scholarly journals Biohybrid valveless pump-bot powered by engineered skeletal muscle

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 1543-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengwei Li ◽  
Yongbeom Seo ◽  
Onur Aydin ◽  
Mohamed Elhebeary ◽  
Roger D. Kamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Elastic Waves ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Impedance Mismatch ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Simple Geometry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Valveless Pump

Pumps are critical life-sustaining components for all animals. At the earliest stages of life, the tubular embryonic heart works as a valveless pump capable of generating unidirectional blood flow. Inspired by this elementary pump, we developed an example of a biohybrid valveless pump-bot powered by engineered skeletal muscle. Our pump-bot consists of a soft hydrogel tube connected at both ends to a stiffer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) scaffold, creating an impedance mismatch. A contractile muscle ring wraps around the hydrogel tube at an off-center location, squeezing the tube with or without buckling it locally. Cyclic muscle contractions, spontaneous or electrically stimulated, further squeeze the tube, resulting in elastic waves that propagate along the soft tube and get reflected back at the soft/stiff tube boundaries. Asymmetric placement of muscle ring results in a time delay between the wave arrivals, thus establishing a net unidirectional fluid flow irrespective of whether the tube is buckled or not. Flow rates of up to 22.5 μL/min are achieved by the present pump-bot, which are at least three orders of magnitude higher than those from cardiomyocyte-powered valve pumps of similar size. Owning to its simple geometry, robustness, ease of fabrication, and high pumping performance, our pump-bot is particularly well-suited for a wide range of biomedical applications in microfluidics, drug delivery, biomedical devices, cardiovascular pumping system, and more.

Recent advances in the design of inorganic and nano-clay particles for the treatment of brain disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Persano ◽  
Svetlana Batasheva ◽  
Gölnur Fakhrullina ◽  
Giuseppe Gigli ◽  
Stefano Leporatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nano Clay

Inorganic materials, in particular nanoclays and silica nanoparticles, have attracted enormous attention due to their versatile and tuneable properties, making them ideal candidates for a wide range of biomedical applications, such as drug delivery.

A Review on Application of Novel Solid Nanostructures in Drug Delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 22-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habibollah Faraji ◽  
Reza Nedaeinia ◽  
Esmaeil Nourmohammadi ◽  
Bizan Malaekeh-Nikouei ◽  
Hamid Reza Sadeghnia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Scientific Innovation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Targeted Drug

Nanotechnology as a multidisciplinary and scientific innovation plays an important role in numerous biomedical applications, such as molecular imaging, biomarkers and biosensors and also drug delivery. A wide range of studies have been conducted on using of nanoparticles for early diagnosis and targeted drug therapy of various diseases. In fact, the small size, customized surface, upgraded solubility, or multi-functionality of nanoparticles enabled them to interact with complex cellular functions in new ways which opened many doors and created new biomedical applications. These studies demonstrated that nanotechnology vehicles can formulate biological products effectively, and this nano-formulated products with a potent ability against different diseases, were represented to have better biocompatibility, bioaccessibility and efficacy, under in vitro and in vivo conditions.

Biomedical Applications of Nanoparticles

2022 ◽  
pp. 289-311
Author(s):  
Raghavv Raghavender Suresh ◽  
Shruthee Sankarlinkam ◽  
Sai Rakshana Karuppusami ◽  
Niraimathi Pandiyan ◽  
Suwetha Bharathirengan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Nanodrug Delivery ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Targeted Drug

In recent years, there has been significant growth and burgeoning interest in utilizing nanoparticles for various biomedical applications, including medical diagnostics, targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and biomedical textiles. In particular, nanoparticles functionalized with biological molecules have unique properties and are very effective in medical diagnostics. Besides that, nanoparticles have a wide range of therapeutic applications, including the development of nanodrug delivery systems, the design of novel drugs, as well as their contribution to the design of therapeutic materials. This chapter provides an overview of recent advancements in the biomedical applications of nanoparticles. Finally, this chapter discusses the challenges of the toxicological evaluation of engineered nanoparticles and the importance of conducting detailed studies on the synthesis of future nanomaterials to develop cutting-edge technologies for addressing a wide range of biomedical issues.

scholarly journals Marine Polysaccharides in Pharmaceutical Applications: Fucoidan and Chitosan as Key Players in the Drug Delivery Match Field

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Barbosa ◽  
Ana Joyce Coutinho ◽  
Sofia A. Costa Lima ◽  
Salette Reis
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Per Se

The use of marine-origin polysaccharides has increased in recent research because they are abundant, cheap, biocompatible, and biodegradable. These features motivate their application in nanotechnology as drug delivery systems; in tissue engineering, cancer therapy, or wound dressing; in biosensors; and even water treatment. Given the physicochemical and bioactive properties of fucoidan and chitosan, a wide range of nanostructures has been developed with these polysaccharides per se and in combination. This review provides an outline of these marine polysaccharides, including their sources, chemical structure, biological properties, and nanomedicine applications; their combination as nanoparticles with descriptions of the most commonly used production methods; and their physicochemical and biological properties applied to the design of nanoparticles to deliver several classes of compounds. A final section gives a brief overview of some biomedical applications of fucoidan and chitosan for tissue engineering and wound healing.

A mathematical model for measuring blood flow in skeletal muscle with the microdialysis ethanol technique

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 648-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Wallgren ◽  
G. Amberg ◽  
R. C. Hickner ◽  
U. Ekelund ◽  
L. Jorfeldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Microdialysis Probe ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Perfusate Flow ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Theory And Experiments ◽  
Good Agreement

A theoretical analysis of the microdialysis ethanol technique in skeletal muscle is presented, and a model governing the transport of ethanol from the microdialysis probe to the capillaries in the muscle tissue is proposed. The model is derived under the assumption of a steady-state situation, and an analytical solution is found for the outflow-to-inflow ratio of ethanol in the perfusate. Theoretically calculated results are compared with experiments, and for at least one of the two probe types used good agreement is achieved in a wide range of blood flow and perfusate flow rates. The main uncertainty factor in the theoretical calculations is the diffusivity of ethanol in muscle tissue, and the value for best agreement between theory and experiments has been used. Error estimates show that for a constant relative error in the outflow-to-inflow ratio of ethanol in the perfusate, low perfusate flow rates give better predictions of the blood flow.

Pharmaceutical Applications of Carbon Nanotube-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1685-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar S ◽  
Prathibha D ◽  
Gowri Shankar N L ◽  
Parthibarajan R ◽  
Mastyagiri L ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Wide Range

Carbon nanotubes, which are elongated fullerenes, resemble graphite sheets wrapped into cylinders with a high length-to-width ratio (few nm in diameter and up to 1 mm in length). Carbon nanotubes are molecular-scale tubes of graphitic carbon with outstanding properties. Carbon nanotubes have drawn great interest and attraction in the field of novel drug delivery system. Nanomedicines can target, diagnose, monitor and treat cancerous cell also. The small nanoscale dimension and astonishing properties make them a distinctive carrier with a wide range of promising applications. These cylindrical carbon molecules have novel properties that make them potentially useful in many applications in nanotechnology. The various nano-size carrier systems are available for biotechnological applications including the drug delivery. Carbon nanotubes are typically used for bioactive delivery due to their some unique outstanding properties. Carbon nanotubes drug delivery system opens up new potential and possibilities over nanoparticles, dendrimers, liposomes etc. for biomedical applications and new drug delivery. In last few years, Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown unexpected advantages in the field of cancer treatment and drug delivery systems. Present review article discuss in brief about the methods of synthesis, with purification as well as sorting techniques for giving different grades to different types of CNTs and biomedical applications. These show very good adsorption properties which helps in the detection of various chemicals, toxic agents etc. Research done using CNTs for cancer treatment is also discussed in brief.  

scholarly journals Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles as Nanomedicine for Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.Vijayakameswara Rao ◽  
Jun Gi Rho ◽  
Wooram Um ◽  
Pramod Kumar EK ◽  
Van Quy Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diagnostic Agents ◽  
Long Acting

Owing to their unique biological functions, hyaluronic acid (HA) and its derivatives have been explored extensively for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and molecular imaging. In particular, self-assembled HA nanoparticles (HA-NPs) have been used widely as target-specific and long-acting nanocarriers for the delivery of a wide range of therapeutic or diagnostic agents. Recently, it has been demonstrated that empty HA-NPs without bearing any therapeutic agent can be used therapeutically for the treatment of inflammatory diseases via modulating inflammatory responses. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the significant achievements in this field and highlight the potential of HA-NPs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Recent advances in porous microneedles: materials, fabrication, and transdermal applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leilei Bao ◽  
Jongho Park ◽  
Gwenaël Bonfante ◽  
Beomjoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Portable Detection ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractIn the past two decades, microneedles (MNs), as a painless and simple drug delivery system, have received increasing attention for various biomedical applications such as transdermal drug delivery, interstitial fluid (ISF) extraction, and biosensing. Among the various types of MNs, porous MNs have been recently researched owing to their distinctive and unique characteristics, where porous structures inside MNs with continuous nano- or micro-sized pores can transport drugs or biofluids by capillary action. In addition, a wide range of materials, including non-polymers and polymers, were researched and used to form the porous structures of porous MNs. Adjustable porosity by different fabrication methods enables the achievement of sufficient mechanical strength by optimising fluid flows inside MNs. Moreover, biocompatible porous MNs integrated with biosensors can offer portable detection and rapid measurement of biomarkers in a minimally invasive manner. This review focuses on several aspects of current porous MN technology, including material selection, fabrication processes, biomedical applications, primarily covering transdermal drug delivery, ISF extraction, and biosensing, along with future prospects as well as challenges. Graphical abstract

Nanotechnology Derived Nanotools in Biomedical Perspectives: An Update

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Patil ◽  
Vijay Mishra ◽  
Sourav Thakur ◽  
Bushra Riyaz ◽  
Amanjot Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications

Background: In recent years, nanotechnology is gaining more attention of analytical and biomedical researchers. Nanotechnology derived nanotools deal with the nanoscale length size (i.e., 10-9 m). The particles having size below 100 nm displayed improved properties for attaining increased efficacy, better patient compliance, improved biodistribution and site-specific drug delivery. Method: Google, PubMed, Web of Science portals have been searched for potentially relevant literature to get latest developments and updated information related to different aspects of nanotechnology derived nanocarriers including biomedical applications. Results: Available literature demonstrated that nanotechnology-based nanocarriers like liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, carbon dots, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles have enormous potential applications in the pharmaceutical field. The current review focuses on the drug delivery, bioimaging, tissue engineering and therapeutic applications of different nanotools. Besides these, scope and opportunities, as well as the global market scenario of nanotechnology derived nanotools, have also been discussed. The practice of nanotechnology in the arena of medicine will transform the strategies of detection and treatment of a wide range of diseases in the upcoming years.

scholarly journals Sputtering of Electrospun Polymer-Based Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications: A Perspective

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Kadavil ◽  
Moustafa Zagho ◽  
Ahmed Elzatahry ◽  
Talal Altahtamouni
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Wide Range

Electrospinning has gained wide attention recently in biomedical applications. Electrospun biocompatible scaffolds are well-known for biomedical applications such as drug delivery, wound dressing, and tissue engineering applications. In this review, the synthesis of polymer-based fiber composites using an electrospinning technique is discussed. Formerly, metal particles were then deposited on the surface of electrospun fibers using sputtering technology. Key nanometals for biomedical applications including silver and copper nanoparticles are discussed throughout this review. The formulated scaffolds were found to be suitable candidates for biomedical uses such as antibacterial coatings, surface modification for improving biocompatibility, and tissue engineering. This review briefly mentions the characteristics of the nanostructures while focusing on how nanostructures hold potential for a wide range of biomedical applications.

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