WT1 expression in vessels varies with histopathological grade in tumour-bearing and control tissue from patients with breast cancer

Background: We aimed to investigate the associations of breast cancer (BC) and cancer-related chemotherapies with cytokine levels, and cognitive function. Methods: We evaluated subjective and objective cognitive function in BC patients before chemotherapy and 3~9 months after the completion of chemotherapy. Healthy volunteers without cancer were also compared as control group. Interleukins (IL) 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12p70, 13, 17A, 1β, IFNγ, and TNFα were measured. Associations of cancer status, chemotherapy and cytokine levels with subjective and objective cognitive impairments were analyzed using a regression model, adjusting for covariates, including IQ and psychological distress. Results: After adjustment, poorer performance in semantic verbal fluency was found in the post-chemotherapy subgroup compared to controls (p = 0.011, η2 = 0.070); whereas pre-chemotherapy patients scored higher in subjective cognitive perception. Higher IL-13 was associated with lower semantic verbal fluency in the post-chemotherapy subgroup. Higher IL-10 was associated with better perceived cognitive abilities in the pre-chemotherapy and control groups; while IL-5 and IL-13 were associated with lower perceived cognitive abilities in pre-chemotherapy and control groups. Our findings from mediation analysis further suggest that verbal fluency might be affected by cancer status, although mediated by anxiety. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that verbal fluency might be affected by cancer status, although mediated by anxiety. Different cytokines and their interactions may have different roles of neuroinflammation or neuroprotection that need further research.

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Clinical impact of PTEN methylation status as a prognostic marker for breast cancer

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s43141-021-00169-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Amal Ramadan ◽

Maha Hashim ◽

Amr Abouzid ◽

Menha Swellam

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Tumor Markers ◽

Prognostic Marker ◽

Methylation Status ◽

Clinical Impact ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Duct Carcinoma ◽

Cancer Group ◽

And Control

Abstract Background Aberrant DNA methylation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene has been found in many cancers. The object of this study was to evaluate the clinical impact of PTEN methylation as a prognostic marker in breast cancer. The study includes 153 newly diagnosed females, and they were divided according to their clinical diagnosis into breast cancer patients (n = 112) and females with benign breast lesion (n = 41). A group of healthy individuals (n = 25) were recruited as control individuals. Breast cancer patients were categorized into early stage (0–I, n = 48) and late stage (II–III, n = 64), and graded into low grade (I–II, n = 42) and high grade (III, n = 70). Their pathological types were invasive duct carcinoma (IDC) (n = 66) and duct carcinoma in situ (DCI) (n = 46). Tumor markers (CEA and CA15.3) were detected using ELISA. DNA was taken away from the blood, and the PTEN promoter methylation level was evaluated using the EpiTect Methyl II PCR method. Results The findings revealed the superiority of PTEN methylation status as a good discriminator of the cancer group from the other two groups (benign and control) with its highest AUC and increased sensitivity (96.4%) and specificity (100%) over tumor markers (50% and 84% for CEA and 49.1% and 86.4% for CA15.3), respectively. The frequency of PTEN methylation was 96.4% of breast cancer patients and none of the benign and controls showed PTEN methylation and the means of PTEN methylation (87 ± 0.6) were significantly increased in blood samples of breast cancer group as compared to both benign and control groups (25 ± 0.7 and 12.6 ± 0.3), respectively. Methylation levels of PTEN were higher in the blood of patients with ER-positive than in patients with ER-negative cancers (P = 0.007) and in HER2 positive vs. HER2 negative tumors (P = 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier analysis recognizes PTEN methylation status as a significant forecaster of bad progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), after 40 months follow-up. Conclusions PETN methylation could be supposed as one of the epigenetic aspects influencing the breast cancer prognosis that might foretell more aggressive actions and worse results in breast cancer patients.

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The expression of programmed death-ligand 1 and its association with histopathological grade, stage of disease, and occurrence of metastasis in breast cancer

Breast Disease ◽

10.3233/bd-219010 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Agung Sindu Pranoto ◽

Haryasena Haryasena ◽

Prihantono Prihantono ◽

Septiman Rahman ◽

Daniel Sampepajung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Disease Stage ◽

Tumor Escape ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Programmed Death Ligand 1 ◽

Histopathological Grade ◽

Stage Of Disease ◽

Programmed Death ◽

The Relationship

INTRODUCTION: Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays a role in tumor escape and progression by inactivating T lymphocytes. The aim of the study reported here was to determine the relationship between the expression of PD-L1 and histopathological grade, stage of disease, and the occurrence of metastasis in breast cancer. METHODS: The observational cross-sectional study involved analyzing the expression of PD-L1 by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: PD-LI was expressed in 43 of 60 patients with breast cancer (71.6%), mostly with a moderate histopathological grade (58.3%) and at an advanced stage (50%). Associations between the expression of PD-L1 and histopathological grade (p = 0.011), stage of disease (p = 0.009), and the occurrence of metastasis (p = 0.01) were significant, with an odds ratio of 5. CONCLUSION: The associations between the expression of PD-L1 and histopathological grade, disease stage, and occurrence of metastasis were all significant in cases of breast cancer in the sample. Those findings suggest that the expression of PD-L1 increases the progression of breast cancer.

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Myofascial Massage for Chronic Pain and Decreased Upper Extremity Mobility After Breast Cancer Surgery

International Journal of Therapeutic Massage & Bodywork Research Education & Practice ◽

10.3822/ijtmb.v11i3.354 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 4-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jeanne Massingill, LMT, MLD, CST, KT, NMT ◽

Cara Jorgensen, LMT ◽

Jacqueline Dolata, MBA ◽

Ashwini R. Sehgal, MD

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Quality Of Life ◽

Chronic Pain ◽

Upper Extremity ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Cancer Surgery ◽

Breast Cancer Surgery ◽

Mobility Limitations ◽

And Control

Background: Chronic localized pain and decreased upper extremity mobility commonly occur following breast cancer surgery and may persist despite use of pain medication and physical therapy.Purpose: We sought to determine the value of myofascial massage to address these pain and mobility limitations.Setting: The study took place at a clinical massage spa in the U.S. Midwest. The research was overseen by MetroHealth Medical Center’s Institutional Review Board and Case Center for Reducing Health Disparities research staff.Participants: 21 women with persistent pain and mobility limitations 3–18 months following breast surgery.Research Design: We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial where intervention patients received myofascial massages and control patients received relaxation massages.Intervention: Intervention participants received 16 myofascial massage sessions over eight weeks that focused on the affected breast, chest, and shoulder areas. Control participants received 16 relaxation massage sessions over eight weeks that avoided the affected breast, chest, and shoulder areas. Participants completed a validated questionnaire at the beginning and end of the study that asked about pain, mobility, and quality of life.Main Outcome Measures: Outcome measures include change in self-reported pain, self-reported mobility, and three quality-of-life questions.Results: At baseline, intervention and control participants were similar in demographic and medical characteristics, pain and mobility ratings, and quality of life. Compared to control participants, intervention participants had more favorable changes in pain (-10.7 vs. +0.4, p < .001), mobility (-14.5 vs. -0.8, p < .001), and general health (+29.5 vs. -2.5, p = .002) after eight weeks. All intervention and control participants reported that receiving massage treatments was a positive experience.Conclusions: Myofascial massage is a promising treatment to address chronic pain and mobility limitations following breast cancer surgery. Further work in several areas is needed to confirm and expand on our study findings.

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Effect of immunoadjuvants on the disease course in patients with operable breast cancer

Tumors of female reproductive system ◽

10.17650/1994-4098-2018-14-4-20-23 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 20-23

Author(s):

M. M. Vasilyeva ◽

I. P. Moshurov ◽

L. Yu. Grivtsova ◽

N. N. Tupitsyn ◽

N. A. Kozlov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Tumor Tissue ◽

Radical Mastectomy ◽

Control Group ◽

Cancer Management ◽

New Strategy ◽

Breast Cancer Management ◽

Grade Ii ◽

And Control

Background. A new strategy of breast cancer management is required for effective disease prevention and control. Immunotherapy is one of promising options.Objective: to evaluate the effect of immunoadjuvant polyoxidonium on pathmorphological changes in breast tumors.Materials and methods. The study was performed in 75 patients with breast cancer: 50 patients received polyoxidonium in a neoadjuvant regimen (main group), 25 patients did not receive polyoxidonium (control group). Polyoxidonium at a dose of 12 mg was administered intramuscularly 1 time per day on the days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 before surgery; on the day 8, radical mastectomy was performed in patients of both groups, followed by histological examination and determination of the grade of therapeutic pathomorphosis of the tumor.Results. The proportion of cases with grade I therapeutic pathomorphosis was 58 %, grade II therapeutic pathomorphosis – 6 %. Pathomorphosis in metastatic lymph nodes was observed in 22.7 % of cases.Conclusion. The anti-tumor effect of polyoxidonium was confirmed on the basis of the induction of pathomorphosis of the tumor tissue of breast cancer.

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Distinctive Properties of Endothelial Cells from Tumor and Normal Tissue in Human Breast Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22168862 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (16) ◽

pp. 8862

Author(s):

Kinga Wilkus ◽

Klaudia Brodaczewska ◽

Arkadiusz Kajdasz ◽

Claudine Kieda

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Endothelial Cells ◽

Tumor Site ◽

Human Breast ◽

Adhesion Properties ◽

Tumor Microenvironments ◽

Biological Responses ◽

Barrier Formation ◽

Cancer Tumor ◽

And Control

Tumor microenvironments shapes aggressiveness and are largely maintained by the conditions of angiogenesis formation. Thus, endothelial cells’ (ECs) biological reactions are crucial to understand and control the design of efficient therapies. In this work, we used models of ECs to represent a breast cancer tumor site as well as the same, healthy tissue. Cells characterization was performed at the transcriptome and protein expression levels, and the cells functional biological responses (angiogenesis and permeability) were assessed. We showed that the expression of proteins specific to ECs (ACE+, VWF+), their differentiation (CD31+, CD 133+, CD105+, CD34-), their adhesion properties (ICAM-1+, VCAM-1+, CD62-L+), and their barrier formation (ZO-1+) were all downregulated in tumor-derived ECs. NGS-based differential transcriptome analysis confirmed CD31-lowered expression and pointed to the increase of Ephrin-B2 and SNCAIP, indicative of dedifferentiation. Functional assays confirmed these differences; angiogenesis was impaired while permeability increased in tumor-derived ECs, as further validated by the distinctly enhanced VEGF production in response to hypoxia, reflecting the tumor conditions. This work showed that endothelial cells differed highly significantly, both phenotypically and functionally, in the tumor site as compared to the normal corresponding tissue, thus influencing the tumor microenvironment.

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Differential Expression of Serum Exosomal miRNAs in Breast Cancer Patients and Healthy Controls

Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin ◽

10.34172/apb.2022.088 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rahim Asgari ◽

Jafar Rezaie

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Health Concern ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Flow Cytometry Analysis ◽

Breast Cancer Patients ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Exosomal Mirnas ◽

And Control

Purpose: Breast cancer has become as a serious public health concern worldwide. Breast cancer cells release exosomes into the circulatory system, which are easily accessible for further analysis like cancer diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate expression of circulating exosomal miRNAs (miRs) in the serum of individuals with breast cancer and healthy controls. Methods: Exosomes were collected from serum samples using a commercial kit and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and flow cytometry analysis. Expression of miRs such as miR-21, miR-155, miR-182, miR-373, and miR-126 were evaluated by real-time PCR. Results: The result showed that the expression level of exosomal miR-21, miR-155, miR-182, and miR-373 in the serum of breast cancer patients was higher than of those controls (P<0.05). However, expression of miR-126 did not change between breast cancer and control individuals (P>0.05). Conclusion: Our results showed a different miRs expression pattern between breast cancer and healthy samples, supposing potential biomarkers for breast cancer. Further studies focusing on these miRs are required to confirm our findings.

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Effect of Self-care Training on Upper Limb Function and Pain After Breast Cancer Surgery

Medical - Surgical Nursing Journal ◽

10.5812/msnj.121095 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Somyye Noura ◽

Fatemeh Kiani ◽

Nezarali Moulaei ◽

Mojtaba Tasbandi ◽

Ebrahim Ebrahimi Tabas

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Self Care ◽

Control Group ◽

Limb Function ◽

Upper Limb Function ◽

Care Training ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

Background: Breast cancer patients who undergo mastectomy encounter numerous problems, the most annoying of which is lymphedema followed by pain and decreased function in the affected limb. Objectives: This study examined the effect of self-care training on upper limb function and pain after breast surgery. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on two groups of 60 patients with breast cancer in the Oncology Ward of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2021. The patients were selected based on the inclusion criteria and through convenience sampling and were then randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The patients in the intervention group attended self-care training and exercise programs implemented in five sessions in addition to the routine care. One and three months after the intervention, upper limb function and pain were measured with DASH and McGill pain questionnaires. The repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni test were used to compare the pre-, and post-intervention mean scores and mean differences in the two groups. Results: The mean scores of upper limb function one and three months after the training program in the intervention group were lower than the mean scores of the control group. In other words, the quality of upper limb function was not significantly different despite the changes in the first month, but upper limb function significantly improved three months after the intervention (P < 0.001 vs. P = 0.06). The mean pain scores before, one month, and three months after the intervention in the intervention group were 10.4, 35.7, and 6.26, respectively, and the corresponding values in the control group were 10.8, 41.7, and 21.1, respectively, showing significant differences between the two groups, with the intervention group having lower pain scores than the control group (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Since lymphedema and its consequences, including decreased upper limb function and pain, are very serious issues, medical staff can give priority to this training program and implement it to prevent and control these complications.

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The development of rs7107217 genotyping method and initial study of the association of this gene with the breast cancer risk in Vietnamese women

Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences ◽

10.32508/stdjns.v2i5.776 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 40-49

Author(s):

Thanh Thi Ngoc Nguyen ◽

Giau Thi Ngoc Mai ◽

Hue Thi Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Susceptibility ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Coding Region ◽

Cancer Susceptibility Genes ◽

And Control

Breast cancer is the most common cancer for women around the world. The presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on or near the coding region of breast cancer susceptibility genes can affect the regulation of gene expression, which may increase or decrease the risk of breast cancer. BARX2 was showed to stimulate the expression of ERS1, which involved in the development of breast cancer. SNP rs7107217 on 152kb downstream of the BARX2 could affect the level of protein BARX2 and had been proved to associate with the breast cancer risk in populations similar to Vietnamese, including Chinese and Korean. In this study, rs7107217 was genotyped and initially detemined the association with the breast cancer risk in Vietnamese. Real-time PCR HRM was optimized and used to genotype rs7107217 in 117 breast cancer cases and 105 healthy controls. Thereafter, the correlation of this SNP with the risk of breast cancer was initially determined by analyzing the differences in allelic and genotypic frequencies between cases and control groups. The results showed the optimal rs7107217 genotyping condition was successfully developed with the high sensitivity, specificity, and consistency. SNP rs7107217 had high polymorphism with the frequency of minor allele C of 29.9% and 35.3% in case and control, respectively. SNP rs7107217 had been found no association with the breast cancer risk (C vs A: P = 0.23, OR (95% CI) = 0.79 (0.53 – 1.17)). However with the low reliability of the analysis (11.71%) and the high potential related to the formation of breast cancer, the association between rs7107217 and breast cancer risk in Vietnamese population should be further conducted on a larger sample size to get higher accuracy.

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Characteristics and Histopathological Grading of Malignant Spiculated Mass in regards to Histopathological Grading of Breast Cancer Based on The Nottingham Grading System

Biomolecular and Health Science Journal ◽

10.20473/bhsj.v3i1.19134 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Andi Syarti ◽

Ulinta Pasaribu ◽

Dyah Fauziah ◽

Lies Mardiyana ◽

Tri Wulanhandarini

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Mitotic Index ◽

Proliferation Index ◽

Grading System ◽

Nuclear Pleomorphism ◽

Histopathological Grade ◽

Grade Ii ◽

Tubular Formation ◽

Histopathological Grading ◽

Grade Iii

Introduction: Spiculation in mammography is a typical finding for invading breast cancer and is an important criterion in diagnosis and in predicting prognostic and plays an important role in management. The purpose of this research is to determine the characteristics of malignant spiculating mass in mammography in regards to histopathological grading using The Nottingham Grading System.Methods: Patients whom had spiculation in mammography was reviewed using medical record data by two breast imaging consultants and then combined with The Nottingham Grading System criteria obtained from histopathological examination results of core biopsy and surgery specimen. There was 29 cases that met the inclusion criteria.Results: Of the 29 patients that met the inclusion, the spiculated masses grade I, II has mitotic index of 0-12, grade III has mitotic index of 13-25. Histopathologic grade II, III has the most tubular formation of <10%, grade I has 10-75%. Grade I, II has moderate nuclear pleomorphism, grade III has severe nuclear pleomorphism. Most were grade III (44.8%), followed by grade II (37.9%), and minimally grade I (17.2%). Most patients are in stage 3 breast cancer.Conclusion: Malignant spiculated mass with grade I, II has low proliferation index (mitotic index 0-12), histopathological grade II, III had worse cellular differentiation (tubular formation <10%), histopathological grade II, III has moderate to severe nuclear pleomorphism.

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