scholarly journals Winning the fight against biofilms: the first six-month study showing no biofilm formation on zwitterionic polyurethanes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4709-4721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huifeng Wang ◽  
Daniel Edward Christiansen ◽  
Shafigh Mehraeen ◽  
Gang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Attachment

To prevent biofilms and biofoulings, a versatile zwitterionic polyurethane material platform was invented with an unmatched anti-fouling potency, as shown by a 6-month study where no bacterial attachment or biofilm formation was observed.

scholarly journals Biofilm Formation in Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni: Structure and Development

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Pilar Sabuquillo ◽  
Jaime Cubero
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Xanthomonasarboricola pv. pruni (Xap) causes bacterial spot of stone fruit and almond, an important plant disease with a high economic impact. Biofilm formation is one of the mechanisms that microbial communities use to adapt to environmental changes and to survive and colonize plants. Herein, biofilm formation by Xap was analyzed on abiotic and biotic surfaces using different microscopy techniques which allowed characterization of the different biofilm stages compared to the planktonic condition. All Xap strains assayed were able to form real biofilms creating organized structures comprised by viable cells. Xap in biofilms differentiated from free-living bacteria forming complex matrix-encased multicellular structures which become surrounded by a network of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Moreover, nutrient content of the environment and bacterial growth have been shown as key factors for biofilm formation and its development. Besides, this is the first work where different cell structures involved in bacterial attachment and aggregation have been identified during Xap biofilm progression. Our findings provide insights regarding different aspects of the biofilm formation of Xap which improve our understanding of the bacterial infection process occurred in Prunus spp and that may help in future disease control approaches.

scholarly journals Blocking of Bacterial Biofilm Formation by a Fish Protein Coating

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 3551-3558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Munk Vejborg ◽  
Per Klemm
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Muscle Extract ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inert Surfaces

ABSTRACT Bacterial biofilm formation on inert surfaces is a significant health and economic problem in a wide range of environmental, industrial, and medical areas. Bacterial adhesion is generally a prerequisite for this colonization process and, thus, represents an attractive target for the development of biofilm-preventive measures. We have previously found that the preconditioning of several different inert materials with an aqueous fish muscle extract, composed primarily of fish muscle α-tropomyosin, significantly discourages bacterial attachment and adhesion to these surfaces. Here, this proteinaceous coating is characterized with regards to its biofilm-reducing properties by using a range of urinary tract infectious isolates with various pathogenic and adhesive properties. The antiadhesive coating significantly reduced or delayed biofilm formation by all these isolates under every condition examined. The biofilm-reducing activity did, however, vary depending on the substratum physicochemical characteristics and the environmental conditions studied. These data illustrate the importance of protein conditioning layers with respect to bacterial biofilm formation and suggest that antiadhesive proteins may offer an attractive measure for reducing or delaying biofilm-associated infections.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm potencies of dermcidin-derived peptide DCD-1L against Acinetobacter baumannii: an in vivo wound healing model

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Farshadzadeh ◽  
Maryam Pourhajibagher ◽  
Behrouz Taheri ◽  
Alireza Ekrami ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Modarressi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

Abstract Background The global emergence of Acinetobacter baumannii resistance to most conventional antibiotics presents a major therapeutic challenge and necessitates the discovery of new antibacterial agents. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro and in vivo anti-biofilm potency of dermcidin-1L (DCD-1L) against extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-, pandrug-resistant (PDR)-, and ATCC19606-A. baumannii. Methods After determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of DCD-1L, in vitro anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm activities of DCD-1L were evaluated. Cytotoxicity, hemolytic activity, and the effect of DCD-1L treatment on the expression of various biofilm-associated genes were determined. The inhibitory effect of DCD-1L on biofilm formation in the model of catheter-associated infection, as well as, histopathological examination of the burn wound sites of mice treated with DCD-1L were assessed. Results The bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in all A. baumannii isolates were inhibited at 2 × , 4 × , and 8 × MIC of DCD-1L, while only 8 × MIC of DCD-1L was able to destroy the pre-formed biofilm in vitro. Also, reduce the expression of genes involved in biofilm formation was observed following DCD-1L treatment. DCD-1L without cytotoxic and hemolytic activities significantly reduced the biofilm formation in the model of catheter-associated infection. In vivo results showed that the count of A. baumannii in infected wounds was significantly decreased and the promotion in wound healing by the acceleration of skin re-epithelialization in mice was observed following treatment with 8 × MIC of DCD-1L. Conclusions Results of this study demonstrated that DCD-1L can inhibit bacterial attachment and biofilm formation and prevent the onset of infection. Taking these properties together, DCD-1L appears as a promising candidate for antimicrobial and anti-biofilm drug development.

scholarly journals Understanding How Staphylococcal Autolysin Domains Interact With Polystyrene Surfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radha P. Somarathne ◽  
Emily R. Chappell ◽  
Y. Randika Perera ◽  
Rahul Yadav ◽  
Joo Youn Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Limited Proteolysis ◽  
Cd Spectroscopy ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Binding Interaction ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Structural Details

Biofilms, when formed on medical devices, can cause malfunctions and reduce the efficiency of these devices, thus complicating treatments and serving as a source of infection. The autolysin protein of Staphylococcus epidermidis contributes to its biofilm forming ability, especially on polystyrene surfaces. R2ab and amidase are autolysin protein domains thought to have high affinity to polystyrene surfaces, and they are involved in initial bacterial attachment in S. epidermidis biofilm formation. However, the structural details of R2ab and amidase binding to surfaces are poorly understood. In this study, we have investigated how R2ab and amidase influence biofilm formation on polystyrene surfaces. We have also studied how these proteins interact with polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs) using biophysical techniques. Pretreating polystyrene plates with R2ab and amidase domains inhibits biofilm growth relative to a control protein, indicating that these domains bind tightly to polystyrene surfaces and can block bacterial attachment. Correspondingly, we find that both domains interact strongly with anionic, carboxylate-functionalized as well as neutral, non-functionalized PSNPs, suggesting a similar binding interaction for nanoparticles and macroscopic surfaces. Both anionic and neutral PSNPs induce changes to the secondary structure of both R2ab and amidase as monitored by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. These changes are very similar, though not identical, for both types of PSNPs, suggesting that carboxylate functionalization is only a small perturbation for R2ab and amidase binding. This structural change is also seen in limited proteolysis experiments, which exhibit substantial differences for both proteins when in the presence of carboxylate PSNPs. Overall, our results demonstrate that the R2ab and amidase domains strongly favor adsorption to polystyrene surfaces, and that surface adsorption destabilizes the secondary structure of these domains. Bacterial attachment to polystyrene surfaces during the initial phases of biofilm formation, therefore, may be mediated by aromatic residues, since these residues are known to drive adsorption to PSNPs. Together, these experiments can be used to develop new strategies for biofilm eradication, ensuring the proper long-lived functioning of medical devices.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Changes Induced in the Probiotic Escherichia coli M17 Following Recurrent Exposure to Antimicrobials

2021 ◽  
pp. 158-167
Author(s):  
M. J. A. Mbarga ◽  
I. V. Podoprigora ◽  
E. G. Volina ◽  
A. V. Ermolaev ◽  
L. A. Smolyakova
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Similar Work

Introduction: It is already well known that the exposure of certain bacteria, pathogenic or not, to antimicrobials is likely to increase their virulence and induce the development of direct or cross resistance to antimicrobials, but there is almost no information available regarding probiotics. Aim: To assess the changes induced in susceptibility to antibiotics, biofilm formation, growth rate and relative pathogenicity in the probiotic Escherichia coli M17 (EC-M17) after long exposure to antimicrobials namely ampicillin, kanamycin, cefazolin and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Methods: After determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of the 4 antimicrobials above-mentioned by the microdilution method, EC-M17 was exposed to increasing subinhibitory doses ranging from MIC/8 to MIC for 8 days. The susceptibility to antibiotics of the mutants obtained was assessed by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, biofilm formation by the Congo red agar method and with crystal violet bacterial attachment assay, and relative pathogenicity was assessed using a Galleria melonella waxworm model. Results: Exposure to antimicrobials induces noticeable changes in EC-M17. The highest adaptation to antimicrobials was observed on AgNPs with 8-fold increase in MIC and 16-fold increase in MBC of AgNPs. EC-M17 exposed to ampicillin, kanamycin and silver nanoparticles became resistant to ampicillin, ceftazidime, ceftazidime/clavulanate and tetracycline while exposure to cefazolin induced a significant decrease in sensitivity to tetracycline and ampicillin and resistance to ceftazidime/clavulanate and ceftazidime. The strain exposed to ampicillin was the only one to produce more biofilm than the control strain and except the EC-M17 exposed to cefazolin, all other EC-M17 strains were more pathogenic on G. melonella model than the control. Conclusion: Data in this investigation suggest that repeated exposure of the probiotic EC-M17 to antimicrobials may induce changes in antimicrobials susceptibility, biofilm formation, growth rate, and relative pathogenicity. Therefore, as far as possible, the probiotic E. coli M17 should not be used in combination with antibiotics and further investigations are required to expand similar work on more probiotics in order to avoid resistance build-up which might be transmitted by horizontal transfer.

An Alanine-Rich Peptide Attenuates Quorum Sensing-Regulated Virulence and Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 1228-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raid Al Akeel ◽  
Ayesha Mateen ◽  
Rabbani Syed
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Microarray Gene Expression ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner

Abstract Background: Alanine-rich proteins/peptides (ARP), with bioactivity of up to 20 amino acid residues, can be observed by the body easily during gastrointestinal digestion. Objective: Populus trichocarpa extract’s capability to attenuate quorum sensing-regulated virulence and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus is described. Methods: PT13, an ARP obtained from P. trichocarpa, was tested for its activity against S. aureus using the broth microdilution test; a crystal-violet biofilm assay was performed under a scanning electron microscope. The production of various virulence factors was estimated with PT13 treatment. Microarray gene expression profiling of PT13-treated S. aureus was conducted and compared with an untreated control. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) was estimated to observe the PT13 inhibition activity. Results: PT13 was antimicrobial toward S. aureus at different concentrations and showed a similar growth rate in the presence and absence of PT13 at concentrations ≤8 μg/mL. Biofilm production was interrupted even at low concentrations, and biofilm-related genes were down-regulated when exposed to PT13. The genes encoding cell adhesion and bacterial attachment protein were the major genes suppressed by PT13. In addition, hemolysins, clumping activity, and EPS production of S. aureus decreased after treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusions: A long-chain PT13 with effective actions that, even at low concentration levels, not only regulated the gene expression in the producer organism but also blocked the virulence gene expression in this Gram-positive human pathogen is described. Highlights: We identified a PT13 as a potential antivirulence agent that regulated production of bacterial virulence determinants (e.g., toxins, enzymes and biofilm), downwards and it may be a promising anti-virulence agent to be further developed as an anti-infective agent.

scholarly journals The Antimicrobial Effect of Radiant Catalytic Ionization on the Bacterial Attachment and Biofilm Formation by Selected Foodborne Pathogens under Refrigeration Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1364
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Skowron ◽  
Karolina Jadwiga Skowron ◽  
Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska ◽  
Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska ◽  
Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Glass Surface ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Food Contact Surfaces ◽  
Reduction Efficiency

The decontamination of food contact surfaces is a major problem for the food industry. The radiant catalytic ionization (RCI) method, based on the ionization process, may be an alternative for conventional decontamination procedures. The advantage of this technique is the possibility of its application to household refrigerating appliances and industrial cold rooms. This study aimed to assess the effect of RCI on the reduction of Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella Enteritidis from the biofilms formed on a glass surface under refrigeration conditions. Bacterial biofilms were exposed to RCI for 24 h and after 12 (variant I) and 72 h (variant II) of the glass surface contamination. In the last variant (III), the contaminated meat was placed on the glass surface in the refrigerator and subjected to RCI treatment for 72 h. The significantly highest values of absolute reduction efficiency coefficient E were found for the bacterial attachment stage of biofilm formation (variant I). The research proves the efficiency of the RCI method in the reduction of bacteria number from a glass surface.

Nanoengineered Superhydrophobic Surfaces to Prevent Adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes for Improved Food Safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1401-1407
Author(s):  
Bog Eum Lee ◽  
Youngsang You ◽  
Won Choi ◽  
Eun-mi Hong ◽  
Marisa M. Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Electrochemical Etching ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Superhydrophobic Surfaces ◽  
List Type ◽  
Ptfe Film ◽  
Steel Surfaces

HighlightsNanoporous superhydrophobic surfaces were fabricated using electrochemical etching and Teflon coating.Adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes to the nanoengineered stainless steel surfaces was reduced.Self-cleanable food-contact surfaces prevent bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation.Abstract. Bacterial attachment on solid surfaces and subsequent biofilm formation is a significant problem in the food industry. Superhydrophobic surfaces have potential to prevent bacterial adhesion by minimizing the contact area between bacterial cells and the surface. In this study, stainless steel-based superhydrophobic surfaces were fabricated by manipulating nanostructures with electrochemical etching and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film. The formation of nanostructures on stainless steel surfaces was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The stainless steel surfaces etched at 10 V for 5 min and at 10 V for 10 min with PTFE deposition resulted in average water contact angles of 154° ±4° with pore diameters of 50 nm. In addition, adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes was decreased by up to 99% compared to the bare substrate. These findings demonstrate the potential for the development of antibacterial surfaces by combining nanoporous patterns with PTFE films. Keywords: Electrochemical etching, PTFE, Nanoengineered surface, L. monocytogenes, Superhydrophobic.

scholarly journals Influence of Physicochemical Aspects of Substratum Nanosurface on Bacterial Attachment for Bone Implant Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Mediaswanti
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Nanostructured Surface ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Implant Materials ◽  
Periprosthetic Infections

Biofilm formation on implant materials is responsible for periprosthetic infections. Bacterial attachment is important as the first stage in biofilm formation. It is meaningful to understand the influence of nanostructured surface on bacterial attachment. This review discusses the influence of physicochemical aspects of substratum nanosurface on bacterial attachment.

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