The impact of smoking different tobacco types on the subgingival microbiome and periodontal health: a pilot study

AbstractSmoking is a risk factor for periodontal disease, and a cause of oral microbiome dysbiosis. While this has been evaluated for traditional cigarette smoking, there is limited research on the effect of other tobacco types on the oral microbiome. This study investigates subgingival microbiome composition in smokers of different tobacco types and their effect on periodontal health. Subgingival plaques were collected from 40 individuals, including smokers of either cigarettes, medwakh, or shisha, and non-smokers seeking dental treatment at the University Dental Hospital in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. The entire (~ 1500 bp) 16S rRNA bacterial gene was fully amplified and sequenced using Oxford Nanopore technology. Subjects were compared for the relative abundance and diversity of subgingival microbiota, considering smoking and periodontal condition. The relative abundances of several pathogens were significantly higher among smokers, such as Prevotella denticola and Treponema sp. OMZ 838 in medwakh smokers, Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella dispar in cigarette smokers, Streptococcus sanguinis and Tannerella forsythia in shisha smokers. Subgingival microbiome of smokers was altered even in subjects with no or mild periodontitis, probably making them more prone to severe periodontal diseases. Microbiome profiling can be a useful tool for periodontal risk assessment. Further studies are recommended to investigate the impact of tobacco cessation on periodontal disease progression and oral microbiome.

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Impact of chronic stress on periodontal health

Journal of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery ◽

10.1051/mbcb/2017028 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 44-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mathieu Gunepin ◽

Florence Derache ◽

Marion Trousselard ◽

Bruno Salsou ◽

Jean-Jacques Risso

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Chronic Stress ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Educational Objective ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Response To Stress ◽

The Impact

Introduction: Periodontal diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms that induce increases in of local and systemic proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in periodontal damage. The onset and evolution of periodontal diseases are influenced by many local and systemic risk factors. Educational objective: In this article, we aim to review the results of the research on the impact of chronic stress on the occurrence, development, and response to periodontal disease treatments and on the pathophysiological mechanisms of periodontal disease. Conclusion: Chronic stress has a negative impact on the occurrence, development, and response to the treatment of periodontal disease via indirect actions on the periodontium. This can result from behavioral changes caused by stress (poor dental hygiene, smoking, etc.) and a direct neuroimmunoendocrinological action related to the consequences (particularly immunological) of the secretion of certain chemicals (e.g., cortisol) induced by the activation of the hypothalamus and the autonomic nervous system in response to stress. These factors necessitate multidisciplinary management (e.g., physician, oral surgeon, and psychologist) of patients to identify subjects with chronic stress and to employ countermeasures to decrease the impact of stress on the periodontium.

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Periodontopathogens: a new view. Systematic review. Part 2

Стоматология детского возраста и профилактика ◽

10.33925/1683-3031-2020-20-2-160-167 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 160-167

Author(s):

E. S. Slazhneva ◽

E. A. Tikhomirova ◽

V. G. Atrushkevich

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

The Past

Relevance. The modern view of periodontitis as a dysbiotic disease that occurs as a result of changes in the microbial composition of the subgingival region is considered in a systematic review.Purpose. To study a new paradigm of development of generalized periodontitis.Materials and methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTS) were selected for the study, including cluster RCTS, controlled (non-randomized) microbiological and clinical studies of the oral microbiome in adult patients with generalized periodontitis over the past 10 years.Results. The transition from a symbiotic microflora to a dysbiotic pathogenic community triggers the host's inflammatory response, which contributes to the development of periodontal diseases. Modern ideas about periodontal pathogenic bacteria dictate new requirements for the treatment of periodontal diseases. The second part of the review examines the microbial profiles of periodontal disease in various nosological forms, the mechanisms of the immune response and approaches to the treatment of periodontal disease from the perspective of biofilm infection.Conclusions. As follows from modern literature periodontitis is to a certain extent caused by the transition from a harmonious symbiotic bacterial community to a dysbiotic one. Recent scientific studies have shown that not single microorganism is not able to cause disease but the microbial community as a whole leads to the development of pathology.

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Is There a Link between Oropharyngeal Microbiome and Schizophrenia? A Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms23020846 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 846

Author(s):

Stanislas Martin ◽

Audrey Foulon ◽

Wissam El Hage ◽

Diane Dufour-Rainfray ◽

Frédéric Denis

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Research Team ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Future Studies ◽

The Subject ◽

The Moment ◽

The Impact ◽

The Brain

The study aimed to examine the impact of the oropharyngeal microbiome in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and to clarify whether there might be a bidirectional link between the oral microbiota and the brain in a context of dysbiosis-related neuroinflammation. We selected nine articles including three systemic reviews with several articles from the same research team. Different themes emerged, which we grouped into 5 distinct parts concerning the oropharyngeal phageome, the oropharyngeal microbiome, the salivary microbiome and periodontal disease potentially associated with schizophrenia, and the impact of drugs on the microbiome and schizophrenia. We pointed out the presence of phageoma in patients suffering from schizophrenia and that periodontal disease reinforces the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Moreover, saliva could be an interesting substrate to characterize the different stages of schizophrenia. However, the few studies we have on the subject are limited in scope, and some of them are the work of a single team. At this stage of knowledge, it is difficult to conclude on the existence of a bidirectional link between the brain and the oral microbiome. Future studies on the subject will clarify these questions that for the moment remain unresolved.

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Probiotics and Periodontal Disease: A Current Update

Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry ◽

10.5005/johcd-4-spl-35 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (Spl) ◽

pp. 35-37

Author(s):

Vivek Gupta ◽

Bhavana Gupta

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Present Article ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Systemic Health ◽

Micro Organisms ◽

The Impact ◽

A Current

ABSTRACT Probiotics are live micro-organisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer health benefits upon the host. Although a lot of work has been done regarding the effects of probiotic applications on systemic health particularly gastro-intestinal, the impact of probiotics on oral health is relatively new with lots of research going on; the area of probiotics and periodontal disease is still in its infancy. The present article summarizes the role of probiotics in periodontal health and disease and its effectiveness in periodontal therapy.

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R/G Value—A Numeric Index of Individual Periodontal Health and Oral Microbiome Dynamics

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2021.602643 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Lucie Najmanova ◽

Lenka Sabova ◽

Magdalena Lenartova ◽

Tatjana Janatova ◽

Jaroslav Mysak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Taxonomic Composition ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Continuous Series ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Diagnostic Potential ◽

G Value

The dysbiosis of oral microbiome (OM) precedes the clinical signs of periodontal disease. Its simple measure thus could indicate individuals at risk of periodontitis development; however, such a tool is still missing. Up to now, numerous microbial taxa were associated with periodontal health or periodontitis. The outputs of most studies could, nevertheless, be slightly biased from following two reasons: First, the healthy group is often characterized only by the absence of the disease, but the individuals could already suffer from dysbiosis without any visible signs. Second, the healthy/diseased OM characteristics are frequently determined based on average data obtained for whole groups of periodontally healthy persons versus patients. Especially in smaller sets of tested individuals the typical individual variability can thus complicate the unambiguous assignment of oral taxa to respective state of health. In this work the taxonomic composition of OM was evaluated for 20 periodontally healthy individuals and 15 patients with chronic periodontitis. The narrowed selection set of the most diseased patients (confirmed by clinical parameters) and the most distant group of healthy individuals with the lowest probability of dysbiosis was determined by clustering analysis and used for identification of marker taxa. Based on their representation in each individual oral cavity we proposed the numeric index of periodontal health called R/G value. Its diagnostic potential was further confirmed using independent set of 20 periodontally healthy individuals and 20 patients with periodontitis with 95 percent of samples assigned correctly. We also assessed the individual temporal OM dynamics in periodontal health and we compared it to periodontitis. We revealed that the taxonomic composition of the system changes dynamically but generally it ranges within values typical for periodontal health or transient state, but far from values typical for periodontitis. R/G value tool, formulated from individually evaluated data, allowed us to arrange individual OMs into a continuous series, instead of two distinct groups, thus mimicking the gradual transformation of a virtual person from periodontal health to disease. The application of R/G value index thus represents a very promising diagnostic tool for early prediction of persons at risk of developing periodontal disease.

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Investigation of Oral Microbiome in Donkeys and the Effect of Dental Care on Oral Microbial Composition

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10122245 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2245

Author(s):

Yiping Zhu ◽

Wuyan Jiang ◽

Reed Holyoak ◽

Bo Liu ◽

Jing Li

Keyword(s):

Dental Treatment ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Dental Procedures ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dental Diseases ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

The Impact

The objective of this study was to investigate the oral microbial composition of the donkey and whether basic dental treatment, such as dental floating, would make a difference to the oral microbial environment in donkeys with dental diseases using high-throughput bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Oral swab samples were collected from 14 donkeys with various dental abnormalities on day 0 (before treatment) and day 20 (twenty days after treatment). It is the first report focusing on the oral microbiome in donkeys with dental diseases and the impact of common dental procedures thereon. Identified in group Day 0 and group Day 20, respectively, were 60,439.6 and 58,579.1 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Several taxa in Day 0 differed significantly from Day 20 at the phylum and genus levels, but no statistically significant difference was observed in richness and diversity of Day 0 and Day 20. The results also indicated that a larger-scale study focusing on healthy donkey oral microbiome, as well as the correlation of dental diseases and oral microbiomes at different time frames following more specific and consistent dental treatment, are warranted.

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Are There Any Common Genetic Risk Markers for Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontal Diseases? A Case-Control Study

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2019/2907062 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Susanne Schulz ◽

Natalie Pütz ◽

Elisa Jurianz ◽

Hans-Günter Schaller ◽

Stefan Reichert

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Case Control ◽

Genetic Variations ◽

The Impact ◽

Control Study

Background. Several studies suggest that there is a biologically plausible connection between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontal diseases (PD). Both disorders are characterized as multifactorial diseases potentially sharing common risk factors. Based on the inflammatory nature of RA and PD, the impact of genetic variations of genes of the immune system on both diseases was studied in this study.Materials and Methods. We conducted a case-control study (n=201) comparing 101 RA patients suffering from periodontal disease of different severities (no/mild PD vs. severe PD) with 100 systemically healthy controls without RA and severe PD. The genotype, allele, and haplotype distributions of 22 SNPs of 13 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were assessed applying sequence-specific PCR.Results. Evaluating the impact of cytokine SNPs in RA, we identified the G allele of rs1801275 in IL4Rα(p=0.043) and the G allele of rs361525 in TNFα(p=0.005) as disease-associated risk factors in bivariate analyses. In multivariate analyses, these significant associations could not be proven. The A allele of rs2430561 in IFNγwas indicative for severe periodontitis among the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (p=0.039). Investigating the impact of rs2430561 in IFNγon comorbidity using binary logistic regression analyses, the A allele was confirmed as an independent risk factor for severe periodontal disease and RA (p=0.024).Conclusions. These results emphasize the association of genetic variations in proinflammatory cytokines (TNFαand IFNγ) and cytokine receptor (IL4Rα) and RA and periodontal diseases. In multivariate analyses, the A allele of IFNγwas proven to be a significant marker of RA and PD comorbidities. The study broadens the knowledge about disease-specific differences in genetic composition and provides an improved understanding of a possible association of both diseases.

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Impact of Periodontal Diseases on Health-Related Quality of Life of Users of the Brazilian Unified Health System

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2013/150357 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Pamella Valente Palma ◽

Paula Liparini Caetano ◽

Isabel Cristina Gonçalves Leite

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Oral Health ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Unified Health System ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

The Impact

Objective.This study assessed the impact of periodontal diseases on health-related quality of life of adult users of the Brazilian Unified Health System.Study Design.A cross-sectional study was conducted on an outpatient basis. The sample included 151 adults treated in the Periodontics section at Dental Specialty Centres of Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais, Brazil). TheOral Health Impact Profile(OHIP-14) measured the impact of periodontal disease on quality of life. Participants were interviewed to obtain self-perception of general and oral health and socioeconomic data, and dental records were consulted to obtain periodontal status data. The values of central tendency of the OHIP-14 were compared with socioeconomic, demographic, and self-reported health predictors using nonparametric tests. The final analysis was performed using multiple linear regressions.Results.The results showed that psychological discomfort and physical disability exhibited a negative impact. The following variables can explain approximately 27% of the impact of oral health conditions on health-related quality of life in this group: periodontal disease, self-perceived oral health, and the need to use or replace dental prosthesis.Conclusion.The need for prosthetic rehabilitation and worse periodontal status are associated with health-related quality of life, which can be predicted by the self-perception of health.

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Gemella haemolysans inhibits the growth of the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91267-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tomohiro Miyoshi ◽

Shogo Oge ◽

Satoshi Nakata ◽

Yuji Ueno ◽

Hidehiko Ukita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Culture Supernatant ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Periodontal Pathogen ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Unstimulated Saliva ◽

Protein Components

AbstractThe oral microbiome plays an important role in the human microbial community and in maintaining the health of an individual. Imbalances in the oral microbiome may contribute to oral and systemic diseases. The progression of periodontal disease is closely related to the growth of bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, in the oral cavity. However, the pathogen growth mechanism specific to periodontal disease remains unknown. This study aimed to identify bacteria associated with periodontal health by focusing on hemolytic bacteria. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from ten periodontitis patients and five healthy subjects to detect and identify the presence of hemolytic bacteria. The saliva of healthy subjects contained a higher proportion of G. haemolysans than saliva samples from patients with periodontitis. Growth inhibition assays indicated that the protein components contained in the culture supernatant of G. haemolysans directly suppressed the growth of P. gingivalis. This study shows that the presence of G. haemolysans in saliva is associated with periodontal health and that it inhibits the growth of P. gingivalis in vitro.

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Minimal Associations between Short-Term Dietary Intake and Salivary Microbiome Composition

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9081739 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1739

Author(s):

Judith Kim ◽

Minyi Lee ◽

Brittany Baldwin-Hunter ◽

Quinn S. Solfisburg ◽

Charles J. Lightdale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Red Meat ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Short Term ◽

Meat Intake ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Esophageal Neoplasia ◽

Red Meat Intake ◽

The Impact

Background: Increasing evidence points to the esophageal microbiome as an important co-factor in esophageal neoplasia. Esophageal microbiome composition is strongly influenced by the oral microbiome. Salivary microbiome assessment has emerged as a potential non-invasive tool to identify patients at risk for esophageal cancer, but key host and environmental factors that may affect the salivary microbiome have not been well-defined. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of short-term dietary intake on salivary microbiome composition. Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 69 subjects prior to upper endoscopy who completed the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour (ASA24) Dietary Assessment. Salivary microbiome composition was determined using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results: There was no significant correlation between alpha diversity and primary measures of short-term dietary intake (total daily calories, fat, fiber, fruit/vegetables, red meat intake, and fasting time). There was no evidence of clustering on beta diversity analyses. Very few taxonomic alterations were found for short-term dietary intake; an increased relative abundance of Neisseria oralis and Lautropia sp. was associated with high fruit and vegetable intake, and an increased relative abundance of a taxon in the family Gemellaceae was associated with increased red meat intake. Conclusions: Short-term dietary intake was associated with only minimal salivary microbiome alterations and does not appear to have a major impact on the potential use of the salivary microbiome as a biomarker for esophageal neoplasia.

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