Determination of the diet of the ghost bat (Macroderma gigas) in the Pilbara region of Western Australia from dried prey remains and DNA metabarcoding

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba M. Arteaga Claramunt ◽  
Nicole E. White ◽  
Michael Bunce ◽  
Morgan O'Connell ◽  
Robert D. Bullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Faecal Pellets ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Prey Remains ◽  
Bat Diet ◽  
Collection Methods

The ghost bat (Macroderma gigas) is listed as Vulnerable in Australia, and is a difficult species to study in the wild. The published literature available on even the most basic aspects of its ecology is limited. This study describes an investigation into the diet of ghost bats occupying the Pilbara region of Western Australia, using identification of dried food remains recovered from beneath roosts in the 1980s and 1990s, and DNA metabarcoding of faecal pellets collected from roost sites during 2011–12. Ghost bat diet in the Pilbara region consists primarily of small mammal and bird species, with a lesser contribution from reptiles (geckoes and skinks) and amphibians. In total, 46 vertebrate taxa were identified, with 32 taxa identified from the dried food remains, and 21 taxa by DNA metabarcoding analysis of the faecal pellets. Only seven of the taxa identified were common to both collection methods, and 32 of those taxa identified represent new prey records for ghost bats in Western Australia, and 19 prey species that had not previously been reported from any other part of Australia. Knowledge of the diet of the ghost bat will provide land managers with important information necessary to ensure the continued survival of this species across its range.

Tree Species Preferences of Foraging Birds in Jarrah Forest in Western Australia.

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Abbott ◽  
PV Heurck
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Species Preferences

A study of foraging by 10 bird species suggests that selective logging of large Eucalyptus marginata will only have affected Melithreptus lunatus, but that proposed silvicultural treatments, including removal of Banksia grandis, may affect several other bird species.

The Genesis of Arbitration in Western Australia

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman F. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
The Political ◽  
Trade Union Movement ◽  
Union Movement ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
Compulsory Arbitration ◽  
Industrial Disputes ◽  
Political Scene ◽  
Conditions Of Employment

The use of compulsory arbitration for the determination of the conditions of employment has a long history in Australia. This paper covers the events leading up to the introduction of legislation for conciliation and for the compulsory arbitration of industrial disputes in Western Australia. After two bruising strikes and the experience of successful voluntary arbitration, the union movement came to the view that compulsory arbitration would be to their advantage. The development of political links between the unions and some members of the Legislative Assembly, coupled with certain fortuitous circumstances in the Parliament, resulted in arbitration legislation being passed in 1900—despite the dominance of the political scene by conservative forces and the opposition of the employers. Early experiences with the legislation showed that conciliation was not successful when arbitration was readily available and that the Act was not the answer to all the problems of the trade union movement.

Enzootic Activity of Chlamydia in Farms Located in a Hotspot Area for Zoonosis Emergence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Andres Vanderhoeven ◽  
Jessica P. Mosmann ◽  
Adrián Díaz ◽  
Cecilia G. Cuffini
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Chlamydial Species ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
First Time

Abstract Chlamydias are obligated intracellular Gram-negative bacteria, considered important zoonotic pathogens, broadly present in several bird species and responsible for economic losses in animal production. We analyzed the presence of Chlamydial species with zoonotic risk in farm animals in a highly biodiverse area and with great human circulation, the Argentine, Brazil and Paraguay tri-border area. We surveyed nine farms in an area and nasally swabbed a total of 62 animals. DNA was extracted and specific PCR was performed to identify chlamydial species. We detected Chlamydia spp . in 6.5% (4/62) of the animals tested, positive samples belonged to cattle and none of them showed symptoms of respiratory disease nor had been diagnose with reproductive diseases. Specific nested PCR confirmed two samples belonged to C. pecorum and two to C. psittaci . We report for the first time Chlamydia circulation with zoonotic risk in the region. Surveys in birds and wild mammals could give a better understanding to know what Chlamydial species are circulating in the wild interface. The zoonotic potential should be taking into account as farm workers and the surrounding population could be silent carriers or have respiratory diseases being underdiagnosed, and therefore should be considered in the differential diagnoses.

Variation in the respiratory quotient of birds and implications for indirect calorimetry using measurements of carbon dioxide production

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Walsberg ◽  
B Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Accurate Estimation

Determination of animal power consumption by indirect calorimetry relies upon accurate estimation of the thermal equivalent of oxygen consumed or carbon dioxide produced. This estimate is typically based upon measurement or assumption of the respiratory quotient (RQ), the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed. This ratio is used to indicate the mixture of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins in the metabolic substrate. In this analysis, we report the RQ for two bird species, Passer domesticus and Auriparus flaviceps, under several dietary and fasting regimes. RQ commonly differed substantially from those typically assumed in studies of energy metabolism and often included values below those explainable by current knowledge. Errors that could result from these unexpected RQ values can be large and could present the primary limit to the accuracy of power consumption estimates based upon measurement of carbon dioxide production.

scholarly journals Penerapan Laporan Keuangan Masjid Jami’ Al-Hidayah Pondok Bambu sesuai PSAK 45

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Ari Purwanti ◽  
Adi Riyanto
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Technical Preparation ◽  
Evaluation Stage ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Implementation Stage

Abstrak       Pengabdian masyarakat ini diselenggarakan pada Masjid Jami’ Al-Hidayah yang berlokasi di Jl. Pondok Bambu Asri Raya No.10 RW.09 Kelurahan Pondok Bambu, Kecamatan Duren Sawit, Jakarta Timur. Penentuan masjid ini berasal dari permintaan dari pengawas masjid untuk membantu mencarikan cara bagaimana pelaporan keuangan yang efektif dan memiliki standar. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini diselenggarakan dengan serangkaian metode dalam 3 tahap, yaitu tahap pengumpulan data, tahap penyusunan dan implementasi teknis, dan tahap evaluasi. Pada tahap 1 dilakukan beberapa metode pengumpulan data, di antaranya: wawancara, observasi, dan pendokumentasian. Tahap 2 merupakan tahap penyusunan langkah-langkah pelaporan dan implementasi. Setelah memperoleh data, mulailah disusun langkah-langkah pelaporan keuangan berdasarkan PSAK 45 dan kemudian dibuat format excel link-nya sesuai dengan bagan alir kegiatan keuangan masjid. Setelah itu dicobakan dan dilakukan pendampingan terhadap pengurus yang akan menggunakan sistem akuntansi. Tahap 3 adalah tahap evaluasi yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan penerapan dan kenyamanan pemakai sistem akuntansi. Kata Kunci:  Masjid; Pelaporan Keuangan; Excel Accounting.   Abstract       This community service was held at the Jami 'Al-Hidayah Mosque, located on Jl. Pondok Bambu Asri Raya No.10 RW.09 Pondok Bambu Village, Duren Sawit District, East Jakarta. The determination of this mosque came from a request from the mosque supervisor to help find a way of how to provide effective and standardized financial reporting. This method of implementing community service is carried out by a series of methods in 3 stages, namely the data collection stage, the technical preparation and implementation stage, and the evaluation stage. In stage 1, several data collection methods were carried out, including: interviews, observation, and documentation. Stage 2 is the stage of preparing the reporting and implementation steps. After obtaining the data, begin to compile the steps for financial reporting based on PSAK 45 and then create an excel link format according to the flow chart of mosque financial activities. After that, it is tested and provided assistance to the management who will use the accounting system. Stage 3 is the evaluation stage which aims to determine the level of success of the application and the comfort of the accounting system users. Keywords: Mosque; Finance report; Excel Accounting.

scholarly journals Analisis Kesulitan Soal Pemecahan Masalah Pada Buku Sekolah Elektronik (BSE) Pelajaran Matematika Kurikulum 2013 revisi 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-468
Author(s):  
Yulia Rahayu ◽  
Ali Umar ◽  
Rosliana Harapan
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Problem Type ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Curriculum Revision ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Whole Number ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Collection Methods

This study aims to analyze and describe the level of difficulty of solving mathematical problems in terms of the components of the problem: type of problem, type of number, type of operation, many operations, many questions, sufficiency of data, and similarity with previous questions and difficulty level of problem solving questions in the Electronic School Book (BSE) Mathematics for Senior High School (SMA) class X 2013 curriculum revision of 2017. This research uses literature review or literature study with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection methods used were the determination of mathematics teaching materials/textbooks; determination of problem-solving items contained in the competency test. The data analysis technique uses the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results showed: 1) There are 18% problem solving questions or 20 questions out of 109 total questions; 2) Type of problem solving 55% routine and 45% nonroutine; 2) the dominant number type of whole number is 60%; 3) More types of operations use multiplication operations as much as 90%; 4) Many dominant operations use more than one operation as much as 100%; 5) Many dominant questions use one question as much as 70%; 6) Has sufficient complete data as much as 75%; 7) As many as 60% of the questions were not similar to the previous questions. So that the problem solving questions in the School Electronic Book (BSE) class X SMA are categorized as having an Easy difficulty level.

scholarly journals ANALISIS ATP-WTP TERHADAP TARIF KRL LINTAS TANAH ABANG-RANGKASBITUNG (STUDI KASUS: STASIUN JURANG MANGU)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Felix Casey Ignatius ◽  
Dewi Linggasari ◽  
Hokbyan Angkat
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Ability To Pay ◽  
Collection Methods

Determination of public transport fares needs to be compared to the value of the Ability to Pay (ATP) and Willingness to Pay (WTP) of Kereta Rel Listrik (KRL) service users to pay a sum of money for the services received. The purpose of this study is to analyze the amount of ATP and WTP value of Green Line KRL services’ users, especially those through the Jurang Mangu Station. Primary research data collection methods through surveys with online questionnaire to respondents who have used the Green Line KRL. The research data obtained will be processed and analyzed to obtain the results of respondents’ characteristics, ATP values, and WTP values. The analysis results on the existing tariffs of KRL Green Line with a base rate of Rp. 3.000,- shows the value of ATP and WTP of Rp. 5.057,- and Rp. 4.825,-. The ATP and WTP values respectively for those going through the Jurang Mangu Station are Rp. 5.167,- and Rp. 4.875,-. The results of this study indicate that the ATP value is lower when compared to the WTP value, but this ATP value is greater than the existing tariff. This data shows that the current tariff is proportional to the service received.ABSTRAKPenetapan tarif angkutan umum perlu dibandingkan nilai Ability to Pay (ATP) dan Willingness to Pay (WTP) pengguna jasa Kereta Rel Listrik (KRL) untuk membayar sejumlah uang demi pelayanan jasa yang diterima. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis besaran nilai ATP dan WTP pengguna jasa KRL pada lintas Green Line khususnya yang melalui Stasiun Jurang Mangu. Metode pengumpulan data penelitian secara primer melalui survei dengan panduan kuesioner secara online kepada responden yang pernah menggunakan KRL Green Line. Data penelitian yang diperoleh akan diolah dan dianalisis untuk mendapatkan hasil karakteristik responden, nilai ATP, dan nilai WTP. Hasil analisis pada tarif eksisting KRL Green Line dengan tingkat tarif dasar Rp. 3.000,- didapat nilai ATP dan WTP masing-masing adalah Rp. 5.057,- dan Rp. 4.825,-. Nilai ATP dan WTP untuk yang melalui Stasiun Jurang Mangu masing-masing adalah Rp. 5.167,- dan Rp. 4.875,-. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai ATP lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan nilai WTP, tetapi nilai ATP ini lebih besar daripada tarif eksisting. Data ini menunjukkan bahwa tarif yang berlaku saat ini sebanding dengan pelayanan yang diterima.

Physical and physiological components of the graviresponses of wild-type and mutant Paramecium Tetraurelia

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Nagel ◽  
H. Machemer
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
Paramecium Tetraurelia ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Centre Of Gravity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Type Population ◽  
G Value ◽  
Mutant Cells

Wild-type and the morphological mutant kin 241 of Paramecium tetraurelia showed improved orientation away from the centre of gravity (negative gravitaxis) when accelerations were increased from 1 to 7 g. Gravitaxis was more pronounced in the mutant. A correlation between the efficiency of orientation and the applied g value suggests a physical basis for gravitaxis. Transiently enhanced rates of reversal of the swimming direction coincided with transiently enhanced gravitaxis because reversals occurred more often in downward swimmers than in upward swimmers. The results provide evidence of a physiological modulation of gravitaxis by means of the randomizing effect of depolarization-dependent swimming reversals. Gravity bimodally altered propulsion rates of wild-type P. tetraurelia so that sedimentation was partly antagonized in upward and downward swimmers (negative gravikinesis). In the mutant, only increases in propulsion were observed, although the orientation-dependent sensitivity of the gravikinetic response was the same as in the wild-type population. Observed swimming speed and sedimentation rates in the wild-type and mutant cells were linearly related to acceleration, allowing the determination of gravikinesis as a linear (and so far non-saturating) function of gravity.

Raptor Prey Remains

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Drewitt
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
The Common ◽  
Prey Remains ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Prey Populations

Are you curious about the remains of an animal you have found? This compilation of the most likely found body parts of animals eaten by raptors will help you identify your discovery. Including over 100 species of bird and mammal prey of raptors such as sparrowhawks, peregrines and hen harriers, this photographic guide highlights the common feathers, fur and other body parts found at raptor nests, roosts, plucking posts and other opportunistic spots. Discovering what raptors eat is an important part of confirming their feeding ecology and how this might change over time, vary on a local level or in response to changing prey populations, as well as dispelling myths and assumptions about what certain raptor species eat. Diet studies are vital for the conservation of raptor species; the more we know about what they need for survival the more we can predict and plan long-term for the protection and survival of raptors that may be vulnerable and in decline. This is the first book to show in detail the actual parts of a bird, mammal or other animal that you are likely to find in a garden, woodland or beneath a raptor roost. As more people take an interest in raptors and watch species such as peregrines via webcams and through watch groups, there is greater opportunity for finding prey remains. This book provides the first and most important step in identifying a prey species.

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