scholarly journals Smallholders’ willingness to pay for dura marking oil palm seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 00011
Author(s):  
Diana Chalil ◽  
Mohammad Basyuni ◽  
Riantri Barus ◽  
Lollie AP Putri
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Conjectural Variations ◽  
Marking Technique ◽  
Thick Shells ◽  
Service Data ◽  
Land Size

In 2018, around 4 million ha of oil palm smallholdings need to be replanted. Indonesia could utilize this moment to improve smallholdings’ productivity by ensuring the usage of good quality seeds. For the industry, Dura is considered as bad seeds as its thick shells can damage the machine and the oil content is low. Therefore, most mills do not want to buy it, hence the selling price is low. In fact, most smallholdings’ use uncertified seedlings that include many contaminated Dura. Unfortunately, smallholders can only detect this 3 years after the planting and spending a considerable amount of production costs. Actually, to avoid the unnecessary loss a Dura marking technique can be applied to the oil palm seeds. However, most smallholders are unlikely consider Dura usage as an important issue due to the higher weight and higher sales revenue. This study is conducted to analyse smallholders’ willingness to pay (WTP) for seed marking service. Data is collected from 60 independent smallholders in Labuhan Batu Utara, which mostly use the uncertified seedlings. The willingness to pay is measured with Conjectural Variations Approach, revealing 71% of the respondents are willing to pay the Dura seed marking service, although still with a minimum level of WTP. Pearson Chi Square Correlation Test shows that the WTP for Dura Marking Service is only significantly correlated with the smallholders’ knowledge and perception, but not with their land size and experience. Based on the results, a number of policy implication are included.

MOTIVATION AND OBSTACLES FACED BY WOMEN HALAL FASHION ENTREPRENEURS AND ROLE OF THE BUSINESS ON WOMEN'S ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENTIN YOGYAKARTA INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Martiana ◽  
Maesyaroh . ◽  
Sobar .
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Price ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Special Programs ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to analyze motivation and obstacles of women entrepreneurs in running their business and how the role of the business on women economic empowerment. Design/Methodology/Approach – The data were collected through an in-depth interviews on three key informants and survey via structured questionnaires conducted on 42 of  entrepreneurs and female employees in the field of halal fashion in Yogyakarta city and its surrounding districts to gather information on their motivation and constraints in running the business and also the role of the business to the respondent’s economic empowerment. Using the mixed methods, the research is conducted in Yogyakarta province which is an example of cultural diversity as an educational and cultural center in Indonesia. Findings –  The result of this study show that motivation in running a business comes from themselves affected by the existing environment. The obstacles encountered are the high price of raw material causing highly production costs and highly selling price. Meanwhile,  capital problem associated with the lack of confidence especially in the Islamic financial institutions also occurred.  The results of chi-square test show that the business play a role in empowering the economics of the respondents through employment opportunities, income, and increased authority on making decisions. The special programs / training supported by technologyin business practice should be held to improve the quality of existing business. Practical implications – The practical implications extend to policy holders and practitioners in Islamic finance and banking to improve the better cooperation between halal capital providers and entrepreneurs in order to develop halal fashion business in Indonesia Originality/value –  This study is one of the first to investigate the motivation and obstacles of women entrepreneurs in running their business and how the role of the businesson their  economic empowerment in Yogyakarta Indonesia.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH FAKTOR PRODUKSI TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS USAHATANI KELAPA SAWIT POLA SWADAYA DI DESA SUNGAI BULUH KECAMATAN KUANTAN SINGINGI HILIR, KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Edward Panjaitan ◽  
Ujang Paman ◽  
Darus
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunch

ABSTRACT Palm oil is one of the potential commodities that is widely cultivated by farmers in Singingi Hilir Regency. This study aims to analyze the farmers’ characteristics and profile of oil palm farming, the use of factors of production, costs, production, income and efficiency of oil palm farming, and the effect of production factors on oil palm farming productivity. The research was conducted during 6 months, starting from September 2018 to February 2019. Survey location was selected in Sungai Buluh Village Kuantan Singingi Hilir District Kuantan Singingi Regency and samples were purposively selected as 38 farmers. The samples were farmers who have oil palm farming with age between 10-15 years. Data were collected by survey method, consisting of primary data and secondary data. The results showed that the average age of farmers was 46.32 years, the education level of farmers averaged 9.61 years, the average number of family members was 4 person with having experience on oil palm cultivation was 13.84 years. The average of farmers’ land area was 3.63 ha. The average of oil palm production cost was IDR 40,227,034/year, consisting of variable costs of IDR 39,818,783 and fixed costs of IDR 408,251.  The average of oil palm production in fresh fruit bunch was 64,740 kg/year with a selling price of IDR 1,449/kg and revenue was IDR 93,813,371/year. Moreover, the profit obtained was IDR 53,586,337/year and efficiency value (RCR) was 2.33. The land area and urea fertilizer had a significant effect on palm oil productivity in Sungai Buluh Village, Singingi Hilir District, Kuantan Singingi Regency. Keywords:Production factors, Oil palm farming, Productivitas, Swadya pattern.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of a Hyaluronic Acid Production Process Utilizing Streptococcal Fermentation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Rafael G. Ferreira ◽  
Adriano R. Azzoni ◽  
Maria Helena Andrade Santana ◽  
Demetri Petrides
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Fed Batch Culture ◽  
Economic Analyses

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a polysaccharide of alternating d-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine residues present in the extracellular matrix of connective, epithelial, and nervous tissues. Due to its singular hydrating, rheological and adhesive properties, HA has found numerous cosmetic and medical applications. However, techno-economic analyses of high value-added bioproducts such as HA are scarce in the literature. Here, we present a techno-economic analysis of a process for producing HA using Streptococcus zooepidemicus, simulated in SuperPro Designer. In the baseline scenario, HA is produced by batch fermentation, reaching 2.5 g/L after 24 h. It is then centrifuged, diafiltered, treated with activated carbon and precipitated with isopropanol. The product is suitable for topical formulations and its production cost was estimated as 1115 $/kg. A similar scenario, based on fed-batch culture and assuming a titer of 5.0 g/L, led to a lower cost of 946 $/kg. Moreover, in two additional scenarios, 10% of the precipitated HA is diverted to the production of a highly pure and high-molecular weight HA, suitable for injectable applications. These scenarios resulted in higher capital and operating costs, but also in higher profits, because HA for injectable use has a higher selling price that more than compensates for its higher production costs.

scholarly journals ANALISIS STUKTUR, KINERJA, DAN PERILAKU INDUSTRI ROKOK KRETEK DAN ROKOK PUTIH DI INDONESIA PERIODE 1991-2008

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Gustyanita Pratiwi ◽  
Lukytawati Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Cigarette Industry

<em>Tobacco industry is one of important manufacturing industry in Indonesia. There are several changes in structure, performance, and behavior of this industry during 1991-2008. This study aim is to analyze the differences between clove cigarette and white cigarette industries with SCP method. Analysis of industrial structure with CR4 index and barriers to entry. Industry performance is measured by Price Cost Margin (PCM) approach. Factors that affect the performance itself are analyzed by the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The results of structural analysis show that the level of industry concentration of clove cigarettes went from tight oligopoly (84.29 percent) to medium oligopoly (52.65 percent) during research period. In contrast, white cigarette industry remained in tight oligopoly level with an average value of CR4 about 94.33 percent. The average value of MES which reflects the barrier to entry in white cigarette industries is higher (95.17 percent) than in cigarette industries (72.85 percent). Regression analysis on a clove cigarette industry indicates that the variable X-eff and growth are significantly positive, whereas a variable number of firms significantly negative effect on PCM. In white cigarette industry, a significant variable to the PCM is the X-eff  (0.366799). The analysis of behavior between the two industries cannot be separated from government regulation, especially in setting of the selling price. Promotion, although it increasing production costs, remains to be important strategy to maintain the industry market share.</em>

scholarly journals Rectified ethanol production cost analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Budimir ◽  
Marko Jaric ◽  
Branislav Jacimovic ◽  
Srbislav Genic ◽  
Nikola Jacimovic
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Total Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Investment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

This paper deals with the impact of the most important factors of the total production costs in bioethanol production. The most influential factors are: total investment costs, price of raw materials (price of biomass, enzymes, yeast), and energy costs. Taking into account these factors, a procedure for estimation total production costs was establish. In order to gain insight into the relationship of production and selling price of bioethanol, price of bioethanol for some countries of the European Union and the United States are given.

Technical and Economic Evaluation of Three Types of Tomato Nutrient Solutions under Semi-Controlled Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lady Arbelaez ◽  
John Rivera ◽  
Alejandro Hurtado-Salazar ◽  
Nelson Ceballos-Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
General Production ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

<p>This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three types of nutrient solutions on the development, performance, quality and cost of chonto tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> L.) under semi-controlled conditions. The assessment was conducted in the farm Tesorito, Manizales, Colombia. An experimental design was established in randomized complete blocks (RCB), with 3 treatments, 4 replicates per treatment and 10 effective plants per replicate. The variables were: height of the first cluster, production per plant, yield t ha-1 and qualities of the fruit. The economic variables were production costs, cost-benefit ratio (C/BR), rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV). In general, production per plant was greater than 4.7 kg plant<sup>-1</sup> and the average yield was 92 t ha<sup>-1</sup>. The use of conventional fertilization (tt2) generated increased production of premium quality fruit with a value of 37.11 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, demonstrating that conventional soil fertilization implemented in this culture under semi-controlled conditions in the company of drip irrigation system in the root zone improve outcomes of productive variables, increasing profitability and competitiveness with a net profit of USD$ $ 25203.68 ha<sup>-1</sup>, with average selling price of USD$ 0.45 per kilogram and a unit production margin of USD$ 0.21 per kilogram, making this technology attractive and economically viable.</p>

scholarly journals Factors influencing interest of Slovak consumers' in organic dairy products

10.5219/1137 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 538-546
Author(s):  
Iveta Ubrežiová ◽  
Tatiana Kráľová ◽  
Jana Kozáková
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Organic Dairy ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age Category

The aim of the article is to analyse the dependency of selected factors (age category, level of income and gender) on consumers' willingness to buy organic dairy products. The primary research based on the electronic interview survey carried out on the sample of 203 Slovak respondents of all ages, in different social situations and with different views on the issue. The questionnaire consisted of seven sorting questions and six questions addressed consumers' perception of organic dairy products and the reasons for their purchase or rejection. For evaluation the Chi square test of square contingency was used. Results were sorted into tree parts. The aim of the firts part of research was to find out whether there is a dependency between the age category of the respondents and whether they are buying organic dairy products. Results showed that the age category of the respondents and purchase of organic dairy products are independent. The second part of the research based on the examination of the dependency between the level of income of the respondents and their willingness to pay for organic products. In this case we confirmed the dependency between the customers' average income per month and their willingness to pay for organic dairy products. Last but not least, the dependency between the reasons that would discourage consumers from buying organic dairy products and their gender was examined. The results of analysis clearly showed that these two variables are independent. Despite generally persisted opinions that food of daily consumption in bio quality (organic) is mainly bought by women of specific age categories (joung independent woman after graduation, mothers on maternity leave) we can confirm just the significance of the impact of customers' average income per month on their willingness to pay for these high quality and therefore expensive products.

scholarly journals Economic analysis of up-to-date sour cherry or in Hungary

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2.) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Apáti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Personal Cost ◽  
Profit Analysis

In this study cost-profit analysis is carried out to up-to-date Hungarian sour cherry orchards. These orchards cover only 1 to 3 thousand hectares from the sour cherry territory of 16 thousand hectares. In a many-year-average a yield of 15 tons per hectare may be reached in up-to-date sour cherry orchards cultivated under high standard conditions. Per hectare direct production costs take up of approximately 1000 thousand HUF, from which the major portion (60%) is accounted for the personal cost of harvesting. Regarding the above mentioned average yield and a selling price of 100 HUF per kilogram a revenue of 1 500 thousand HUF may be realized, which results in a per hectare contribution of 500 thousand HUF. To sum up, regarding the present extremely unfavourable selling price only reaching an average yield of 15 to 20 tons per hectare may lead to appropriate profit.

scholarly journals The Appropriate Calculation Cost of Goods Manufactured as Pricing Strategy for Small Sized Enterprises (SMEs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Popon Rabia Adawia ◽  
Aprilia Puspasari ◽  
Ayu Azizah ◽  
Asep Asep ◽  
Dede Mustomi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Variance Calculation ◽  
Supporting Materials ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research aims to identify all production costs incurred in production, to calculate the cost of goods manufactured correctly using the Process Costing Method and decision making for determining the selling price of shoes. The research was taken in one of small-sized enterprises shoe factory in East Karawang. The research method is descriptive comparative with a qualitative approach. The descriptive method is used to describe the production costs incurred in the production process including the raw materials costs, supporting materials costs, labor costs, and factory overhead costs. In this research, the data used are primary and secondary data. The COGM calculation results in show that there is variance calculation between company system and process costing method. It is due to calculations that companies do not identify production costs in detail, therefore the company’s COGM calculation is inaccurate. The COGM calculation appropriately can be the company’s strategy to determine the selling price. so that company profits can continue to increase.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Biaya Produksi Dan Biaya Operasional Terhadap Laba Perusahaan Farmasi Di Indonesia Pada Kurun Waktu 2016 - 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Anshori Budiono ◽  
Nofriandi Nofriandi ◽  
Tuti Herawati ◽  
Zaharuddin Zaharuddin ◽  
Supriyadi Supriyadi
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Linearity Test ◽  
The Relationship

Consumer goods have direct demand characteristics, meaning that consumers are the determinants of purchasing consumer goods. On the other hand, the pricing of consumer goods is determined by retailers, not by producers. Under these conditions, the production and operational costs for producing goods must be as small as possible so that the retailer's selling price to the public can be accepted by consumers.The purpose of this study is to see the effect of increasing production costs and operating costs of pharmaceutical companies in Indonesia in the period 2016 to 2018. The research method is carried out by processing quarterly data on production costs, operating costs, and net income of two pharmaceutical companies in Indonesia during that period. The linearity test of the relationship was carried out by Spearman, Kendall, and Pearson correlation analysis. Meanwhile, to get the relationship, multiple regression was carried out using the Ordinary Least Square and Weighted Least Square methods From the data analysis, using the OLS method, the coefficient values ??of the increase in production costs and operating costs are 0.393 and 0.002. Meanwhile, the WLS method obtained the coefficient values ??of 0.382 and 0.010. This study concludes that there is a potential for increasing profits which is dominated by production factors. In this case, there is the potential to increase the company's profit by increasing production capacity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document