The association between lambing status and future reproductive performance of ewes grazing oestrogenic pastures

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
RW Ponzoni ◽  
SK Walker
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Class 1

Eight flocks of ewes grazing improved pastures which contained oestrogenic clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Yarloop) were studied. Two data-sets were available for analysis: Data-set 1-four flocks, three with age-structure unknown. Records on the number of ewes lambing per ewe exposed to the ram (EPJ) and the number of lambs born per ewe exposed to the ram (LBJ) were collected during 1972-75. The repeatability of EPJ and LBJ were estimated within flocks by the regression methods. There was considerable variation between flocks in the values obtained. An analysis of variance was conducted including lambing status (0, 1 or 2 lambs at birth) of the ewes in 1972 as a main effect. Class 1 ewes had a better reproductive performance in subsequent years than either class 0 or class 2 ewes. The effects on flock performance of culling barren ewes were simulated, showing that little improvement in subsequent performance would result. Data-set 2-four flocks, age-structure known. EPJ and LBJ were recorded in 1973 and 1974. The repeatabilities of EPJ and LBJ were estimated within age groups of each flock by regression methods. The results were less variable than in data-set 1. An analysis of variance was conducted, including lambing status (0 or 1 lamb at birth) in 1973 as a main effect. Class 1 ewes had a better reproductive performance in 1974 than class 0 ewes. Simulation of the effects of culling ewes which were barren in 1973 showed that only a small improvement in reproductive performance of ewes in 1974 could be obtained. It was concluded that the culling of barren ewes is unlikely to provide a solution to the low reproduction rate of ewes grazing oestrogenic pastures.

The age distribution in the Taimyr population wild northern deer (Rangifer Tarandus) in the first decades of 21 centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
A. Shapkin ◽  
R. Ivanova ◽  
N. Arsentseva ◽  
N. Sukhanova
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Wild Deer

Objective: mathematical demography means to identify and evaluate the age distribution of male and female of Taimyr tundra reindeer in the first decade of the XXI century and future trends in demographic situation Taimyr population.Materials and methods. The base material for evaluating the current state of the population age structure Taimyr steel fishing representative sample of male and female wild deer (n = 10845 individuals) collected in the West, Central and Taimyr Putorana in 2001-2008., And the deer samples (n = 1569 individuals), the floor of which is unknown. Determination of individual animals from age and older (n = 9773 individuals) performed on histological sections of cutters according to the corresponding procedure. To repay the random deviations of sample data because of a lack of presence of immature animals (calves, yearlings, young 1-2 years) (selectivity of fishing is directed primarily at the production of individuals older than 3 years, why animals in different age groups in the samples is greater than there are in the population) applies a smoothing procedure. Then, positive deviation of the number of individuals in the same age group were leveled due to negative deviations in adjacent groups.Results. By smoothed age ranges of the field samples from 2001-2008 the current age distribution of Taimyr wild reindeer calculated and analyzed. The study showed that the theoretical current age distribution of males with realized breeding is 77.03, females - 80.56, in the combined groups of animals - 82.35%. The real population has 18-19 age generations of males and females. The reproductive core of males from 3 to 10 years old is 48.43%, individuals of age limit 11 years and older occupy 1.96% of this sex and age structure, calves and young animals for 1-2 years - 24.64%. For the reproductive part of females aged 3–15 years, the overall age distribution is 55.34%, and the proportion of juveniles and young animals, according to calculations, is determined in this part of the population at 25.16%. In the combined current age distribution, males, females: calves and young animals accounted for 27.72%, the sexually mature part with animals of older and age-specific ages - 54.63%.Conclusion. Demographic Taimir population modeling operation in the first decade of the XXI century long materials commercial samples collected at commercial points shown at current age distribution of the realized and reproduction conditions for existing commercial load males - 77.03 for females - 80.56 and for unified groups (males, females) - 82.4%. Meanwhile, the steady state and stable age distribution Taimyr tundra wild deer can reach a middle-level only when the fecundity of female reproductive generations with clean reproduction rate (R0) equal in population groupings 1.0

scholarly journals Differences in the Magnitude of Representational Momentum Between School-Aged Children and Adults as a Function of Experimental Task

i-Perception ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 204166951879119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobu Shirai ◽  
Erika Izumi ◽  
Tomoko Imura ◽  
Masami Ishihara ◽  
Kuniyasu Imanaka
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Representational Momentum ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Computer Mouse ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Pointing Task ◽  
Moving Stimulus ◽  
Post Hoc

Representational momentum (RM) is the phenomenon that occurs when an object moves and then disappears, and the recalled final position of the object shifts in the direction of its motion. Some previous findings indicate that the magnitude of RM in early childhood is comparable to that in adulthood, whereas other findings suggest that the magnitude of RM is significantly greater in childhood than in adulthood. We examined whether the inconsistencies between previous studies could be explained by differences in the experimental tasks used in these studies. Futterweit and Beilin used a same-different judgment between the position where a moving stimulus disappeared and where a comparison stimulus reappeared (judging task), whereas Hubbard et al. used a task wherein a computer mouse cursor pointed to the position where the moving stimulus disappeared (pointing task). Three age groups ( M = 7.4, 10.7, and 22.1 years, respectively) participated in both the judging and pointing tasks in the current study. A multivariate analysis of variance with the magnitudes of RM in each task as dependent variables revealed a significant main effect for age. A one-way analysis of variance performed for each of the judging and pointing tasks also indicated a significant main effect of age. However, post hoc multiple comparisons detected a significant age effect only for the pointing task. The inconsistency between the judging and pointing tasks was discussed related to the distinct effect size of the age difference in the magnitude of RM between the two tasks.

The influence of age structure on total productivity in breeding flocks of Merino sheep. I. Flocks with a fixed number of breeding ewes, producing their own replacements

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
HN Turner ◽  
GH Brown ◽  
GH Ford
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Fixed Size ◽  
Young Stock ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Total Productivity ◽  
Two Age Groups

In a flock of breeding ewes of fixed size, the number of age groups of rams and ewes influences the annual rate of genetic gain in any character under selection. The number of ewe age groups also influences the number of surplus stock aged 1½ years, and the number cast for age, as well as the amount and quality of wool obtained. The latter is also influenced by the proportion of ewes which rear no lambs, one, or two, as well as the proportion themselves born in multiple births or as the progeny of young ewes. In this paper, all these influences are considered in determining the age structure of the breeding flock which gives the greatest number of surplus stock and the greatest relative wool return. To combine the two, relative weights have to be given to wool and surplus stock. One such set of weights has been used, and the conclusion has been drawn that two age groups of rams, with either five or six age groups of ewes, give optimal return, the number of ewe groups depending on the level of reproduction rate. This conclusion depends on the relative weights used. In cases where numbers of animals are of supreme importance, such as after a drought or at a time of increasing pasture improvement, then retaining ewes to an older age would increase the number of surplus young stock.

Effect of Length of Movement on Linear Arm-Positioning by Children

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Corlett
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Constant Error ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
Starting Position ◽  
Information Processing Capacity ◽  
Main Effect

15 boys in each of three age groups were tested for ability to reproduce learned linear arm-positioning movements using a slide bar. Movements of 10, 20, and 40 cm were learned without the aid of vision by moving the slide to a stop, then repeated from the same starting position without the stop in place. Analysis of variance yielded a significant main effect of length of movement for both absolute and constant error and also a significant interaction between age and length of movement. The discussion offers explanations based on information-processing capacity and patterns of child development.

Equivalency of the Forms of Set 1 of the Depression Adjective Check Lists

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Van Whitlock ◽  
Bernard Lubin ◽  
Amy Warner
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Check List ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Main Effect

To study the equivalency of the forms of Set 1 of the Depression Adjective Check Lists a series of 3 × 2 × 2 × 4 repeated-measures analysis of variance were performed on Set 1 completed by three age groups: (1) 162 women and 121 men college students, (2) 206 female and 171 male adolescents, and (3) 233 elderly women and 105 men. Age group means for elderly were lowest and those for adolescents highest and version of checklist (trait means were lower) were significant. As main effect of the Check List forms was not significant, it was concluded that the forms of Set 1 are equivalent.

scholarly journals Analysis of COVID-19 data using neutrosophic Kruskal Wallis H test

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehan Ahmad Khan Sherwani ◽  
Huma Shakeel ◽  
Wajiha Batool Awan ◽  
Maham Faheem ◽  
Muhammad Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Exact Form ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Classical Statistics ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Interval Valued

Abstract Background Kruskal-Wallis H test from the bank of classical statistics tests is a well-known nonparametric alternative to a one-way analysis of variance. The test is extensively used in decision-making problems where one has to compare the equality of several means when the observations are in exact form. The test is helpless when the data is in an interval form and has some indeterminacy. Methods The interval-valued data often contain uncertainty and imprecision and often arise from situations that contain vagueness and ambiguity. In this research, a modified form of the Kruskal-Wallis H test has been proposed for indeterminacy data. A comprehensive theoretical methodology with an application and implementation of the test has been proposed in the research. Results The proposed test is applied on a Covid-19 data set for application purposes. The study results suggested that the proposed modified Kruskal-Wallis H test is more suitable in interval-valued data situations. The application of this new neutrosophic Kruskal-Wallis test on the Covid-19 data set showed that the proposed test provides more relevant and adequate results. The data representing the daily ICU occupancy by the Covid-19 patients were recorded for both determinate and indeterminate parts. The existing nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis H test under Classical Statistics would have given misleading results. The proposed test showed that at a 1% level of significance, there is a statistically significant difference among the average daily ICU occupancy by corona-positive patients of different age groups. Conclusions The findings of the results suggested that our proposed modified form of the Kruskal-Wallis is appropriate in place of the classical form of the test in the presence of the neutrosophic environment.

Conflict Monitoring Across the Life Span

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Czernochowski
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Conflict Detection ◽  
Response Conflict ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Additional Control ◽  
Performance Response ◽  
Conflict Detection And Resolution

Errors can play a major role for optimizing subsequent performance: Response conflict associated with (near) errors signals the need to recruit additional control resources to minimize future conflict. However, so far it remains open whether children and older adults also adjust their performance as a function of preceding response conflict. To examine the life span development of conflict detection and resolution, response conflict was elicited during a task-switching paradigm. Electrophysiological correlates of conflict detection for correct and incorrect responses and behavioral indices of post-error adjustments were assessed while participants in four age groups were asked to focus on either speed or accuracy. Despite difficulties in resolving response conflict, the ability to detect response conflict as indexed by the Ne/ERN component was expected to mature early and be preserved in older adults. As predicted, reliable Ne/ERN peaks were detected across age groups. However, only for adults Ne/ERN amplitudes associated with errors were larger compared to Nc/CRN amplitudes for correct trials under accuracy instructions, suggesting an ongoing maturation in the ability to differentiate levels of response conflict. Behavioral interference costs were considerable in both children and older adults. Performance for children and older adults deteriorated rather than improved following errors, in line with intact conflict detection, but impaired conflict resolution. Thus, participants in all age groups were able to detect response conflict, but only young adults successfully avoided subsequent conflict by up-regulating control.

Aging of rural population in Yugoslavia

Stanovnistvo ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 73-92
Author(s):  
Jelena Antonovic
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Rural And Urban

Mass migration to urban areas constitutes the basic direct factor of the decline in rural population of Yugoslavia in the second half of the 20th century. Due to the characteristic migration patterns by age and sex, they have had a substantial impact on the change in age structure of rural population towards rapid demographic ageing. By inducing decline in fertility and an increase in mortality, the newly formed age structure is increasingly becoming one of the basic factors to further decline in population, or even the major factor to rural depopulation in the majority of regions. The paper analyzes changes in age structure of rural population in the FR of Yugoslavia and across its republics and provinces during the period from 1961 to 1991. The conditions prevailing during the last census (1991) are particularly highlighted. The author points to distinct differences in ageing of urban versus rural populations, and considerable regional differences at the achieved level of demographic age. Based on the main demographic age indicators (the share of five-year and larger age groups, average age, ageing index and movement in major age-specific contingents), the author concludes that the process of population ageing had taken place in both rural and urban populations, but was more intensive in villages (higher share of the aged, higher index of ageing and higher average age) during the period under review. The author points to distinct ageing of rural population in all republics and provinces. It was most prominent in central Serbia and Vojvodina, while being quite slow in Kosovo and Metohia and recorded mainly in between the last two censuses (1981-1991). Likewise, Kosovo and Metohia constitute the only major region of Yugoslavia in which rural population in 1991 is still demographically younger than the population in urban settlements. Rural versus urban population ageing was much more intensive in other major regions of the country, both from the base and from the apex of the age pyramid. In view of the minimal differences in fertility and mortality levels by type of settlement (particularly in central Serbia and Vojvodina), the author argues that the inherited age structure constitutes the main cause of rapid acceleration in rural population ageing in low fertility regions.

scholarly journals Evolution of the prevalence of obesity in the adult population in France, 2013–2016: the Constances study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Czernichow ◽  
Adeline Renuy ◽  
Claire Rives-Lange ◽  
Claire Carette ◽  
Guillaume Airagnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
French Population ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Point Change ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractThis study provides trends in obesity prevalence in adults from 2013 to 2016 in France. 63,582 men and women from independent samples upon inclusion from the Constances cohort were included. Anthropometrics were measured at Health Screening Centers and obesity defined as a Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2; obesity classes according to BMI are as follows: class 1 [30–34.9]; class 2 [35–39.9]; class 3 [≥ 40 kg/m2]. Linear trends across obesity classes by sex and age groups were examined in regression models and percentage point change from 2013 to 2016 for each age category calculated. All analyses accounted for sample weights for non-response, age and sex-calibrated to the French population. Prevalence of obesity ranged from 14.2 to 15.2% and from 14 to 15.3% in women and men respectively from 2013 to 2016. Class 1 obesity category prevalence was the only one to increase significantly across survey years in both men and women (p for linear trend = 0.04 and 0.01 in women and men respectively). The only significant increase for obesity was observed in the age group 18–29 y in both women and men (+ 2.71% and + 3.26% point increase respectively, equivalent to an approximate rise of 50% in women and 93% in men, p = 0.03 and 0.02 respectively). After adjustment for survey non-response and for age and sex distribution, the results show that class 1 obesity prevalence has significantly increased in both women and men from 2013 to 2016, and only in young adults in a representative sample of the French population aged 18–69 years old.

scholarly journals Polarized nature of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: associations with population age structure and behaviours

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Okumura
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Population Age Structure ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Drinking Places

Abstract Background Although the scale of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic was relatively small in Japan compared with the rest of the world, the polarisation of areas into high- and low-COVID-19-incidence areas was observed among the 47 prefectures. The aims of this study were not only identifying the factors associated with the polarised COVID-19 pandemic in Japan but also discussing effective preventive measures. Methods This was an ecological study using online survey data which was cross-sectionally conducted by the author. A total of 6000 respondents who resided in 10 low- and 10 high-COVID-19 incidence prefectures, with a wide gap in terms of COVID-19 incidence, in Japan were recruited. Data on COVID-19 cases and geodemographic information were obtained from official government sites. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare variables between the two areas and age groups. Results This study revealed that that age influenced people’s behaviours and perceptions, except one behaviour of ‘wearing facemasks’. The major factors significantly associated with the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases per 100,000 people were ‘commuting by private automobile’ (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.444; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.394–0.501), ‘commuting by public transportation’ (AOR, 6.813; 95% CI, 5.567–8.336), ‘washing hands’ (AOR, 1.233; 95% CI, 1.005–1.511), ‘opening windows regularly’ (AOR, 1.248; 95% CI, 1.104–1.412), ‘avoiding crowded places (AOR, 0.757; 95% CI, 0.641–0.893), ‘non-scheduled visits to drinking places’ (AOR, 1.212; 95% CI, 1.054–1.392) and ‘perceived risk of contracting COVID-19’ (AOR, 1.380; 95% CI, 1.180–1.612). These factors were strongly associated with age groups. Conclusions Effective preventive measures for COVID-19 transmission can be developed by understanding the characteristics of populated areas, such as public transportation infrastructure and younger people’s movements and behaviours in relation to the population age structure to contain the current epidemic and protect the most vulnerable elderly people.

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