Growth rates of, and milk feeding schedules for, juvenile spectacled flying-foxes (Pteropus conspicillatus) reared for release at a rehabilitation centre in north Queensland, Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Jennefer Mclean ◽  
Ashleigh Johnson ◽  
Delaine Woods ◽  
Reinhold Muller ◽  
David Blair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Forearm Length ◽  
Milk Feeding

In Australia, the spectacled flying-fox (Pteropus conspicillatus) (SFF), is listed as ‘Vulnerable’. Many juvenile SFFs come into care at the Tolga Bat Hospital, a privately funded community organisation. The aims of this study were (1) to estimate postnatal growth rates for length of forearm and body mass; (2) to describe the association between body mass and length of forearm; and (3) to develop a milk feeding chart for infant SFFs. Cross-sectional data were collected for 2680 SFFs from the 2006–07 to the 2016–17 seasons. Forearm length increased by 0.55mm and body mass increased by 1.5g per day. Longitudinal data were collected during the 2016–17 season for 128 SFFs. According to these data, forearm length increased by 0.71mm and body mass increased by 3.4g per day. Both analyses indicated exponential associations between forearm length and body mass (P<0.001). Reasons for the differences between the cross-sectional and longitudinal results might include the negative impact of tick paralysis in the cross-sectional study and the positive effect of human care in the longitudinal study. The proposed feeding chart is based on length of forearm. This study was established in a wildlife-care facility providing a model for similar work with other wildlife species.

scholarly journals The Trp64Arg Polymorphism of the β3-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Is Not Associated with Body Weight or Body Mass Index in Japanese: A Longitudinal Analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 5914-5920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Matsushita ◽  
Tetsuji Yokoyama ◽  
Nobuo Yoshiike ◽  
Yasuhiro Matsumura ◽  
Chigusa Date ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
The Cross

Abstract The β3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) is expressed mainly in visceral adipose tissue and is thought to contribute to lipolysis and the delivery of free fatty acids to the portal vein. Although many studies have examined the relationship between the Trp64Arg mutation of ADRB3 and obesity, the results have been inconsistent. We examined the cross-sectional relationship of ADRB3 variants with indexes of obesity, and their longitudinal changes over 10 yr, in men and women, aged 40–69 yr, who were randomly selected from the Japanese rural population. The study considered both dietary energy intake and physical activity levels. Among the 746 participants, the genotype frequencies of the Trp64Trp, Trp64Arg, and Arg64Arg variants were 483, 224, and 39, respectively. The cross-sectional analysis showed no significant differences in height, weight, body mass index, blood pressure, serum total and high density lipoprotein cholesterols, and hemoglobin A1c among the genotype groups even after adjustments for gender, age, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, and energy intake. No significant differences in the weight changes between the genotype groups were evident in the longitudinal analysis. We conclude that the Trp64Arg mutation of ADRB3 has little or no influence on either body weight or body mass index in the general Japanese population.

scholarly journals Pubertal Stage, Body Mass Index, and Cardiometabolic Risk in Children and Adolescents in Bogotá, Colombia: The Cross-Sectional Fuprecol Study

Nutrients ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robinson Ramírez-Vélez ◽  
Antonio García-Hermoso ◽  
Cesar Agostinis-Sobrinho ◽  
Jorge Mota ◽  
Rute Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross

Interannual variation in birth mass and postnatal growth rate of Juan Fernández fur seals

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Ochoa-Acuña ◽  
John M Francis ◽  
Daryl J Boness
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
Attendance Pattern

The objectives of this study were to establish body mass at birth, postnatal growth rate, and the factors that influence these parameters for the Juan Fernández fur seal, Arctocephalus philippii. Females of this species have an unusual attendance pattern in which foraging trips and shore visits last, on average, 12.3 and 5.3 days, respectively. Pup mass was obtained from cohorts born during the reproductive seasons in 1988 through 1992. Birth masses of male and female pups were significantly different, averaging 6.1 and 5.5 kg, respectively (F = 13.2, P < 0.0003, n = 238). Birth masses also differed among cohorts, being lowest in 1992 and highest in 1990. During the first 2 months of life, male and female pups grew at the same rate (79 ± 61.5 g · day-1 (mean ± SD); F[1] = 0.03, P = 0.8562). Interannual differences in growth rate during the first month were significant (F[4] = 8.14, P < 0.0001), as was the interaction between month and year effects (F[2] = 6.81, P = 0.0012). Growth rates for the 1990 cohort were lower than those in all other years except 1992. Birth masses and postnatal growth rates of Juan Fernández fur seal pups are comparable to those of other otariid species.

scholarly journals Postnatal growth and development of Natalus mexicanus (Chiroptera: Natalidae)

Therya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Matías Martínez-Coronel ◽  
Anubis Molina-Gutiérrez ◽  
Yolanda Hortelano-Moncada
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Linear Growth Rate ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Insectivorous Bats ◽  
Eye Opening ◽  
Forearm Length

Natalus mexicanus is a bat species distributed from northern México to Central America.  It inhabits various types of tropical vegetation, roosting mainly in caves with high relative humidity and temperature, and feeding mostly on arachnids.  This study investigated postnatal growth and flight development of populations under natural conditions inhabiting “Los Laguitos” cave, Chiapas, southern México.  Forty-four females and 50 males were monitored from birth to 55 days of age; at five-day intervals, we measured body mass, forearm length, cartilaginous epiphyseal gap of the fourth metacarpal-phalangeal joint, and development of four characters.  We used statistical analyses and growth models to quantify the changes in morphometric parameters.  Neonates are altricial; the ears began to unfold since day one, while the eyes opened at day 25.  Greyish hair appeared between 25 to 35 days.  Forearm length and body mass increased linearly over 35 days, then the growth rate decreased.  The cartilaginous epiphyseal gap increased in size until day 25 and then started to close.  The logistic equation yielded the best fit for forearm length (K = 0.07) and body mass (K = 0.10).  Sustained flight was first achieved at 35 days of age.  N. mexicanus neonates are altricial and relatively small compared with other bats.  Eye-opening and fur development took place at a slower rate than in most species of insectivorous bats.  In the Chiapas population, eye-opening, fur development, and volancy occurred more slowly relative to the population inhabiting Álamos, Sonora.  These differences are probably consequences of local variations.  The morphometric postnatal growth pattern of N. mexicanus was like that of other insectivorous bats, i. e., linear growth rate before the onset of flight and slowing down thereafter.  As in other studies, the logistic model best fitted the growth pattern of body mass and forearm length, but growth coefficients were lower versus other tropical bats.  The cartilaginous epiphyseal gap of the fourth digit closes at an intermediate age relative to other insectivorous bats.  Sustained flight was attained when the relative body mass and forearm length of individuals approached adult body dimensions, as in other bat species.

The Determinants of Idiosyncratic Volatility

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-545
Author(s):  
Jaeuk Khil ◽  
Song Hee Kim ◽  
Eun Jung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Idiosyncratic Volatility ◽  
Return Volatility ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asset Growth ◽  
The Cross

We investigate the cross-sectional and time-series determinants of idiosyncratic volatility in the Korean market. In particular, we focus on the empirical relation between firms’ asset growth rate and idiosyncratic stock return volatility. We find that, in the cross-section, companies with high idiosyncratic volatility tend to be small and highly leveraged, have high variance of ROE and Market to Book ratio, high turnover rate, and pay no dividends. Furthermore, firms with extreme (either high positive or negative) asset growth rates have high idiosyncratic return volatility than firms with moderate growth rates, suggesting the V-shaped relation between asset growth rate and idiosyncratic return volatility. We find that the V-shaped relation is robust even after controlling for other factors. In time-series, we find that firm-level idiosyncratic volatility is positively related to the dispersion of the cross-sectional asset growth rates. As a result, this study is contributed to show that the asset growth is the most important predictor of firm-level idiosyncratic return volatility in both the cross-section and the time-series in the Korean stock market. In addition, we show how the effect of risk factors varies with industries.

scholarly journals Perbedaan status gizi antara perokok dan bukan perokok pada mahasiswa Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Aceh

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Indra Kurniawan ◽  
T. Khairul Fadjri ◽  
Agus Hendra Al Rahmad
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Status Data

Background: Smoking habits can have a negative impact on smokers and those around them. Smokers tend to have a lower body mass index (BMI) than nonsmokers in various populations. The average cigarette smoked per day per person in Indonesia is 12.3 cigarettes (equivalent to one pack). Smokers generally have a lower body weight than non-smokers.Objectives: This study aims to determine differences in nutritional status or body mass index (BMI) between smokers and non-smokers.Methods: The study used cross-sectional, with a sample of 66 students. The research was conducted at the Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health in 2019. Data collection was carried out by direct interviews using questionnaires, as well as anthropometric measurements (weight and height) to assess nutritional status. Data processing was carried out by categorizing smokers and non-smokers, and nutritional status using the z-score of BMI. Data analysis used Independent T-test at 95% CI.Results: The results have reported that students' smoking habits are carried out outside the home (81.8%) by smoking between 3-6 cigarettes/day. Student nutritional status (BMI) in smokers 21.33 kg/m2 and non-smokers 21.86 kg/m2. Statistically, there was no difference (p= 0.600) between the nutritional status of smoking students and non-smoking students at the Health Polytechnic of Aceh, Ministry of Health (p > 0.05). Conclusion: There is no difference in nutritional status (BMI) between smoking students and non-smoking students at the Health Polytechnic of Aceh, Ministry of Health.

Accelerometer-Assessed Prolonged Sitting During Work and Leisure Time and Associations With Age, Body Mass Index, and Health: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Inger Mechlenburg ◽  
Marianne Tjur ◽  
Kristian Overgaard
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Prolonged Sitting

Background: High levels of sitting may have a negative impact on health. The aim of this study was to examine how sitting time varies between work and leisure time and to identify parameters associated with overall sitting time and prolonged sitting. Methods: In a total of 189 persons ≥18 years randomly selected from the Danish Civil Registration System, sitting time was monitored with an accelerometer-based sensor mounted at the mid-thigh. Moreover, participants completed a questionnaire including data on demographics, work schedule, and general health. Data were processed using a custom built algorithm. Overall sitting was parametrized as mean % of time spent sitting and prolonged sitting as s (periods exceeding 30 minutes). Results: During working hours, the mean overall sitting time (49.2%) was significantly lower than during leisure time on both working days (60.6%, p < .0001) and on days off work (58.9%, p < .0001). For men, prolonged sitting was positively associated with age, while corresponding associations were negative among female participants (p = .01). Body mass index (BMI) increased by 0.06 kg/m2 for every % increase in prolonged sitting (p = .005). The odds ratio of reporting poor health was 1.05 for every % increase in overall sitting during leisure time on workdays (p = .005). Conclusions: Overall sitting time varies between work and leisure time. Prolonged sitting is positively associated with age for men and with BMI for both men and women.

scholarly journals The Negative Impact of Higher Body Mass Index on Sperm Quality and Erectile Function: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Chinese Males of Infertile Couples

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 155798831882257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Zhang ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
Zhonglin Cai ◽  
Hongjun Li ◽  
Taoli Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Erectile Function ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Infertile Couples

The objective of the current study was to explore the role of body mass index (BMI) in sperm quality and erectile function in Chinese males of infertile couples. A total of 28 fertility centers in different regions of China were enrolled. Patient data were collected from June 1, 2017, through October 31, 2017. Semen analyses and demographic data were collected and the five-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire was used to evaluate the erectile function in participants with different BMIs. In total, 3,174 Chinese men of infertile couples with an average age of 33.11 ± 6.08 years were enrolled. The occurrence of obesity, overweight, normal weight, and underweight were 5.4%, 36.6%, 56.8%, and 1.2%, respectively. In addition to hypertension and diabetes, primary infertility, a longer course of infertility, and chronic prostatitis were risk factors for obesity. Compared with men of normal weight, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for men with obesity, overweight, and underweight for semen volume <2 ml were 2.53 (95% CI [1.61, 3.97]), 1.33 (95% CI [1.09, 1.62]), and 0.84 (95% CI [0.29, 2.43]); for sperm progressive motility (A + B) (%) <32, the ORs were 1.60 (95% CI [1.16, 2.22]), 1.30 (95% CI [1.12, 1.51]), and 1.03 (95% CI [0.54, 1.98]); and for IIEF-5 ≤ 21, the ORs were 1.52 (95% CI [1.10, 2.10]), 1.11 (95% CI [0.96, 1.30]), and 0.62 (95% CI [0.31, 1.26]), respectively. Obesity was associated with lower semen volume, lower sperm motility, and erectile dysfunction in Chinese males of infertile couples.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN OBESITAS DENGAN PENINGKATAN ASAM URAT PADA REMAJA DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA

e-CliniC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Z. Sipayung
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Acid Test

Abstract: Obesity is a serious and growing problem for healthcare systems in the world and caused by various factors. The most common causes are genetic factors, lack of physical activity or a combination of these factors. If not treated immediately it will have a negative impact on human health in the short term or long term. Uric acid itself is the end product of purine metabolism in humans. The increased uric acid levels are influenced by various factors e.g. genetics, hypothyroidism, obesity, high diet purine. This study aimed to find the correlation between obesity and the increase of uric acid in teenagers. This was an observational analytic designed with cross sectional approach by using consecutive sampling from November to December 2013. In this study there were 30 obese adolescents consisted of 50% males and 50% females. There were 16 adolescents of 14 years old (53.33%) as the largest group. There were 10 (30%) of adolescents with body mass indeces of 28 (the highest number of samples compared to the other body mass indeces). Uric acid test showed increases of uric acid in 15 teens (50%), and the other 15 teens (50%) without increases of uric acid. Conclusion: There is no relationship between obesity and increases of uric acid. Keywords: obesity, uric acid, adolescentObesitas merupakan masalah yang serius dan berkembang untuk sistem kesehatan di dunia. Obesitas diakibatkan oleh berbagai faktor. Penyebab paling umum adalah faktor genetik, kurangnya aktivitas fisik atau kombinasi dari faktor-faktor ini. Jika tidak segera ditangani maka akan berdampak buruk pada kesehatan manusia dalam jangka pendek ataupun jangka panjang. Asam urat sendiri merupakan produk akhir metabolisme purin pada manusia. Penyebab meningkatnya kadar asam urat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam faktor contohnya genetik, hipotiroid, obesitas, diet tinggi purin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan obesitas dengan peningkatan asam urat pada remaja. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang dilakukan dengan cara consecutive sampling dari bulan November sampai Desember 2013. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 30 remaja yang mengalami obesitas. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan 15 remaja perempuan (50%) dan 15 remaja laki-laki (50%). Kelompok umur terbanyak ialah 14 tahun berjumlah 16 remaja (53,33%). Terdapat 10 remaja (30%) yang memiliki indeks massa tubuh 28, dan golongan tersebut memiliki jumlah remaja terbesar dibandingkan golongan indeks masa tubuh lainnya. Hasil pemeriksaan asam urat ditemukan peningkatan sebanyak 15 remaja (50%), dan yang tidak mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 15 remaja (50%). Simpulan: Tidak ada hubungan antara obesitas dengan peningkatan asam urat. Kata kunci: obesitas, asam urat, remaja

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