Risk factors and prevalence of taeniasis among the Karen people of Tha Song Yang District, Tak Province, Thailand

Taeniasis remains a prevalent public health problem in Thailand. National helminthiasis surveys report only the incidence of Taenia spp. eggs. The ability to differentiate Taenia species using morphological and molecular techniques is vital for epidemiological surveys. This study detected taeniasis carriers and other helminthic infections by Kato’s thick smear technique and identified the Taenia species by multiplex PCR. The study subjects were the ethnic Karen people in Tha Song Yang District, Tak Province, Thailand, bordering Myanmar. In total, 983 faecal samples from villagers were examined for helminthiases. Interview-based questionnaires were used to gather information on possible risk factors for infection. The prevalence of helminth infections was 42.7% (420/983), including single (37.3%, 367/983) and mixed infections (5.4%, 53/983). The most common infection (19.23%, 189/983) was Ascaris lumbricoides, whereas taeniasis carriers comprised 2.8% (28/983). Multiplex PCR of Cox1 was used for species identification of Taenia tapeworms, eggs, or both in 22 taeniasis carriers. Most of the parasites (20 cases) were Taenia solium, with two cases of Taenia saginata. Taenia saginata asiatica was not found in the villagers examined. The analysis of 314 completed questionnaires showed that a statistically significant (p < 0.05) risk of taeniasis was correlated with being male, a history of being allowed to forage during childhood, a history of seeing tapeworm proglottids, and a history of raw or undercooked pork consumption. Health education programmes must seek to reduce and prevent reinfection in these communities.

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Incidence and Risk Factors for Severe Pneumonia in Children Hospitalized with Pneumonia in Ujjain, India

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17134637 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (13) ◽

pp. 4637

Author(s):

Sunil Kumar Kasundriya ◽

Mamta Dhaneria ◽

Aditya Mathur ◽

Ashish Pathak

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Severe Pneumonia ◽

World Health ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Open Defecation ◽

History Of ◽

Poor Ventilation ◽

Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Health Organization

Childhood pneumonia is a major public health problem. The aim of this prospective hospital-based study is to determine the incidence and risk factors for community-acquired severe pneumonia in children in Ujjain, India. The study includes 270 children, 161 (60%) boys and 109 (40%) girls, aged between 2 months and 5 years with World Health Organization defined and radiologically confirmed severe pneumonia. Considering the 270 children, 64% (95% confidence interval (CI) 57.9–69.4) have severe pneumonia. The following are identified as risk factors for severe pneumonia from the generalized logistic regression model: Born premature (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 7.50; 95% CI 2.22–25.31; p = 0.001); history of measles (AOR 6.35; 95% CI 1.73–23.30; p = 0.005); incomplete vaccination (AOR 2.66; 95% CI 1.09–6.48; p = 0.031); acyanotic congenital heart disease (AOR 9.21; 95% CI 2.29–36.99; p = 0.002); home treatment tried (AOR 3.84; 95% CI 1.42–10.39; p = 0.008); living in a kuchha house (AOR 3.89; 95% CI 1.51–10.01; p = 0.027); overcrowding (AOR 4.50; 95% CI 1.75–11.51; p = 0.002);poor ventilation in living area (AOR 16.37; 95% CI 4.67–57.38; p < 0.001); and practicing open defecation (AOR 16.92; 95% CI 4.95–57.85; p < 0.001). Awareness of these risk factors can reduce mortality due to severe pneumonia.

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Risk factors related to childbirth in El Salvador

ALERTA Revista Científica del Instituto Nacional de Salud ◽

10.5377/alerta.v2i2.7922 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 144-152

Author(s):

Fátima Larisa Chavarría Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

El Salvador ◽

Multiple Pregnancy ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Clinical History ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Prevalence Ratios

Introduction. Preterm birth is a public health problem, considered a high risk factor for morbidity, disability and neonatal mortality. Objective. Characterize risk factors related to preterm birth in El Salvador. Methodology. Analytical cross-sectional study of risk factors related to preterm birth, in women who received childbirth care in the national public health system, during 2017. Data was obtained from the Perinatal Information System. 44 891 cases were analyzed. Qualitative variables were analyzed through absolute values and frequencies, and the quantitative variables, through absolute values, frequency and central tendency measures, using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 24 program. The analysis of relation of variables, was performed with the Epidat version 3.1 program, through the calculation of prevalence ratios (PR) and the calculation of Odds Ratio (OR), both analysis with a 95% confidence interval and a value of p <0.05. Results. 9.5% of the deliveries attended were preterm. The risk analysis through the calculation of prevalence ratios showed that women with a multiple pregnancy were 14 times more likely to have a preterm birth. Preterm birth was 4.7 times more frequent in women with a clinical history of diabetes mellitus and 2.4 times more frequent, with a history of high blood pressure. Conclusions. Women who have a multiple pregnancy and pregnant women with a clinical history of chronic diseases, and an obstetric history of preeclampsia, are more likely to have a preterm birth. Likewise, obesity and inadequate age for pregnancy, mainly women over 35 years, are also related to preterm birth.

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RISK FACTORS FOR HEPATITIS;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.05.1197 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (05) ◽

pp. 661-666

Author(s):

MUHAMMAD ASHRAF CHAUDHRY ◽

BUSHRA GHULAM ◽

LAILA KHALID ◽

Marryam Shaheen Ahmed ◽

Amnah -

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Transfusion ◽

Surgical Procedures ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Large Reservoir ◽

Different Types ◽

History Of

Background: Infections with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are worldwide public health problem. Thisis related to the continued occurrence of new infections and the presence of a large reservoir of chronically infected persons. Objective:To determine the frequency of risk factors (causes of transmission) for HBV and HCV infections in hospitalized patients of CMH, Lahoreand Sheikh Zayed hospital, Lahore. Design: Descriptive (cross sectional). Setting: The study was carried out in CMH, Lahore and SheikhZayed hospital, Lahore from January, 2012 to July, 2012. Methods: The patients were selected by consecutive (non-probability)sampling technique. The data was collected through questionnaire. Informed written consent was obtained SPSS version 16.0 was usedto calculate the descriptive statistics. Results: Out of total of 100 subjects, 50 were cases and 50 were controls. Out of 50 cases, 26%were HBV positive and 74% were HCV positive with female preponderance. The history of injections was very high in both the groups,making a total of 64% (14% HBV; 16% HCV) the important contributors for different types of hepatitis were blood transfusion (HBV =10%; HCV = 28%; controls = 14%). Surgical procedures (4% HBV, 28% HCV; 8% controls). History of piercing in the last six months(HBV = 6%; HCV = 22% and control = 8%). History of dental procedures in the last six months was higher in HCV patients (18% HCV and4% HBV). History of HBV or HCV positive patients or relatives at home. (HBV 18%; HCV 36%; control 30%). Conclusions: In Pakistan thereis an urgent need to raise the public awareness about importance of properly screened blood transfusion, use of disposable needles andusing new blades for shaving and haircuts especially at barber shops. In our study, the important contributors for different types ofhepatitis were blood transfusion, surgical procedures and history piercing in the last 6months.

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The Prevalence of Risk Factors for the Development of Bacteraemia in Children

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2018.418 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 2023-2029 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sayed Yousef Mojtahedi ◽

Aliakbar Rahbarimanesh ◽

Leila Khedmat ◽

Anahita Izadi

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Severe Sepsis ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽

Blood Cultures ◽

The Other ◽

History Of

AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of risk factors for bacteremia in children less than 15 years of age was determined in Bahrami Hospital during 2013-2016. METHODS: This study conducted on 84 children aged 3 months’ to15 years old, who hospitalised in the pediatrics ward and the PICU in Bahrami Hospital from 2012 to 2016. Our study consisted of 46 boys (54.2%) and 38 girls. Moreover, 24.1% of subjects (20 patients) were entered in the study as young as three months old, followed by three months to three years (49.4 %; 41 subjects), and 3 to 15 years of age (26.5%; 22 individuals). RESULTS: The average hospitalization duration was determined to be 15.30 ± 8.75 days. Moreover, our results revealed that a history of blood transfusion in 11.2% of patients. On the other hand, 35.7% of cases were determined to be positive for blood cultures. The microorganisms reported from positive blood cultures include Enterobacter (81.48%), Escherichia coli (11.11%) and Klebsiella (3.70%). Also, 50% of patients were hospitalised in the internal ward, 12% received immunosuppressive drugs, and 96.4% of the patients had a history of vaccination. CONCLUSION: Pediatric severe sepsis remains a burdensome public health problem, with prevalence, morbidity, and mortality rates similar to those reported in critically ill adult populations. International clinical trials targeting children with severe sepsis are warranted.

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Risk factors for human cysticercosis morbidity: a population-based case-control study

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268897007619 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 119 (2) ◽

pp. 231-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

W. CAO ◽

C. P. B. VAN DER PLOEG ◽

J. XU ◽

C. GAO ◽

L. GE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Taenia Solium ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Prevalence Survey ◽

History Of ◽

Behavioural Factors ◽

Control Study

A population-based case-control study to determine social and behavioural risk factors for Taenia solium cysticercosis in humans was carried out in a rural area, Shandong province, China. Forty-eight cases with cysticercosis were ascertained through a prevalence survey conducted among 7281 persons in 1993. For each case, four controls residing in the same village and matched for age and sex were randomly selected. Information regarding demographic, social and behavioural factors was collected during house visits through interviews and direct observation. Risk factors strongly associated with human cysticercosis included poor personal hygiene, being unable to recognize cysticerci-containing meat, poor pig-raising practices and a history of passing tapeworm proglottides. The results indicate that health education in combination with chemotherapy for taeniasis is required for the control of cysticercosis in humans.

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Suicide, A Public Health Problem in Brazil

10.5772/intechopen.99071 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Cecília de Souza Minayo ◽

Camila Alves Bahia

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Health Problem ◽

Age Groups ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

World Health ◽

History Of ◽

Health Organization

This text focuses on the situation of suicide in Brazil, defines and quantifies information, and presents a description of the main risk factors, as well as a reflection on the phenomenon and the possibilities for prevention. Fatal suicide is a serious public health problem. In 2012, 172 member states of the World Health Organization registered 804,000 self-inflicted deaths, representing an annual rate of 11.4/100,000, of which 15/100,000 men and 8.0/100,000 women. Consummate suicide rates are unevenly distributed globally, within countries, according to sex and according to age groups. The mortality rate is highest in Asia (17.7/100 thousand inhabitants), followed in Europe (12/100 thousand inhabitants). The Americas have a mortality rate of 7.3/100 thousand inhabitants (WHO, 2014). In Brazil, with an unevenly distributions between the regions, gender and ages, the total rate is 4.5/100,000. In the country and everywhere, risk factors are classified as medical, psychiatric and psychological, micro social, social and environmental. The history of the occurrence of suicides shows that it is possible to prevent them and to reduce the incidence rates. This requires investment in local diagnostics and multidisciplinary action. Given the delicacy of the problem and the taboos that surround it, the protection network for people at risk for suicide needs to be constantly in the process of training and taking action. As national and international surveys show, at least two-thirds of the individuals who tried or committed suicide had somehow communicated to friends, family, acquaintances or health professionals their intention to kill themselves.

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High Burden of Hypertension Among Adult Population in Rural Districts of Northwest Ethiopia: a Call for Community Based Intervention

10.21203/rs.3.rs-970743/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Destaw Fetene Teshome ◽

Shitaye Alemu Balcha ◽

Tadesse Awoke Ayele ◽

Asmamaw Atnafu ◽

Mekonnen Sisay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Adult Population ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Community Based ◽

Rural Districts ◽

History Of ◽

Family History Of Hypertension

Abstract Background: Estimating prevalence and identifying risk factors of hypertension are paramount important to develop strategies to prevent hypertensive disease. Although, hypertension is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, there is scarcity of evidence in rural areas of the country. Hence, this study is aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adult population in rural districts of northwest Ethiopia.Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted from June to October, 2020. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select 1177 study participants. A face to face interview was conducted using an adapted version of the WHO STEPwise approach questionnaire. The blood pressure was measured three times using aneroid sphygmomanometer and the mean of the last two readings were used for the analysis. Data were entered using Epidata and analyzed using STAT-14. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with hypertension.Results: Of the total participants, 218(18.5%) were found to be hypertensive. The prevalence of hypertension consistently increased with age. Hypertension was positively and significantly associated with female sex ((adjusted odd ratio (AOR)=2.30, 95% CI: 1.53, 3.45)), age group 45-54 years (AOR=4.63, 95% CI: 1.01, 21.37), 55-64 years (AOR=14.40, 95% CI: 3.07, 67.63), ³65 years (AOR=19.37, 95% CI: 4.03, 93.09), having history of alcohol consumption (AOR=3.25, 95% CI: 1.17, 9.02), used much amount of salt (AOR=2.37, 95% CI: 1.53, 3.60), used too much amount of salt (AOR=3.78, 95% CI: 1.85, 7.72), sleeping for a short duration (AOR=2.05, 95%CI: 1.30, 3.24), and having Family history of hypertension (AOR=2.12, 95% CI; 1.32, 3.39). Conclusions: Hypertension was significantly high among the rural population we studied and is emerging as a public health problem in rural areas. Female sex, older age, ever used alcohol, used much and too much amount of salt, inadequate sleep, and family history of hypertension were factors positively and significantly associated with hypertension. We recommend local health authorities integrate promotion of hypertension health education, lifestyle modification intervention on salt and alcohol reduction, and hypertension detection particularly for female and elderly population at health post level to avert the problem.

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Early obesity and risk of cholangiocarcinoma in the United States.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.35.4_suppl.239 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽

pp. 239-239

Author(s):

Akram Shalaby ◽

Milind M. Javle ◽

Rachna T. Shroff ◽

Ahmed OS Abousamra ◽

Reham Abdel-Wahab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Model ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

The United States ◽

Cancer Center ◽

History Of ◽

Md Anderson

239 Background: In the United States, the incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has been increasing over the last few decades. Despite the public health problem of obesity and the increasing incidence of ICC, the relationship between early adulthood obesity and ICC has never been examined in the American population. Methods: At the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center we conducted a case-control study aimed at examining relationship between ICC and history of obesity after controlling for the potential confounding of several risk factors. Cases were patients with pathologically confirmed diagnosis of ICC. Controls were healthy subjects recruited from spouses of patients at MD Anderson who had cancers other than liver or gastrointestinal. Each case was frequency matched to 4 controls by age (± 5 years), sex, and race. Case patients and controls were interviewed for risk factors of liver cancer. A self-reported weight and body size pictogram at ages 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 was obtained from each participant. In 2016 we recruited 63 newly diagnosed patients with ICC who were compared to 252 healthy controls. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30.0. Results: There was a significant 3 fold increase in ICC risk for obese individuals compared to those with normal weight. The estimated odds ratio (OR), 95%; confidence interval (CI) was 3.3 (1.3-9.1); P = .02. Obesity at the mid-20s, mid-30s, and mid- 40s was significantly associated with ICC risk; the estimated OR (95% CI) was 7.3 (2.8-19.7), 7 (2.4-20.9), and 4.8 (2-11.4), respectively. In addition, viral hepatitis, heavy alcohol use ( > 40 ml ethanol/day), and family history of cancer were significantly associated with ICC. Underlying radiological, pathological, or clinical evidence of steatosis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis was significantly observed in 25% ICC patients with early obesity. Conclusions: We concluded that early adulthood obesity is a significant risk factor for ICC in USA where underlying fatty liver diseases can be a significant factor for ICC progression. Integration of obesity with other ICC risk factors into a risk model may lead to identify high-risk individuals. Future collaboration with other US institutions is highly warranted to highlight the mechanism of obesity-induced ICC.

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Epidemiology and causes of suicide

New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry ◽

10.1093/med/9780198713005.003.0125 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1279-1288

Author(s):

Merete Nordentoft ◽

Trine Madsen ◽

Annette Erlangsen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Population Attributable Risk ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

East European ◽

History Of ◽

Individual Risk Factors

Suicide is often the outcome of a personal crisis; yet many conditions, both societal and individual, are established predictors of suicide. It remains a major public health problem worldwide, although rates of suicide vary substantially across nations. The highest rates are reported in Russia and East European countries. This chapter summarizes the existing evidence regarding societal and individual risk factors for suicide. At the societal level, risk factors such as economic crisis, social cohesiveness, and media portrayal are mentioned. Individual risk factors include sociodemographic factors, physical and mental disorders, history of suicide attempt, and suicide risk in minority groups. The risk factors associated with the highest risk are mental disorders and history of suicide attempt. Population-attributable risk calculations suggest that preventive efforts should be directed towards the excess risk associated with recent suicide attempt, mental disorders, and common social factors.

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Risk Factors for Community-Acquired Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase–Producing Enterobacteriaceae Infections—A Retrospective Study of Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infections

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofy357 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dheeraj Goyal ◽

Nathan Dean ◽

Sarah Neill ◽

Peter Jones ◽

Kristin Dascomb

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Catheter ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

History Of ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Background Community-acquired extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL) infections are an evolving public health problem. Identifying predictive risk factors may improve patient management. Methods We identified 251 adult inpatients admitted to a 22-hospital system with an ESBL urinary tract infection (UTI) between 2001 and 2016. Cases were matched 1:1 with controls who had a UTI at admission with non-ESBL Enterobacteriaceae. Cases with a history of ESBL infections or hospitalization within 3 months of index admission were excluded. Univariate and multiple logistic regression were used to identify risk factors associated with ESBL UTIs. Results In univariate analysis, history of repeated UTIs, neurogenic bladder, urinary catheter presence at admission, and exposure to outpatient third-generation cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones within 3 months were associated with higher risk of ESBL UTIs. When controlling for severity of illness and comorbid conditions, history of repeated UTIs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.42–12.66; P < .001), presence of urinary catheter at admission (aOR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.15–4.98; P < .05), and prior antibiotic exposure (aOR, 7.98; 95% CI, 2.92–28.19; P < .001) remained associated with risk of ESBL infection. Conclusions Patients in the community with indwelling urinary catheters, history of recurrent UTIs, or recent antimicrobial use are at higher risk for de novo ESBL Enterobacteriaceae UTIs.

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