scholarly journals Compositional, organoleptic, metabolic enzyme activity and fibre characteristics of muscle from bulls with different growth paths to a common carcass weight

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1940
Author(s):  
G. B. Mezgebo ◽  
F. J. Monahan ◽  
M. McGee ◽  
E. G. O' Riordan ◽  
B. Picard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme Activity ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Fibre Characteristics

The proximate composition, organoleptic quality, metabolic enzyme activity and fibre characteristics of longissimus thoracis muscle from suckler bulls assigned to three target indoor winter (from 9 to 13 months of age approximately) growth rates (average daily gain of 0.6, 1.0 and 1.5 kg; n = 14/group) were investigated. The feeding regimes to achieve the target average daily gains were 2, 4 and 6 kg of concentrate respectively, plus grass silage ad libitum. The duration of the winter feeding period was 123 days, after which bulls were turned out to pasture and grazed for 99 days before re-housing and finishing on concentrates ad libitum plus grass silage until they reached a liveweight to yield a target carcass weight of 380 kg. The average daily gain during the grazing period was higher (P < 0.001) for the 0.6 than for the 1.0 and 1.5 average daily-gain groups, which did not differ. Proximate composition, collagen content, metabolic enzyme activity and fibre-type distribution of the longissimus thoracis muscle were similar (P > 0.05) between the 0.6, 1.0 and 1.5 average daily-gain groups. Apart from tenderness, which was rated higher (P < 0.05) for the 0.6 group than for the 1.0 average daily-gain group, the sensory characteristics of the beef were not influenced by the different winter growth rates applied. Overall, restricting the growth rate during winter had little effect on subsequent beef appearance or eating quality.

EFFECTS OF FEED LEVEL AND YEAR-ROUND ENCLOSED, SEMI-ENCLOSED, OR OUTSIDE CONFINEMENT ON BEEF COW–CALF PERFORMANCE IN NORTHERN ONTARIO

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. JORDAN ◽  
E. E. LISTER ◽  
J. M. WAUTHY ◽  
J. E. COMEAU ◽  
B. K. THOMPSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain

Shorthorn cows were confined year-round using three types of shelter (an enclosed barn, IN; a barn with free access to an outside yard, IN-OUT; and outside pens with only windbreak fences for shelter, OUT) and two types of feed (hay and grass silage) provided at three levels (ad libitum, L1 or 75%, L2 or 50%, L3, of ad libitum) until late pregnancy, after which all were fed their respective roughage ad libitum until late August weaning. No interactions were found among years, degree of shelter and feed levels. The average daily intake for hay and the corresponding average daily gain were greater (all differences cited were significant, P < 0.05) than those for silage. The daily intake and weight loss of the OUT cows were greater than those of the IN and IN-OUT cows. All differences among feed levels for daily intake and weight change were significant. Calves of dams fed hay were heavier at birth and grew more quickly. OUT calves were heavier than IN calves at birth, but their daily gain to weaning was considerably less than either IN or IN-OUT calves. Feed levels did not influence calf birth weight, but L1 calves gained more to weaning than L2 and L3 calves. Pregnancy percentages for IN cows were 91.7 (L1), 91.7 (L2) and 75.0 (L3); IN-OUT 88.9, 88.9 and 86.1 and OUT 88.9, 80.6 and 58.3. The general condition of OUT cows, especially those on L3 diet, was poor.

177 Ad Libitum Consumption of a 1:1 Blend of inorganic:organic Se by Steers Grazing Endophyte-infected Tall Fescue Increases Serum Prolactin and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity, but Not Average Daily Gain

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 94-95
Author(s):  
Kelsie Webb ◽  
Ronald J Trotta ◽  
Phillip Bridges ◽  
James Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract To test the hypothesis that average daily gain (ADG) and clinical parameters of steers grazing novel non-toxic (NTE) or toxic KY-31 (TE) endophyte-infected tall fescue would be improved by ad libitum intake of vitamin-mineral mixes (V-M) that contain 27 ppm Se as a 1:1 blend of SELPLEX:sodium selenite (MIX) vs sodium selenite (ISe), 32 TE-naïve beef steers depleted of Se were randomly assigned to ad libitum consumption ISe vs MIX for 35 d and fed enough of a NTE/alfalfa/grain diet to achieve 0.57 kg BW gain/d. Within Se-form treatments, 2 steers were randomly assigned to each of 4, 2-acre NTE (ISe = 316 ± 31 kg, MIX = 315 ± 22 kg) or TE (ISe = 316 ± 37 kg, MIX = 314 ± 39 kg) paddocks for 84 d and had ad libitum access to their respective V-M. The MIXED procedure of SAS was used to assess effects of day, Se-form (ISe, MIX) and endophyte (NTE, TE) treatments, and their interactions. Whole blood Se decreased (P &lt; 0.01) 31% from d 0 to 84 and was 6.2% greater (P &lt; 0.01) for MIX steers. Serum prolactin decreased (P &lt; 0.01) 18% for NTE and 48% for TE steers from d 0 to 84 and was 17% greater (P = 0.01) for MIX vs. ISe TE steers. Alkaline phosphatase activity (AP) decreased (P &lt; 0.02) 27% from d 0 to 84 and was 15% greater (P &lt; 0.02) for MIX steers. Serum urea nitrogen increased (P &lt; 0.02) 8.2% from d 0 to 84 for TE but not NTE steers. Average daily gain (kg/d) was less (P &lt; 0.01) in TE (-0.18) vs NTE (0.09) steers. We conclude that the ad libitum intake of MIX ameliorated the negative effects of consuming TE on serum prolactin and AP but not ADG.

scholarly journals A comparison of first-, second- and third-cut timothy silages in the diets of finishing beef bulls

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Kalevi Huuskonen ◽  
Maiju Pesonen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Vitamin Mixture

The objective of the present experiment was to study the effects of the third-cut grass silage compared with the first- and second-cut silages on intake, performance and carcass characteristics of finishing bulls. A feeding experiment comprised 45 Simmental bulls which were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum. The three dietary treatments included either first-, second- or third-cut grass silage (550 g kg-1 dry matter), rolled barley (435 g kg-1 dry matter) and a mineral-vitamin mixture (15 g kg-1 dry matter). Dry matter and energy intakes and growth rates of the bulls increased when either first- or third-cut silages were used instead of the second-cut silage. This was probably due to differences in digestibility, which was the lowest in the second-cut silage. There were no differences in intake or growth between the first- and third-cut silage-based rations. No significant differences in carcass traits among the feeding treatments were observed.

Feed Additives for Fattening Cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 112-112
Author(s):  
M. Kay ◽  
P.J. Broadbent ◽  
E.A. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Daily Gain

Feed additives are widely used in beef production systems. Two trials were made to measure the effect of feed additives on the daily gain and feed efficiency of fattening beef cattle. In the first trial 48 Friesians and 48 weaned suckled calves weighing about 390 kg were fed individually on grass silage ad libitum together with 4 kg (Friesians) and 3 kg (weaned calves) bruised barley daily. The treatments were control (C), no additive; Avotan 150 mg/d (A); Flavomycin 45 mg/d (F) and Romensin 200 mg/d (R). Minerals and vitamins were given daily on the silage. In the second trial there were 240 Friesian and Exotic x Friesian bulls. They were housed on slats in groups of 15 and offered a mixture of bruised barley and soya bean meal ad libitum. The treatments were control, no additive; Flavomycin 50 mg/d, Romensin 210 mg/d and Salinomycin 150 mg/d. In trial 1 the steers were implanted with Ralgro and the heifers with Finaplix. No implants were used in the second trial. All the animals were weighed regularly and feed intake was recorded continuously. They were slaughtered when they achieved the required conformation and fat cover.

scholarly journals Dietary supplementation of artificial sweetener and capsicum oleoresin as a strategy to mitigate the negative consequences of heat stress on pig performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan E Biggs ◽  
Kellie A Kroscher ◽  
Lidan D Zhao ◽  
Zhenhe Zhang ◽  
Emma H Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Artificial Sweetener ◽  
Monocyte Count ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Environmental Treatment ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Pigs exposed to elevated ambient temperatures exhibit reduced daily gain, alterations in muscle and fat deposition, and decreased health. Negative aspects of gastrointestinal (GI) function, integrity, and permeability also occur. High-intensity sweeteners can ameliorate the negative effects of heat stress (HS) by increasing GI glucagon-like peptide-2 production while capsicum oleoresin has been shown to reduce inflammatory response. The effects of an artificial high-intensity sweetener and capsicum oleoresin (CAPS-SUC; TakTik X-Hit, Pancosma, Switzerland) on growth performance of pigs were examined. Forty-eight pigs (12 wk of age, 43.2 ± 4.3 kg) were assigned to six treatments: thermoneutral conditions (21 ± 1.1 °C; 40% to 70% relative humidity) fed ad libitum with (TN+) or without supplement (TN−), heat stress (35 ± 1 °C; 20% to 40% relative humidity) fed ad libitum with (HS+) or without supplement (HS−), and thermoneutral conditions pair-fed to HS intake with (PFTN+) or without supplement (PFTN−). Supplementation (0.1 g/kg feed) began 2 d prior to the 3-d environmental treatment period. Body weights (BWs) and blood samples were collected on days −1 and 3. Rectal temperature (RT) and respiration rate (RR) were measured thrice daily and the feed intake (FI) was recorded daily. Intestinal sections were collected for histology. Pigs in HS conditions exhibited increased RT (~1.2 °C) and RR (~2.7-fold) compared with TN and PFTN groups (P &lt; 0.01). HS+ animals had increased RR when compared with HS− animals (P &lt; 0.02). Heat stress decreased FI compared with TN. HS and PFTN decreased (P &lt; 0.05) average daily gain compared with TN. Supplement did not alter the BW gain. HS and PFTN decreased (P &lt; 0.05) Gain:Feed compared with TN during environmental treatment. Supplementation with CAPS–SUC increased Gain:Feed by 0.12 (P &lt; 0.05). Circulating glucose concentrations tended to decrease in CAPS–SUC vs. non-supplemented HS and PFTN animals (P ≤ 0.1). Circulating insulin concentrations as well as monocyte count increased in HS compared with PFTN (P &lt; 0.04) but did not differ from TN and likely linked to altered FI. CAPS–SUC increased basophil count (P &lt; 0.02), irrespective of environment. Ileal villus height tended to decrease during HS and PFTN compared with TN (P &lt; 0.08), indicating an effect of intake. Overall, CAPS–SUC supplementation increased pig feed efficiency and may improve immune response.

GROWTH AND ACTH RESPONSES TO COLD STRESS OF YOUNG PIGS FED AD LIBITUM

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. BROWN ◽  
R. R. HACKER ◽  
G. J. KING
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Free Body ◽  
Daily Gain

Twenty-four 6-wk-old pigs were housed in individual metabolism cages and exposed for 6 wk to either 2 C or 20 C with ad libitum feed and water. The pigs at 20 C and 2 C had an average daily gain (ADG) of 544 g and 343 g (P < 0.01), respectively. Feed consumption was similar for both treatments, with feed:gain ratios being significantly lower in the 20 C group during the 1st and 3rd 2-wk periods. Spleen and kidney weights were a larger percent of ingesta-free body weight in pigs housed at 2 C. The percent body weight of livers, thyroids, testicles, seminal vesicles and bulbo-urethral glands were not statistically different between 20 C and 2 C housed pigs. Body protein and ash were 5 and 1.3% lower in the 2 C pigs. Differences in plasma ACTH between treatments within day were significant. Consistently lower levels of plasma ACTH were obtained from pigs housed at 2 C.

EFFECT OF DIETARY CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS LEVELS ON PERFORMANCE, BONE BENDING MOMENT AND THE SEVERITY OF OSTEOCHONDROSIS AND LAMENESS IN BOARS AND GILTS SLAUGHTERED AT 100 OR 130 KG BODY WEIGHT

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. BRENNAN ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain

Ninety-six crossbred gilts and 96 crossbred boars averaging 20 kg were assigned to a factorial arrangement of three dietary calcium-phosphorus (Ca-P) levels and two slaughter weights (100 or 130 kg). The Ca-P regimens were based on (1) National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council (NAS-NRC)(1979), (2) Agricultural Research Council (ARC) (1981) and (3) 130% of ARC (1981) recommendations for grower and finisher swine. All pigs were fed ad libitum grower diets (0.60–0.50, 0.81–0.63, 1.05–0.82% Ca-P) from 20 to 55 kg and finisher diets (0.50–0.40, 0.72–0.54, 0.94–0.70% Ca-P) to 100 kg or 130 kg liveweight. At 100 kg liveweight 16 boars and 16 gilts from each of the Ca-P treatment groups were selected at random and slaughtered. The remaining pigs within each Ca-P group were allowed feed ad libitum or at 70% of ad libitum from 100 kg until slaughter at 130 kg. There was no significant effect of the three respective dietary Ca-P regimens on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, or feed/gain ratio of pigs during the 20- to 100-kg growth period. Metacarpal bending moment and femoral ash content increased (P < 0.05) in response to the first dietary Ca-P increment. There was a significant (P < 0.05) positive response of femoral ash content but not of bone bending moment to the second Ca-P increment. The incidence and severity of osteochondrosis of the femur, humerus, radius and ulna and leg soundness scores were unimproved (P > 0.05) by feeding elevated dietary Ca-P levels. There was no significant effect of ad libitum vs. restricted feeding during the 100- to 130-kg growth period on bone ash, bone bending moment or cartilage condition scores. Boars had significantly (P < 0.01) greater average daily gain and lower feed/gain ratio during the 20- to 100-kg growth period but they had more severe (P < 0.01) osteochondrotic lesions of the elbow joint and a lower (P < 0.001) femoral ash content than gilts. Correlation coefficients between cartilage soundness scores and bone ash content or bending moment were nonsignificant (P > 0.05). The results suggest that while bone ash content and bending moment respond positively to elevated Ca-P levels in excess of NAS-NRC (1979) recommendations, the incidence and severity of joint lesions and leg soundness scores are not reduced by maximizing bone mineralization. Key words: Osteochondrosis, calcium, phosphorus, swine

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