scholarly journals Model of registration of road accidents: problems of law enforcement

2021 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
Marina Fokina ◽  
Lilia Voitovich ◽  
Olga Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Technical Factors ◽  
Russian Association

This publication focuses on the theoretical investigation of issues arising in the Russian Federation in law enforcement related to the recently introduced digital procedure for the registration of road accidents through the “DTP.Europrotokol” electronic application running on the Android or Apple iOS operating systems. The purpose of the study is to examine the above method of independent registration of a road accident without authorized police officers, developed by the Russian Association of Motor Insurers, with a substantiation of the possibility of subsequent attaching evidentiary value to the information contained in such an application in legal proceedings for the recovery of insurance compensation in connection with the occurrence of this road accident. The authors assessed the effectiveness and feasibility of this digital traffic accident model, including the lack of sufficient regulatory guarantees for the safety of the information uploaded by the user to the mobile application, the existence of virtually unlimited powers of the application developer to control its functioning. They drew attention to certain enforcement problems associated with the assessment of the information available from the “DTP.Europrotokol” application, which is not possible to use in all cases, data the accuracy of which depends on many technical factors.

scholarly journals TRAFFIC-RELATED MORTALITY IN MOLDOVA

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-147
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Mortality

This article analyses the mortality caused by road accidents in Moldova depending on the degree of involvement of pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, drivers and passengers of transport units, depending on age and sex. Results suggest that traffic-related mortality in Moldova has shown an increased incidence among the young and working-age population, where a significant difference between males and females is observed. Among the youth, traffic-related deaths register between 10-27% of the overall mortality in both sexes. The risk exposure of dying in a traffic accident decreases with age and is less significant in the retired ages. During the years 1998-2015, avoidance of trafficrelated deaths would have assured an increase in life expectancy between 0.40-0.56 years in males, and 0.09-0.23 years in females. The continuous increase in the number of transport units on public roads, as well as in the number of hours spent in traffic, influences the degree of exposure to the risk of death or injury as a result of road traffic accidents. Trauma resulting from road accidents increases the incidence of premature mortality and disability among the population, which is reflected by the decrease of healthy life expectancy. It is ascertained that the road accident mortality requires a detailed and comprehensive analysis given the multitude of factors influencing deaths and injuries related to a traffic accident among the population. Thus, in order to improve road safety and reduce mortality incidence among traffic participants, a range of actions has to be implemented by the liable actors, including through the international experience.

Augmenting Classifiers Performance through Clustering

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Kumar ◽  
Prayag Tiwari ◽  
Kalitin Vladimirovich Denis
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Accident Data

Road and traffic accident data analysis are one of the prime interests in the present era. It does not only relate to the public health and safety concern but also associated with using latest techniques from different domains such as data mining, statistics, machine learning. Road and traffic accident data have different nature in comparison to other real-world data as road accidents are uncertain. In this article, the authors are comparing three different clustering techniques: latent class clustering (LCC), k-modes clustering and BIRCH clustering, on road accident data from an Indian district. Further, Naïve Bayes (NB), random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) classification techniques are used to classify the data based on the severity of road accidents. The experiments validate that the LCC technique is more suitable to generate good clusters to achieve maximum classification accuracy.

scholarly journals ABOUT THE SYSTEM OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND TACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF A PERSON WHO DISAPPEARED FROM THE SCENE OF A ROAD ACCIDENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-449
Author(s):  
A.M. Kaminsky ◽  
P. S. Shinyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Enforcement Activity

The analysis of materials on crimes and offenses in the field of road accidents allows us to state that the number of cases of abandonment of the scene of a road accident or crime by its participants is steadily increasing, as evidenced by the data provided in the article. In this regard, their identification and search are urgent practical tasks that need to be addressed. However, the authors failed to find a targeted comprehensive forensic system of recommendations of the methodological and organizational-tactical plan for actions in situations of establishing the identity of a fugitive offender and his detention. Law enforcement practice in this area has accumulated some positive experience, and recently created technical tools and tactics open up opportunities for their effective use in the search, identification and detention of the offender. But all these aspects require systematization and generalization within the framework of a system of recommendations focused on practical activities. The formulation of such recommendations requires, first of all, the identification of criminally significant grounds for the typification or classification of situations that develop in the course of this activity, and the structuring of its stages. Then, logically, the organizational and tactical schemes and methodological recommendations typical for this type of law enforcement activity should follow. From this position, the authors made some suggestions for creating a system of such recommendations.

scholarly journals Modeling the Complexity of Road Accidents Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
Alex Kizito ◽  
Agnes Rwashana Semwanga
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dynamic Synthesis ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Synthesis Methodology

Simplistic representations of traffic safety disregard the dynamic interactions between the components of the road transport system (RTS). The resultant road accident (RA) preventive measures are consequently focused almost solely on individual/team failures at the sharp end of the RTS (mainly the road users). The RTS is complex and therefore cannot be easily understood by studying the system parts in isolation. The study modeled the occurrence of road accidents in Uganda using the dynamic synthesis methodology (DSM). This article presents the work done in the first three stages of the DSM. Data was collected from various stakeholders including road users, traffic police officers, road users, and road constructors. The study focused on RA prevention by considering the linear and non-linear interactions of the variables during the pre-crash phase. Qualitative models were developed and from these, key leverage points that could possibly lower the road accident incidences demonstrating the need for a shared system wide responsibility for road safety at all levels are suggested.

High-Risk Road Accident Corridors in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishtiaque Ahmed ◽  
Bayes Ahmed ◽  
Mohd. Rosli Hainin
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Highway Safety Manual ◽  
Roadway Safety ◽  
Accident Data

Bangladesh has one of the highest fatality rates in road accidents and to address the safety problem is a serious concern. Dhaka is the most vulnerable city of the country. Bangladesh Road Transport Authority maintains a database of accidents using outdated software that lacks in geo-referencing facility.  This makes the analysis of accident locations a challenging task. The area for this study was the Dhaka Metropolitan Police area where the concerned forty one police stations are responsible for collecting traffic accident data. The Highway Safety Manual identifies the “Network Screening” as the first step of the Roadway Safety Management Process. This study focuses on locating the accidents on urban roadways in Dhaka and identifies thirty corridors and ranks them using geo-referenced data through developing and using a GIS database. Dhaka-Mymensing Road was found to be the most vulnerable road corridor followed by Airport Road and Mirpur Road respectively. The study recommended special attention and special “Diagnostic” studies as explained in the Highway Safety Manual for the high-risk corridors and to put emphasis on the accident data collection and reporting system. Adoption of modern technologies like GPS and GIS in collecting and reporting of the traffic accident data was emphasized.

scholarly journals Upaya Penanggulangan Terhadap Anggota Kepolisian Yang Terlibat Tindak Pidana Peredaran Narkotika (Studi Kasus Di Kepolisian Resort Kota Besar Medan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-291
Author(s):  
Boby Hartawan
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Narcotics Trafficking ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Made In

Police officers who are supposed to be law enforcers commit acts that are contrary to the law for the benefit of the narcotics business.The problem in this thesis is how the factors underlying the occurrence of criminal acts of narcotics distribution by members of the police in Medan City Resort Police, how is the role of Medan City Resort Police in tackling narcotics abuse by the police in Medan City Resort Police, how can effort be made in overcoming criminal acts of narcotics distribution by unscrupulous members of the police and obstacles encountered in Medan City Resort Police.This research uses a descriptive method through an empirical juridical approach that is an approach to the problem, conducted by doing interviews by connecting with various aspects of law in terms of applicable regulation.The results showed that the role of Medan City Resort Police was to carry out law enforcement against individual members of Medan City Resort Police who had been proven to have committed a crime, especially narcotics through general courts.In addition to the general court of law for members of the police who commit crimes there will also be another addition, namely from the internal police itself in the form of law enforcement through the trial of the police code of ethics.Factors underlying the occurrence of criminal acts narcotics distribution by unscrupulous members of the police in Medan City Resort Police are mental, economic, and environmental factors. Economic factors are the dominant factors that cause impetus to commit drug trafficking crimes because by trafficking narcotics the result can be directly used to meet the needs of daily life. Efforts that can be made in tackling the crime of narcoticsdistribution by unscrupulous members of the police and the obstacle faced in Medan City Resort Police is to make efforts to overcome the Non Penal through pre-emptive, preventive efforts. This effort was made to prevent narcotics trafficking through direct control and supervision with the aim that the potential for crime would not develop into a factual threat. Another effort is to carry out legal proceedings if the police carry out criminal acts of narcotics abuse and distribution.Key-Words: Prevention, Circulation, Narcotics.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF LEGAL PRECEDING INITIATIONS ON AFFAIRS IMPLEMENTATING EXTREMIST ACTIVITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
A. M. Zhurbenko ◽  
E. I. Simonenko
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Action Analysis ◽  
The Russian Federation

Study of crimes connected with implementation of extremist activity as negative social and legal phenomenon is especially significant now. Firstly it is connected with aggravation of the social conflicts in the Russian society in general, violence tendency and different illegal ways of their solution. At present stage of criminogenic situation development the number of crimes connected with extremist activity, terrorism and also with arousing hatred and hostility on the bases of sex, races, nationalities, the relations to religion, belonging to this or that social group grows in our country. Such crimes are most often committed by speech. This speech becomes proof of criminal cases connected with implementation of extremist activity. Acts provided by Art. 280, 282 2822 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation [4] belong to crimes of extremist orientation committed by means of speech. It is necessary to have special linguistic knowledge to ascertain the truth on specified cases. Such crimes are committed by means of speech - oral or written. Conclusions of experts’ researches are important not only for making decision on excitement or on refusal in initiation of legal proceedings, but also for correct qualification of criminal action. Analysis of law-enforcement practice of such crimes investigation shows that there are some problems connected with conducting linguistic examination at a stage of legal proceedings initiation. Inopportuneness of the investigator who sends material for carrying out a research which contains extremism can significantly increase time of legal proceedings initiation.

scholarly journals Peculiarities associated with police inquiry into administrative violations committed on the Internet

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Novgorodov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Administrative Proceedings

The object of this research consists in public relations that form in the course of initiation of cases on administrative violations committed on the Internet as part of the duties of law enforcement agencies. The subject of this research is the federal legislation and departmental normative legal acts of the Russian Federation regulating the organization of work of different police units, as well as case law materials. Analysis is conducted on the national legislation, statistical data provided by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, case law on administrative violations that were committed on the Internet. Having analyzed the materials of cases on administrative violations committed on the Internet, the author concludes that the law enforcement agencies sometimes evade their official duties, and exercise functions not typical of their positions. For example, the district police officers monitor the Internet for prevention and identification of administrative offences in the area served by them; if evidence of an offence is detected, administrative proceedings are initiated. The author offers the ways for solving the indicated problem.

scholarly journals Responsibility for Bribery or Coercion to Testify or Avoidance of Giving Testimony or Misinterpreting (Art. 309 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation): Legislative Structure and Implementation Practices

2019 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
S. M. Kochoi
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Implementation Practices ◽  
Legislative Structure ◽  
Different Parts

The text analysis of Art. 309 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation revealed a number of shortcomings in the legislative structure of the component elements of a crime provided for therein. It is concluded that a different degree of danger of bribery and coercion of the participants in the legal proceedings underlying the design of their basic structures (parts 1 and 2 of Art. 309 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) must be sustained in their qualified compositions (part 4 of Art. 309 of the Criminal Code RF). That is, bribery committed by an organized group and coercion committed by an organized group should be provided not in one but in different parts of Art. 309 of the Criminal Code, containing various sanctions. In Art. 309 of the Criminal Code, the use of violence that is not dangerous to life or health is a qualifying element of coercion of participants in legal proceedings (part 3). Consequently, the use of violence dangerous to life or health can only be an element of coercion of these persons. Further differentiation of responsibility is required under Part 2 of Art. 309 of the Criminal Code, since coercion to action is objectively more dangerous than coercion to inaction. Other gaps in the legislative structure of Art. 309 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation were identified in the course of a study of the judicial investigative practice of its application. It is concluded that formally forcing the victim to avoid reporting the crime (or bribing him for this purpose) is not tantamount to forcing him to avoid giving testimony, since reporting a crime with the law enforcement authorities cannot be considered a testimony. In this sense, it should be recognized that the disposition of the norm contained in Part 2 of Art. 309 of the Criminal Code, contains a gap that must be addressed by pointing to coercion to avoid reporting a crime.

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