Genetic improvement and dissemination for the global commercial swine industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 2366 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Culbertson ◽  
W. O. Herring ◽  
J. W. Holl ◽  
D. Casey
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Hog Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Commercial swine production has become an increasingly globalised industry, with global meat trade demanding that all regions compete on cost and differentiation of pork products. The utilisation of continually improving genetic populations can be one input that helps maintain, or increases, the competitiveness of an individual producer or regional industry. So as to deliver these improving genetic populations, genetic providers of today must focus on developing and implementing best science that delivers improvement on traits affecting commercial profitability. Providers must also efficiently multiply and disseminate the improved merit to the commercial hog production level. The swine-genetics industry has made considerable progress in driving a faster genetic gain over the past 30 years by systematically combining ever-changing computing power, accurate data capture and emerging genomics information. The combination of these technologies today has resulted in hundreds of thousands of animals being genotyped for tens of thousands of markers, and this information is being combined with extensive phenotypic data to deliver rates of genetic gain nearly double what we were able to achieve 20 years ago. As importantly, this scientific advancement can then be combined with the ability to continue to understand and evaluate emerging traits related to animal robustness, well-being and consumer demand, resulting in the most comprehensive definition of selection targets in the history of modern animal improvement. Finally, managing the dissemination of these genes through boar stud and multiplication systems helps ensure that the commercial level minimises lag and utilises the highest-merit genetics available.

Setting the scene and ICH GCP in clinical and healthcare research

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Clinical Practice ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This chapter looks at the purpose and history of the development of good clinical practice (GCP). The international conference on harmonisation (ICH) GCP is the international quality standard for conducting clinical research to ensure the rights and well-being of patients are protected and the resulting data are valid. The cornerstone of ethics in research stems from the Declaration of Helsinki and the chapter looks at the changes in the Declaration and the impact on clinical trials. The development of the ICH process is described and the E, S, Q and M guidelines are discussed, The efficacy guidelines affect the practical aspects of trials and the efficacy guideline number 6 (E6) is on GCP. The content of the E6 guidelines is reviewed including the responsibilities of ethics committees, investigator and sponsor. Documentation requirements including the Protocol and Investigator Brochure as well as all the other documents are outlined. The guidelines are written to be interpreted and companies and institutions have to document their interpretation using standard operating procedures (SOPs). Although ICH GCP is regarded as the world-wide standard it sits alongside countries' legislation. In Europe CTIMPs have to follow the EU Directives and Regulation. Non pharmaceutical/non interventional healthcare research has no legal requirements to adhere to ICH GCP and is carried out under different research governance frameworks (RGF), however they all have their principles based on ICH GCP. The chapter also discusses the definition of an IMP and the decisions and processes that have to be followed when conducting non CTIMP studies.

scholarly journals The Study of Awareness of the Family History: Psychological Well-being and Deviant Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
Y.A. Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Correlation Level

This article presents the results of a study on correlation level of psychological wellbeing of the person with the degree of awareness of adolescence of his own family history. The analysis and comparison of existing concepts proposes a new understanding and definition of the phenomenon of family history. Family history is represented as a resource person, the relevance of which is due to occurring socioculture changes. It has been developed and modified by special questionnaire aimed at the study of the level of awareness. In the present study we took 121 people participated. 73 adolescence group of norm, and 48 with deviant behavior. It was found that adolescents knowledgeable in the history of the family history, to maintain contact with the extended family, for which it is studying and maintaining meaningful, characterized by high levels of psychological well-being.

481 Current Knowledge Gaps in Swine Production Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 213-213
Author(s):  
Ashley DeDecker
Keyword(s):  
Production Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Hog Production ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Newborn Pigs

Abstract Recently I’ve started questioning everything I thought I knew about common management practices in the swine industry. As a scientist I’m trained to trust the science and use the data, but when the science contradicts common knowledge, do I question the science or question the common knowledge? Perhaps both, which has led me down a path to scientifically reevaluate the basic management principles of hog production; or taking it back to the basics. Management practices that were implemented 30 years ago are still being commonly used; however, over the years those practices have been altered to make them simpler or cheaper. By altering these fundamental principles, we may have unintentionally disrupted the overall intent of the principle and caused accidental consequences to production. For example, it is common knowledge that newborn pigs need to be dried at birth to improve the chance of survival. Originally these pigs were picked up and thoroughly dried and rubbed to stimulate the muscles and then strategically placed at the teat and encouraged to suckle. Over the years this practice has been altered; sprinkling drying agent over the litter instead of picking them up and using cheaper drying agents that may not be intended for this purpose, and placing the pigs down at the back of the crate. Robust and replicated science is needed to identify which components of these fundamental management processes are beneficial, serve a purpose, and therefore should not be adulterated. Therefore, prioritizing research back to the basics of fundamental management practices.

scholarly journals Genetic improvement of sow longevity and its economic impact on commercial pork production

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1036-1046
Author(s):  
B.E. Mote ◽  
T.V. Serenius ◽  
C Supakorn ◽  
K.J. Stalder
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Large White ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Sow Longevity

Sow longevity (sow productive lifetime) plays an important role in economically efficient piglet production. Direct selection for sow longevity is not commonly practiced in any pig-breeding program. In recent years, an increased number of peer reviewed articles addressing the economic impact, genetic parameter estimates, and genomic information (including markers and single nucleotide polymorphisms for sow longevity) have been published in the scientific literature. The studies in the literature indicate that sow longevity is a complex trait having economic value and is an animal well-being concern for commercial pork producers. Studies have concluded that sufficient genetic variation exists so that selection to improve sow longevity should be effective. Unlike the dairy industry, the primary parent animal used in the swine industry is a crossbred female, typically F1 (Landrace X Large White or Yorkshire). Sow longevity has shown to be genetically related with prolificacy and leg conformation traits. Sow longevity seems to be the ideal trait to utilize genomic selection when attempting to improve the trait. The genetic correlation between purebred and crossbred sow longevity is low. Since the crossbred sow is the breeding objective, phenotypic data from the crossbred females should ideally be used when estimating the breeding values for sow longevity that are used in the indexes to evaluate nucleus animals. Genomic selection is best suited for sex-limited traits, traits expressed later in life, and many animals do not reach some defined end-point parity, sow longevity seems ideally suited to be evaluated using the latest genome enabled selection technology. Keywords: heritability, leg conformation, selection, sow productive lifetime

Short Stature and the Relationship to Male Mental Health Status

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsie Mobbs
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Family Intervention ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Growth treatment for human growth failure when its cause is not identified is generally justified by two possible outcome measures: an increase in height and an increase in psychological well-being. An endocrinological cosmetic increase in height can arguably only be justified if it can be demonstrated as being likely to increase psychological well-being. New evidence is pointing to improved growth and mental health outcomes through psychotherapeutic family intervention during the child’s infancy. The medical definition of short stature (SS) is arbitrary (Cowell 1995): SS is usually defined for the height of an individual who is in less than the 3rd percentile of the reference range, which is 1.88 standard deviations (SDs) below the population mean (National Center for Health Statistics 1977; WHO 1986, 2006). Short stature may be caused by a multitude of factors, sometimes overlapping, and it may have many potential classifications. The condition of maturational delay occurs when significant SS and delayed pubertal development are seen in an otherwise healthy male (Cowell 1995; Cowell, Craig, and Ambler 1999; Cowell and Walker 1996). The medical diagnosis of maturational delay short stature (MDSS) is (a) considered in individuals with a late onset of puberty in which there is a family history of delayed puberty and an absence of organic symptoms or signs; and (b) diagnostic differentiation is made between MDSS and idiopathic short stature (ISS), with the latter encompassing MDSS but failing to meet the criteria of delayed puberty. When a history of SS is present in family members, the diagnosis of familial SS (FSS) is considered. Males present for treatment of SS much more frequently than females, which is a reflection of biology and possible societal bias, and some will present with behavioral disturbances. Multifactorial causes for these behavior problems can be embedded in past history and are not always easily accessible (Seegal 2000). Home environment problems may be present in growth failure, especially when demonstrated behavior problems are present (Gohlke et al. 1998; Nieves-Rivers et al. 1998).

THE CONCEPT, MODEL AND HISTORY OF HEALTH PROMOTING SCHOOL IN POLAND

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 296-307
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Leszcz-Krysiak
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Concept Model ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
Health Promoting School ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Is Development ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health And Well Being

The article presents historical development of the Health Promoting School project in Poland and mentions some events crucial for development of this project. Moreover, the focus on the issue mentioned in the topic is driven by a concern to introduce the concept, strategy and model of Health Promoting School and to indicate how important for the health of society is development and practical implementation of the abovementioned project.The concept of health promoting school is based on the general principles of health promotion. There is no one generally accepted definition of such a school. It is defined as a place where all members of school community undertake common activities to improve their health and well-being by means of changing their health behaviors and creating healthy physical and social environment as well as encourage other people in their environment, in particular parents, to undertake similar activities. 

scholarly journals Life prospects of educator personality: the definition of issues

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Rusanova ◽  
Galina Georgievna Verbina
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Life Path ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Psychological Features

The monograph deals with issues relating to research on the socio-psychological characteristics and life prospects of the educator’s personality - concepts, history of development, methods and techniques. In order to fulfill functions and achieve good results in professional activities, an educator, possessing a set of socio-psychological features and important qualities in terms of professional, should plan his activities. The educator needs to build a future perspective and fruitfully realize his life path. According to the results of the research conducted within the framework of social psychology, the conclusion was made: the life perspective of educators is subjective and determined by the characteristics of their socio-psychological characteristics, their psychological well-being, level of resilience, specific content characteristics of the awareness of their inner world «I», of their past, present, and future. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the fact that the study presents a theoretical justification for the definition of the concepts of socio-psychological characteristics, life and time perspectives of the educator’s personality. Some features of these concepts are revealed. Practical significance is to be identified within the framework of those aspects of the problem being studied, which the authors will solve in perspective. The work is addressed to students, graduate students, teachers, researchers and practitioners in the specialty «Psychology».

Towards the digital land reclamation

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Sergey Vasil'ev ◽  
Vyacheslav Schedrin ◽  
Aleksandra Slabunova ◽  
Vladimir Slabunov
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Full Cooperation

The aim of the research is a retrospective analysis of the history and stages of development of digital land reclamation in Russia, the definition of «Digital land reclamation» and trends in its further development. In the framework of the retrospective analysis the main stages of melioration formation are determined. To achieve the maximum effect of the «digital reclamation» requires full cooperation of practical experience and scientific potential accumulated throughout the history of the reclamation complex, and the latest achievements of science and technology, which is currently possible only through the full digitalization of reclamation activities. The introduction of «digital reclamation» will achieve greater potential and effect in the modernization of the reclamation industry in the «hightech industry», through the use of innovative developments and optimal management decisions.

Vyshnivetsky Castle Library of Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky – Historical Book Heritage and Object of Bibliological and Historical Reconstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
Iryna Tsiborovska-Rymarovych
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Images ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Definition Of

The article has as its object the elucidation of the history of the Vyshnivetsky Castle Library, definition of the content of its fund, its historical and cultural significance, correlation of the founder of the Library Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky with the Book.The Vyshnivetsky Castle Library was formed in the Ukrainian historical region of Volyn’, in the Vyshnivets town – “family nest” of the old Ukrainian noble family of the Vyshnivetskies under the “Korybut” coat of arm. The founder of the Library was Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky (1680–1744) – Grand Hetman and Grand Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilno Voievoda. He was a politician, an erudite and great bibliophile. In the 30th–40th of the 18th century the main Prince’s residence Vyshnivets became an important centre of magnate’s culture in Rich Pospolyta. M. S. Vyshnivetsky’s contemporaries from the noble class and clergy knew quite well about his library and really appreciated it. According to historical documents 5 periods are defined in the Library’s history. In the historical sources the first place is occupied by old-printed books of Library collection and 7 Library manuscript catalogues dating from 1745 up to the 1835 which give information about quantity and topical structures of Library collection.The Library is a historical and cultural symbol of the Enlightenment epoch. The Enlightenment and those particular concepts and cultural images pertaining to that epoch had their effect on the formation of Library’s fund. Its main features are as follow: comprehensive nature of the stock, predominance of French eighteenth century editions, presence of academic books and editions on orientalistics as well as works of the ideologues of the Enlightenment and new kinds of literature, which generated as a result of this movement – encyclopaedias, encyclopaedian dictionaries, almanacs, etc. Besides the universal nature of its stock books on history, social and political thought, fiction were dominating.The reconstruction of the history of Vyshnivetsky’s Library, the historical analysis of the provenances in its editions give us better understanding of the personality of its owners and in some cases their philanthropic activities, and a better ability to identify the role of this Library in the culture life of society in a certain epoch.

Beérkezett könyvek

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-427
Author(s):  
Csaba Pléh
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Origin Of Mind ◽  
The Mind

Ádám György: A rejtozködo elme. Egy fiziológus széljegyzetei Carpendale, J. I. M. és Müller, U. (eds): Social interaction and the development of knowledge Cloninger, R. C.: Feeling good. The science of well being Dunbar, Robin, Barrett, Louise, Lycett, John: Evolutionary psychology Dunbar, Robin: The human story. A new history of makind's evolution Geary, D. C.: The origin of mind. Evolution of brain, cognition and general intelligence Gedeon Péter, Pál Eszter, Sárkány Mihály, Somlai Péter: Az evolúció elméletei és metaforái a társadalomtudományokban Harré, Rom: Cognitive science: A philosophical introduction Horváth György: Pedagógiai pszichológia Marcus, G.: The birth of the mind. How a tiny number of genes creates the complexities of human thought Solso, R. D.: The psychology of art and the evolution of the conscious brain Wray, A. (ed.): The transition to language

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