Synergistic effects in Fe nanoparticles doped with ppm levels of (Pd + Ni). A new catalyst for sustainable nitro group reductions

PtCo/MIL-101(Cr) with high uniform dispersion Pt–Co IMNs synthesized by a polyol reduction method show higher activity for selective catalytic hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes due to the synergistic effect of PtCo and MIL-101(Cr) support.

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Synergistic Effects of 5-Fluorouracil in Combination with Diosmetin in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Biology and Life Sciences Forum ◽

10.3390/ecb2021-10276 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Sareh Kamran ◽

Ajantha Sinniah ◽

Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Flow Cytometry ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽

Software Tool ◽

New Combination ◽

Combination Regimen ◽

Colorectal Cancer Cells

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most commonly occurring cancers. The management of CRC includes laparoscopic surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapies and neoadjuvant treatment. However, conventional chemotherapies have poor impact on combating CRC and are associated with severe toxic effects and high rates of relapse. Therefore, searching for a new combination regimen is a favorable consideration. The aim of this study was to elucidate the synergistic effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and diosmetin in an in vitro model on colorectal cancer cells. An MTT assay was conducted on HCT-116 cancer cells and they were treated with a concentration gradient of 5-FU and diosmetin individually and in combination. The combination index (CI) and dose reduction index (DRI) were calculated using CompuSyn software. Isobologram analysis and synergism determination were performed using the Combenefit software tool and the synergy score was calculated using the SynergyFinder 2.0 software tool. The apoptotic features of the cells were determined via an AO/PI double staining assay and an annexin V assay using a fluorescent microscope and the flow cytometry technique, respectively. The findings showed that the DRI of 5-FU was three-fold lower in the combination with a CI value of less than one, which indicates that there was a synergistic effect. The AO/PI microscopic results revealed signs of apoptosis and dead cells after 72 h of treatment. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that the apoptotic effect of the combination was more prominent compared to 5-FU alone. The findings of this study offer a potential strategy for reducing the cytotoxicity and enhancing the efficacy of 5-FU on colorectal cancer cells through a synergistic study model.

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In situ magnetic and electronic investigation of the early stage oxidation of Fe nanoparticles using X-ray photo-emission electron microscopy

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ◽

10.1039/c4cp02725f ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (48) ◽

pp. 26624-26630 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

C. A. F. Vaz ◽

A. Balan ◽

F. Nolting ◽

A. Kleibert

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Iron Nanoparticles ◽

Early Stage ◽

Photoemission Electron Microscopy ◽

X Ray ◽

Emission Electron ◽

Fe Nanoparticles ◽

Photoemission Electron

In situX-ray photoemission electron microscopy reveals the evolution of chemical composition and magnetism of individual iron nanoparticles during oxidation.

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Synergistic effects of metal hydroxides and fumed nanosilica as fire retardants for polyethylene

Flame Retardancy and Thermal Stability of Materials ◽

10.1515/flret-2019-0004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 30-48

Author(s):

Giulia Fredi ◽

Andrea Dorigato ◽

Luca Fambri ◽

José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta ◽

Alessandro Pegoretti

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Silica Nanoparticles ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Metal Hydroxide ◽

Flow Index ◽

Fire Performance ◽

Cone Calorimetry ◽

Neat Polymer ◽

Limiting Oxygen Index

AbstractThis work aims to study the synergistic effect of aluminum/magnesium hydroxide microfillers and organomodified fumed silica nanoparticles as flame retardants (FRs) for linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and to select the best composition to produce a fire-resistant polyethylene-based single-polymer composite. The fillers were added to LLDPE at different concentrations, and the prepared composites were characterized to investigate the individual and combined effects of the fillers on the thermo-oxidation resistance and the fire performance, as well as the microstructural, physical, thermal and mechanical properties. Both filler types were homogeneously distributed in the matrix, with the formation of a network of silica nanoparticles at elevated loadings. Melt flow index (MFI) tests revealed that the fluidity of the material was not considerably impaired upon metal hydroxide introduction, while a heavy reduction of the MFI was detected for silica contents higher than 5 wt%. FRs introduction promoted a noticeable enhancement of the thermo-oxidative stability of the materials, as shown by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and onset oxidation temperature (OOT) tests, and superior thermal properties were measured on the samples combining micro- and nanofillers, thus evidencing synergistic effects. Tensile tests showed that the stiffening effect due to a high content of metal hydroxide microparticles was accompanied by a decrease in the strain at break, but nanosilica at low concentration contributed to preserve the ultimate mechanical properties of the neat polymer. The fire performance of the samples with optimized compositions, evaluated through limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry tests, was strongly enhanced with respect to that of the neat LLDPE, and also these tests highlighted the synergistic effect between micro- and nanofillers, as well as an interesting correlation between fire parameters and viscosity.

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One-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Yellow and Green Emitting Silicon Quantum Dots with Synergistic Effect

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9030466 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 466

Author(s):

Zhixia Zhang ◽

Chunjin Wei ◽

Wenting Ma ◽

Jun Li ◽

Xincai Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dots ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Biomedical Science ◽

Future Application ◽

Quantum Yields ◽

Silicon Quantum Dots ◽

Long Wavelength ◽

One Step

The concept of synergistic effects has been widely applied in many scientific fields such as in biomedical science and material chemistry, and has further attracted interest in the fields of both synthesis and application of nanomaterials. In this paper, we report the synthesis of long-wavelength emitting silicon quantum dots based on a one-step hydrothermal route with catechol (CC) and sodium citrate (Na-citrate) as a reducing agent pair, and N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine (DAMO) as silicon source. By controlling the reaction time, yellow-emitting silicon quantum dots and green-emitting silicon quantum dots were synthesized with quantum yields (QYs) of 29.4% and 38.3% respectively. The as-prepared silicon quantum dots were characterized by fluorescence (PL) spectrum, UV–visible spectrum, high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Zeta potential. With the aid of these methods, this paper further discussed how the optical performance and surface characteristics of the prepared quantum dots (QDs) influence the fluorescence mechanism. Meanwhile, the cell toxicity of the silicon quantum dots was tested by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) bromide method, and its potential as a fluorescence ink explored. The silicon quantum dots exhibit a red-shift phenomenon in their fluorescence peak due to the participation of the carbonyl group during the synthesis. The high-efficiency and stable photoluminescence of the long-wavelength emitting silicon quantum dots prepared through a synergistic effect is of great value in their future application as novel optical materials in bioimaging, LED, and materials detection.

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High thermoelectric performance of polycrystalline In4Se3−δ(CuI)x: synergistic effects of the Se-deficiency and CuI-doping

Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers ◽

10.1039/c6qi00340k ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (12) ◽

pp. 1566-1571 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yan-Chun Chen ◽

Hua Lin ◽

Li-Ming Wu

Keyword(s):

Synergistic Effect ◽

Power Factor ◽

Figure Of Merit ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Thermoelectric Performance ◽

Thermoelectric Figure Of Merit ◽

Thermoelectric Figure ◽

Se Deficiency

Synergistic effect of Se-deficiency and CuI-doping significantly enhances the thermoelectric figure-of-merit of the n-type polycrystalline In4Se3-based materials via improving the power factor. With In4Se2.95(CuI)0.01, ZT = 1.34 at 723 K, the highest value obtained for Pb-free polycrystalline In4Se3-based materials to date.

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Synergistic effect of IgG4 antibody and CTLs causes tissue inflammation in IgG4-related disease

International Immunology ◽

10.1093/intimm/dxz073 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 163-174

Author(s):

Takanori Sasaki ◽

Taiki Yajima ◽

Tatsuro Shimaoka ◽

Shuhei Ogawa ◽

Takashi Saito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Lymphoid Tissues ◽

Irreversible Damage ◽

Tissue Specific ◽

Related Disease ◽

Igg4 Related Disease ◽

Igg4 Antibody

Abstract IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is characterized by multi-organ irreversible damage resulting from tissue-specific infiltration of IgG4+ plasma cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). However, whether IgG4 antibody contributes to the inflammation remains unclear. In this study, we established a mouse model that enabled us to evaluate the pathogenic function of IgG4 antibodies in response to a tissue-specific autoantigen using recombinant ovalbumin (OVA)-specific human IgG4 monoclonal antibody (rOVA-hIgG4 mAb) and the mice expressing OVA of the pancreatic islets (RIP-mOVA mice). We found no inflammatory effect of rOVA-hIgG4 mAb transfer alone; however, co-transfer with OVA-specific CD8 CTLs (OT-I T cells) induced tissue damage with dense lymphocytic inflammation in the pancreas of RIP-mOVA mice. rOVA-hIgG4 mAb caused accumulation of conventional DC1 cells (cDC1s) in the lymphoid tissues, and the dendritic cells (DCs) activated the OT-I T cells via cross-presentation. We also revealed that the synergistic effects of CTLs and antibodies were observed in the other subclasses including endogenous antibodies if they recognized the same antigen. The transfer of OVA-specific CD4 helper T cells (OT-II T cells) into RIP-mOVA mice induced the production of anti-OVA antibody, which had a synergistic effect, through acquisition of a T follicular helper (TFH) phenotype. Moreover, using OT-II T cells deficient in Bcl6 caused lower anti-OVA antibody production and inflammation with OT-I T cells. Our results indicated that autoreactive IgG4 antibodies play an important role of the tissue-specific CTL response in IgG4-RD.

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ACT001, a novel PAI-1 inhibitor, exerts synergistic effects in combination with cisplatin by inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway in glioma

Cell Death and Disease ◽

10.1038/s41419-019-1986-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Xiaonan Xi ◽

Ning Liu ◽

Qianqian Wang ◽

Yahui Chu ◽

Zheng Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Glioma Cell ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Akt Pathway ◽

Phase I Clinical Trials ◽

Glioma Cell Proliferation ◽

Pai 1

Abstract PAI-1 plays significant roles in cancer occurrence, relapse and multidrug resistance and is highly expressed in tumours. ACT001, which is currently in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). However, the detailed molecular mechanism of ACT001 is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of ACT001 on glioma cell proliferation and clarified its mechanism. We discovered that PAI-1 was the direct target of ACT001 by a cellular thermal shift assay. Then, the interaction between ACT001 and PAI-1 was verified by Biacore assays, thermal stability assays and ACT001 probe assays. Furthermore, from the proteomic analysis, we found that ACT001 directly binds PAI-1 to inhibit the PI3K/AKT pathway, which induces the inhibition of glioma cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Moreover, the combination of ACT001 and cisplatin showed a synergistic effect on the inhibition of glioma in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that PAI-1 is a new target of ACT001, the inhibition of PAI-1 induces glioma inhibition, and ACT001 has a synergistic effect with cisplatin through the inhibition of the PAI-1/PI3K/AKT pathway.

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