models) for yield and SM root zone geospatial modelling and two-dimensional GIS mapping. Results of laboratory analysis indicated a suitable soil for coriander's growth and revealed that field's soil was characterized Sandy Clay Loam(SCL) with mean values: Soil Organic Matter(SOM) = 1.70%, bulk specific gravity = 1.42 g·cm−3, Plant Available Water = 0.129 cm·cm−1, pH = 7.10 and cation-exchange capacity(CEC) = 19.3 cmol·kg−1. The two-way ANOVA statistical analysis (P = 0.05) results revealed that the irrigation treatments (IR1:rainfed, IR2:rainfed plus supplemental irrigation[best]), and the SP treatments (SP1:October's last week, SP2:November's first week[best]) significantly affects Coriander's seed yield and essential oil content, but the SP have no significant effect on plant's umbel height (P = 0.873). Supplemental irrigation, using a limited amount of water, if applied during the critical crop growth stages, can result in substantial improvement on seed yield (+284.934%), essential oil content (+125.396%) and plant's umbel height (+117.929%). HIGHLIGHT Geostatistical modelling on yield and oil of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), GIS, Precision Agriculture, Rainfed cultivation with supplemental irrigation, Soil and hydraulic analyses, TDR-soil moisture mapping.

Real-Time Distributed Wireless Sensor Network for Monitoring Smart Agricultural Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 573 ◽  
pp. 388-393
Author(s):  
M. Vinoth Kumar ◽  
J. Gobinath ◽  
M. Sangeetha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Main Action

In India 75% land is occupied for agriculture so some recent survey shows 85% of fresh water resources is utilized in every seasonal period. We can overcome this water consumption through the help of embedded wireless sensor equipments. In this paper we projected a new idea, the system have distributed wireless network to monitor a soil-moisture. Temperature sensors are placed in the root zone of the plants and all these sensors are self power sourced through batteries with an inbuilt rechargeable photovoltaic cell to charge them. Using GPRS system it can be monitored accurately from outsource, and another main action to be achieved in this agriculture environment. The overall environment will be monitored through a digital camera to avoid the infection in plants and also fertilizing them in a correct time. The automated system actions are analyzed and monitored in the server or data storage room.

scholarly journals Litter can enhance pasture establishment on non-cultivable hill country

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
K.N. Tozer ◽  
R.A. Moss ◽  
C.A. Cameron ◽  
G.M. Rennie ◽  
G.B. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
The North ◽  
Dead Vegetation ◽  
North And South

The effect of litter (dead vegetation) on establishment of an autumn-sown grass-legume-herb mix was investigated in non-cultivable hill country in Waikato (2013) and in Canterbury (2013, 2014, 2015). In Waikato, increasing litter height increased establishment of sown species by over 3-fold when comparing establishment from herbicide-treated swards with 7 cm or 0 cm (bare ground) of litter (660 versus 190 seedlings/m2). Only perennial ryegrass and white clover established of the seven oversown species in Waikato and none established in Canterbury. In Canterbury, soil surface temperatures were reduced and soil moisture was greater under 7 cm than 0 cm of litter, resulting in a 20% and 50% increase in average soil moisture content on the north and south aspects, respectively. It was concluded that litter enhanced establishment of perennial ryegrass and white clover in Waikato but the ameliorating effect of litter on the soil micro-climate was insufficient to enhance establishment in Canterbury. Keywords: oversowing, pasture establishment, pasture species

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Wireless Communication Strategy for Precision Agriculture Irrigation Control

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5541
Author(s):  
Camilo Lozoya ◽  
Antonio Favela-Contreras ◽  
Alberto Aguilar-Gonzalez ◽  
L.C. Félix-Herrán ◽  
Luis Orona
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Agriculture Irrigation

In smart farming, precision agriculture irrigation is essential to reduce water consumption and produce higher crop yields. Closed-loop irrigation based on soil moisture measurements has demonstrated the capability to achieve a considerable amount of water savings while growing healthy crops. Automated irrigation systems are typically implemented over wireless sensor networks, where the sensing devices are battery-powered, and thus they have to manage energy constraints by implementing efficient communication schemas. Self-triggered control is an aperiodic sampling strategy capable of reducing the number of networked messages compared to traditional periodical sampling. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient communication strategy for closed-loop control irrigation, implemented over a wireless sensor network, where event-driven soil moisture measurements are conducted by the sensing devices only when needed. Thereby, the self-triggered algorithm estimates the occurrence of the next sampling period based on the process dynamics. The proposed strategy was evaluated in a pecan crop field and compared with periodical sampling implementations. The experimental results show that the proposed adaptive sampling rate technique decreased the number of communication messages more than 85% and reduced power consumption up to 20%, while still accomplishing the system control objectives in terms of the irrigation efficiency and water consumption.

scholarly journals A Mathematical Model to Estimate Soil Parameters using Wireless Sensor: An Efficient Way of Data Collection in Precision Agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-372
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Soil Parameters

Environmental and field parameters have high impact on agricultural productivity. The environmental parameters include temperature, humidity, rainfall and wind direction etc. whereas field parameters include salinity, nutrient content, oxygen levels, soil type, soil PH and soil moisture etc. Among them, Soil pH and moisture are highly correlated which can affect soil salinity, nutrient level and soil conductivity. So, these two parameters need to be measure precisely to take management decisions. Till now the process which is applied to measure soil parameters are entirely depends on laboratory testing of soil sample. This process has some overhead like availability of laboratory, manpower and cost. To overcome these challenges, we developed a virgin sensor based automated data collection technique which maintains the agricultural productivity with sustainable development. But practically sensor-based data retain some error which defers from laboratory result. In this paper, we have developed a new efficient technique to reduce the error in calculating pH value using sensors. In this research work, ten different types of soils are tested in laboratory to get the actual (pH level in soil. These values are considered as the ground truth for the experiment. The pH values of all the ten types of soil are collected from the field using wireless sensor. Our proposed mathematical model reduces the error to 0.01 between collected values and ground truth values with back propagation method based on soil moisture, environmental temperature and humidity. Here, the proposed model is empirically tested by taking some real field data values.

scholarly journals Wireless Sensor Network Applications in Healthcare and Precision Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Naila Nawaz Malik ◽  
Wael Alosaimi ◽  
M. Irfan Uddin ◽  
Bader Alouffi ◽  
Hashem Alyami
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Transmission Protocol ◽  
Relative Temperature ◽  
Mesh Topology ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

A wireless sensor network is a large sensor hub with a confined power supply that performs limited calculations. Due to the degree of restricted correspondence and the large size of the sensor hub, packets sent through the sensor network are based primarily on multihop data transmission. Current wireless sensor networks are widely used in a range of applications, such as precision agriculture, healthcare, and smart cities. The network covers a wide domain and addresses multiple aspects in agriculture, such as soil moisture, temperature, and humidity. Therefore, issues of precision agriculture at the output of the network are analyzed using a star and mesh topology with TCP as the transmission protocol. The system is equipped with two sensors: Arduino DFRobot for soil moisture and DHT11 for relative temperature and humidity. The experiments are performed using the NS2 simulator, which provides an improved interface to analyze the results. The results showed that the proposed mechanism has good performance and output.

scholarly journals Monitoring and modelling of soil–plant interactions: the joint use of ERT, sap flow and eddy covariance data to characterize the volume of an orange tree root zone

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 2213-2225 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cassiani ◽  
J. Boaga ◽  
D. Vanella ◽  
M. T. Perri ◽  
S. Consoli
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Richards Equation ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Orange Tree

Abstract. Mass and energy exchanges between soil, plants and atmosphere control a number of key environmental processes involving hydrology, biota and climate. The understanding of these exchanges also play a critical role for practical purposes e.g. in precision agriculture. In this paper we present a methodology based on coupling innovative data collection and models in order to obtain quantitative estimates of the key parameters of such complex flow system. In particular we propose the use of hydro-geophysical monitoring via "time-lapse" electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in conjunction with measurements of plant transpiration via sap flow and evapotranspiration (ET) from eddy covariance (EC). This abundance of data is fed to spatially distributed soil models in order to characterize the distribution of active roots. We conducted experiments in an orange orchard in eastern Sicily (Italy), characterized by the typical Mediterranean semi-arid climate. The subsoil dynamics, particularly influenced by irrigation and root uptake, were characterized mainly by the ERT set-up, consisting of 48 buried electrodes on 4 instrumented micro-boreholes (about 1.2 m deep) placed at the corners of a square (with about 1.3 m long sides) surrounding the orange tree, plus 24 mini-electrodes on the surface spaced 0.1 m on a square grid. During the monitoring, we collected repeated ERT and time domain reflectometry (TDR) soil moisture measurements, soil water sampling, sap flow measurements from the orange tree and EC data. We conducted a laboratory calibration of the soil electrical properties as a function of moisture content and porewater electrical conductivity. Irrigation, precipitation, sap flow and ET data are available allowing for knowledge of the system's long-term forcing conditions on the system. This information was used to calibrate a 1-D Richards' equation model representing the dynamics of the volume monitored via 3-D ERT. Information on the soil hydraulic properties was collected from laboratory and field experiments. The successful results of the calibrated modelling exercise allow for the quantification of the soil volume interested by root water uptake (RWU). This volume is much smaller (with a surface area less than 2 m2, and about 40 cm thick) than expected and assumed in the design of classical drip irrigation schemes that prove to be losing at least half of the irrigated water which is not taken up by the plants.

Using GLEAM soil moisture to improve flash flood simulations at small to medium catchments with a two-layer rainfall-runoff model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc Tu Nguyen ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Haishen Lü
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Flood Simulations

<p>Rainfall-runoff (RR) models play a critical role in water resource management and flood risk mitigations. Accurate depiction of soil moisture (SM) state in hydrological processes is very crucial for flash flood simulations with RR models. Satellite SM data offers a great opportunity to improve flood simulations by providing more accurate information about the SM state. However, how to make full use of satellite SM data to constrain flood model behavior is an important but tricky research issue, which is not fully solved. Here we propose a method to employ both satellite surface and root-zone soil moisture from the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) data to determine initial condition, a key parameter, using a two-layer RR model named as “MISDc-2L”. The flood simulations were performed at an hourly time step at small to medium catchments in China over 2010-2015. Results show that the MISDc-2L model satisfactorily simulates flash floods, and its performance varies with flood magnitude. Specifically, the model generally performs better for high-magnitude floods than medium and small ones. The GLEAM soil moisture data was found to be helpful to determine the initial conditions of the MISDc-2L model and thus substantially improved flood simulations. Furthermore, accounting for the different effects of surface SM and root-zone SM on the quantification of initial conditions clearly improves flood simulations. We conclude that satellite SM data is beneficial to flash flood simulations.</p>

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