Motivating an English-German contrast in word-formation

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Haas

Abstract German has a set of nouns which are derived from a combination of a preposition and the reciprocal pronoun einander ‘one another’. Compounds of this type are strikingly absent from English, although all the components that enter the German formations are available in English, as well. This paper takes a closer look at the relevant word-formation patterns, focusing on compounding and different types of conversion, also taking into account the diachrony of reciprocal pronouns (einander in German and each other/one another in English) and the role of morphological schemas. It will be argued that for explaining the lack of English nouns corresponding to the German nouns under discussion contrasts in the history and the grammar of reciprocals are less relevant than (i) the availability of well-entrenched word-formation patterns, and (ii) the more significant role of ‘syntactic conversion’ in German.

Author(s):  
Brigitte L. M. Bauer

Over the last 100 years, appositive compounding—combining two nouns in apposition—has become one of the most productive word formation processes in French. In an attempt to account for this dramatic spread and building on existing diachronic research, this article examines the occurrence of appositive compounds in non-standard French during the twentieth century, in a number of Gallo-Romance dialects and in Poilu, a sociolect from the early twentieth century, bringing together historical, dialectal, and sociolinguistic data. Analysis includes the identification of the different types of appositive compound and their underlying structure. Moreover word order patterns and their potential geographic correlates will be investigated as well as the role of metaphors and metonymy. Data reflecting geographic variation and sociolinguistic stratification will thus help to determine what factors were at play in the expansion of appositive compounding in contemporary French.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 434-443
Author(s):  
Firas Hashem

The current study investigated the role of forensic accounting techniques in reducing Cloud Based Accounting risks in the Jordanian five stars hotels. The study population consisted of all accountants in Jordanian five stars hotels. Five stars hotels accountants located in Amman the capital were selected subjects. The total is (170) accountants. A random sample amounting 118 accountants were selected. 118 questionnaires were distributed and 96ones were collected. The study concluded that: There is a significant role of Forensic Accounting Techniques ((FPDDS), (FAIIS), (LMAS), (CARDR)) in reducing Cloud Based Accounting risks in the Jordanian five stars hotels. Despite the fact that nature of computer crime is increasing daily, so there is a need for different types of efforts, to be made on all levels of cloud investigations. And in the same time all legislations and codification related to computer crimes must be updated and reviewed from time to time to keep up with emerging technology.


1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
LENING ZHANG

Pursuing the recent resurgence of research interest in labeling theory, this study addressed an important but relatively neglected issue—the informal labeling process and delinquency—with data collected in the National Youth Survey. A testable model was developed by clarifying and specifying some conceptual issues regarding the informal labeling process. Consistent with labeling theory, the results of the data analysis based on this model indicated the significant role of informal reactions in accounting for youths' subsequent life and behavioral adjustments. However, in some important dimensions, the role was not uniform across different types of significant others and across gender. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Reza ◽  
Annisa Nurul Utami ◽  
Auliya Nur Amalina ◽  
Didi Prasetyo Benu ◽  
Alvian Ikhsanul Fatya ◽  
...  

This paper investigates polyaniline (PANI) adsorption behavior towards triiodide ion (I3-) solution in acetonitrile. Two different types of PANI, namely PANI emeraldine salt (PANI ES) and nanostructured PANI ES (NPES)...


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Toro Jiménez

El inicio de esta investigación se sitúa en una inquietud hacia una de las primeras formas de arte que el ser humano manifiesta de forma casi instintiva, la Danza; así mismo el contacto más directo con esta siendo lenguaje expresivo, donde la anatomía artística se convirtió en protagonista de la investigación. Este proyecto, refleja un cuerpo que se desliza en un tiempo preciso y un espacio narrativo en el cual se desdibuja descifrándose a sí mismo en la huella danzada, identidad de este y pretensión nuestra a alcanzar; algo efímero, su huella, su representación, su propia voz. Con ello se quiso reflejar que un dibujo anatómico, al igual que la danza de un cuerpo, se puede traducir a través del espacio y el tiempo, en cualquier otro modo de creación, ya sea escultórico, pictórico, escenográfico, musical, fotográfico, etcétera; cabe destacar el importante papel que juega el espacio y tiempo en este, pues traduce y traspasa los lenguajes trasladando la dimensión espacial; Hablamos pues, de bidi y tridimensionalidad.Dancing space traceThe aim of this research is to sed light on the latent concern about one of the earliest forms of art which humans being manifest instinctively, the Dance, moreover, the direct connection of this art with the expressive body language, where the artistic anatomy became the protagonist and challenge of this study. According to the facts mentioned above, the work focused on the body that slides into the precise time as well as the narrative space in which is decoded it self on the dance track, that represents it’s identify, moreover led my final goal to reach. Something ephemeral, it’s footprint, representation, what’s more it’s own voice. Furthermore, it is a reflection of how a picture of the anatomic body, as well as it’s own dance, can be represented through the space and time dimensions as any sort of creation. Whether sculptural, painterly, scenic, musical, photographic, so on. It claims to be noted the significant role of time and space on the dance as transfers and translate the different types of languages developing and modifying the spacial translation. Ending up in the bidi and three-dimensionality matter.“Danzando il segno dello spazio”L’inizio di questa ricerca si trova in una inquietudine verso una delle prime forme d’arte che l’essere umano manifesta quasi istintivamente, la danza; Allo stesso modo il contatto più diretto con questa come linguaggio espressivo, in cui l’anatomia artistica divenne protagonista delle indagini. Questo progetto, riflette un corpo scorrevole in un tempo preciso e uno spazio narrativo in cui si sfuma decifrato sé stesso nel segno danzato, l’identità di questo e obiettivo nostro di raggiungere; qualcosa di effimero, la sua impronta, la sua rappresentazione, la propria voce. Questo è stato lo scopo per dimostrare che un disegno anatomico, come la danza di un corpo, può essere tradotto attraverso lo spazio e il tempo, in qualsiasi altra modalità di creazione, sia la scultura, la pittura, teatro, musica, fotografia, ecc. Vale la pena notare l’importante ruolo dal spazio e il tempo in questo progetto, poiché traduce e proietta i linguaggi spostando la dimensione spaziale; Si parla poi di bidi e tridimensionalità


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (193) ◽  
pp. 445-449
Author(s):  
Tatyana Tukova ◽  

Free operation of verbs, which provide the processes of cognition of the medical student, is based on knowledge of their semantics, grammatical design and prosodic features. An important part of learning a new language is always its orthoepic characteristics. Assimilation of accentual norms is complicated by the mobile and free nature of accent in East Slavic languages. Emphasis mobility can be the only marker of grammatical meaning presentation in cases of form homography. The basis of success in developing the skills of using verb forms of the form can be linguistic-methodical forecasting and selection of language tools taking into account the profile of learning. The aim of the article was to describe the features of the formative role of emphasis in the presentation of the grammatical category of the verb, which should be considered in the process of teaching foreign medical students to prevent communicative failures in medicine and home. The article demonstrates how to achieve communicative competence in the audience offuture doctors, practicing the skills of accentuation of species oppositions in the study of actions with objects in different physical states. Particular attention is paid to work with polysemantic verbs such as vysypat - vysypat. Adherence to the principle of text-centricity in learning helps to combine tasks of semantic, grammatical and accentological order, which contributes to the expansion of student knowledge in all three aspects. A number of homograph verbs have been proposed for work in a foreign audience, in which the emphasis has become a grammatical way of conveying the species meaning not only in the infinitive, but also in the whole paradigm. A group of verbs is indicated in which only certain grammatical forms are distinguished by means of stress, and not all forms of the paradigm of different types of verbs. The auxiliary role of accentuation in speciation is considered, which complements affixation as the main way of perfection. Methodological developments are most expediently directed at the synthesis of grammatical, semantic, word-formation and accentuation aspects in the selection of specific text material on the topics of classes.


A large number of dictionary projects use Sketch Engine as it is the most renowned corpus management and corpus query tool. This paper sheds light on the significant role Sketch Engine plays in relation to different types of corpora. The software’s features that support the creation of multilingual dictionaries and lexigraphy are also discussed. The software keeps on updating its old features to facilitate the users, and also adds entirely new features every now and then


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (44) ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
L.N. Rebrina

The object of the research includes the actual designations of the subject with the semantics of enmity, formed with the active foreign language word-formation components, functioning in Russian-language online media and Internet communication in 2000-2020. The approaches used include system-centric and text-centric, semasiological and onomasiological approaches, motivational, definitional, functional-semantic and contextual analysis. It analyses the syntagmatics, semantics, word's inner form, type of motivation, motivational form and meaning, motivational and classification features, lexical and structural motivators, ways of discursive actualising the motivational relations of the studied words. It is shown that selected lexical units with the component –phobe, -phrenic, - saur, -down, -hater, -oid, -oholik, -path, -man, -(e)rast belong to the vocabulary of enmity depending on their significative or pragmatic component, implement a negative assessment of intellectual, psychological, moral qualities of the subject. The actual vectors of developing the nominal vocabulary of enmity in the Russian language are determined by integration, intensification, internationalization, intensification. The relevant word-forming tendencies in the studied group of nouns are highlighted – the frequency of word composition, non-usual ways of word formation, nominations by analogy, the increasing role of onyms, the activity of word-forming components with a negative rating. It is demonstrated that motivational relations of lexemes are discursively implemented through the actualization of lexical and structural motivation, the paradigmatic value of lexemes, the subjective modality that the addressee uses, his/her individual motivation of words.


2021 ◽  
pp. 209-228
Author(s):  
Polina B. Povetkina ◽  

The article is devoted to the study of the relationships of different types of cultural codes in Slavic folk culture, and focuses on object, character, and verbal codes. This problem is considered in the article on the example of straw as a special element of object code in the mythological text about zmora and in the context of its functioning. The article investigates mythological motifs and plots associated with zmora, which include straw; the place of these motifs and plots in the structure of the mythological text about zmora; the problem of their mapping; reflection of traces of folklore notions in which zmora is connected with straw in other folklore genres; different ways to protect yourself against zmora using straw; the functions of straw as an element of material culture, which are related to the problem under study, as well as parallels to the above in the folk culture of other Western Slavs. The article draws conclusions about a significant role of straw in Polish beliefs and legends about zmora. It is also suggested that the repeated mentions of straw in the Polish mythological text about zmora can be considered as related fragments that emerged as a result of the disintegration of a whole mythopoetic folk worldview.


2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.


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