The lexical typological profile of Swedish mental verbs

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åke Viberg
Keyword(s):  
Common Pattern ◽  
Basic Meaning ◽  
Lexical Structure ◽  
Activity Verb ◽  
Major Section ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Semantic Differentiation ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Mental Verbs

The lexical typological profile of a language is a crosslinguistically valid characterization of its lexical structure with particular focus on basic features which are language-specific. The paper deals with basic mental verbs in Swedish from this perspective based on data from translation corpora against the background of available information about typological patterns. A brief sketch is given of language-specific characteristics of the nuclear verb se ‘see’ which is the primary equivalent of English see but is also frequently used as an equivalent of look used as an activity verb (look at) and as a phenomenon-based verb (e.g. look happy). The extensive pattern of polysemy of the verb känna ‘feel’ is dealt with in detail and turns out to have several language-specific characteristics even in comparison with closely related languages such as German and English. Swedish veta is shown to have a more restricted extension beyond its basic meaning than its primary English equivalent know. English in this case appears to represent a more common pattern than Swedish judging from available typological data. A major section is also devoted to the semantic differentiation between the three basic verbs of thinking tänka-tro-tycka which represents one of the major language-specific characteristics of Swedish mental verbs.

scholarly journals Integrating macroseismic intensity distributions with a probabilistic approach: an application in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2299-2311
Author(s):  
Andrea Antonucci ◽  
Andrea Rovida ◽  
Vera D'Amico ◽  
Dario Albarello
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Source Characterization ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Intensity Prediction ◽  
Macroseismic Intensities ◽  
Earthquake Effects ◽  
Available Information

Abstract. The geographic distribution of earthquake effects quantified in terms of macroseismic intensities, the so-called macroseismic field, provides basic information for several applications including source characterization of pre-instrumental earthquakes and risk analysis. Macroseismic fields of past earthquakes as inferred from historical documentation may present spatial gaps, due to the incompleteness of the available information. We present a probabilistic approach aimed at integrating incomplete intensity distributions by considering the Bayesian combination of estimates provided by intensity prediction equations (IPEs) and data documented at nearby localities, accounting for the relevant uncertainties and the discrete and ordinal nature of intensity values. The performance of the proposed methodology is tested at 28 Italian localities with long and rich seismic histories and for two well-known strong earthquakes (i.e., 1980 southern Italy and 2009 central Italy events). A possible application of the approach is also illustrated relative to a 16th-century earthquake in the northern Apennines.

ACNS1221: A phase II study for the treatment of non metastatic desmoplastic medulloblastoma in children less than 4 years of age—A report from the Children Oncology Group.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10505-10505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Lafay-Cousin ◽  
Eric Bouffet ◽  
Arzu Onar-Thomas ◽  
Catherine A Billups ◽  
Cynthia Hawkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Disease ◽  
Multicenter Trial ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Desmoplastic Medulloblastoma ◽  
Central Pathology ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Pathology Review ◽  
Clinical Trial Information

10505 Background: Nodular desmoplastic medulloblastoma and medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity (ND/MBEN) have been associated with a more favorable outcome in younger children. However, treatment-related neurotoxicity remains a significant concern in this vulnerable group of patients. Methods: We prospectively conducted a single-arm multicenter trial of conventional chemotherapy for non-metastatic ND/MBEN, based on a modified HIT SKK2000 regimen excluding the use of intraventricular methotrexate (MTX) injection, with the aim to achieve a similar outcome with reduced treatment related neurotoxicity. The design required 37 patients and targeted a 2-year PFS of ≥ 90%. Secondary objectives included evaluation of feasibility of timely central pathology review, prospective evaluation of the cohort’s molecular profile and neurocognitive outcomes. Results: Between 12/2013 and 07/2016, 26 patients were enrolled, including 16 males and 10 females, diagnosed at a median age of 19.7 months (7.1-42.9 months). Four patients had residual disease at baseline. There were 19 ND and 7 MBEN medulloblastoma, confirmed by central pathology review. All cases were reviewed within 10 days by at least 2 of the 3 neuropathologists. The study was closed early following interim analysis due to a higher than expected relapse rate. At last follow-up, 7 patients had relapsed (3 local, 2 distant and 2 combined) at a median time of 9.7 months from diagnosis (range, 9.5-13.7 months). One patient subsequently died of disease. The current median follow-up for the 25 survivors is 1 year (range, 0.2-1.9 years) and the 1 year PFS rate is 66.2% (SE 12.2%). Based on the currently available information, older age (p = 0.07) and ND histology (p = 0.009) appear to be associated with worse PFS. To date none of the patients with MBEN histology have relapsed. Conclusions: The proposed modified regimen of chemotherapy without intraventricular MTX failed to achieve the desirable 2 y PFS of 90%, leading to premature closure of the study. Ongoing molecular characterization of the cohort may help uncover patients who may still benefit from this regimen. Clinical trial information: NCT02017964.

scholarly journals Characterization of Model Spread in PMIP2 Mid-Holocene Simulations of the African Monsoon

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1192-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weipeng Zheng ◽  
Pascale Braconnot
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
West African Monsoon ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Coupled Models ◽  
African Monsoon ◽  
Systematic Biases ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Precipitation Changes

Abstract Simulations of the West African monsoon (WAM) for the present-day climate (0 ka) and the mid-Holocene (6 ka) using the coupled models from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phase 2 (PMIP2) are assessed in this study. The authors first compare the ensemble simulations with modern observations and proxy estimates of past precipitation, showing that the PMIP2 model median captures the basic features of the WAM for 0 ka and the changes at 6 ka, despite systematic biases in the preindustrial (PI) simulations and underestimates of the northward extent and intensity of precipitation changes. The model spread is then discussed based on a classification of the monsoonal convective regimes for a subset of seven coupled models. Two major categories of model are defined based on their differences in simulating deep and moderate convective regimes in the PI simulations. Changes in precipitation at 6 ka are dominated by changes in the large-scale dynamics for most of the PMIP2 models and are characterized by a shift in the monsoonal circulation toward deeper convective regimes. Consequently, changes in the total precipitation at 6 ka depend on the changes in convective regimes and the characteristics of these regimes in the PI simulations. The results indicate that systematic model biases in simulating the radiation and heat fluxes could explain the damping of the meridional temperature gradient over West Africa and thereby the underestimation of precipitation in the Sahel–Sahara region.

Applying Social Network Analysis Techniques to Community-Driven Libre Software Projects

2009 ◽  
pp. 1883-1905
Author(s):  
Luis López-Fernández ◽  
Gregorio Robles ◽  
Jesus M. Gonzalez-Barahona ◽  
Israel Herraiz
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Collaboration Network ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Libre Software ◽  
Available Information

Source code management repositories of large, long-lived libre (free, open source) software projects can be a source of valuable data about the organizational structure, evolution, and knowledge exchange in the corresponding development communities. Unfortunately, the sheer volume of the available information renders it almost unusable without applying methodologies which highlight the relevant information for a given aspect of the project. Such methodology is proposed in this article, based on well known concepts from the social networks analysis field, which can be used to study the relationships among developers and how they collaborate in different parts of a project. It is also applied to data mined from some well known projects (Apache, GNOME, and KDE), focusing on the characterization of their collaboration network architecture. These cases help to understand the potentials of the methodology and how it is applied, but also shows some relevant results which open new paths in the understanding of the informal organization of libre software development communities.

scholarly journals Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of attaching and effacing Escherichia coli (AEEC) isolated from children with and without diarrhoea in Londrina, Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Blanco Nunes ◽  
Halha Ostrensky Saridakis ◽  
Kinue Irino ◽  
Jacinta Sanchez Pelayo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Genetic Profiles ◽  
The City

Attaching and effacing Escherichia coli (AEEC) have been implicated in diarrhoea in humans in several countries. A total of 919 E. coli strains, isolated from 125 children with diarrhoea and 98 without diarrhoea, was investigated by PCR for the presence of the EAF, bfp, eae and stx genes. Thirty-four of these isolates were found to carry the eae gene; they were isolated from 27 (79.4 %) children with diarrhoea and seven (20.6 %) controls, in the city of Londrina, Brazil. These strains were investigated for their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Different genetic profiles were observed; strains containing the eae gene alone were most common (47.1 %). The characteristic genetic profile of typical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), eae, bfp and EAF, was only found in isolates from children with diarrhoea. The stx gene was not detected in any of the 34 strains studied. Ten (29.4 %) strains were negative in the fluorescent actin-staining test. Localized adhesion (LA) was the most common pattern of adhesion (44.1 %), followed by the aggregative adhesion (AA) (23.5 %) and localized adhesion-like (LAL) (14.7 %) patterns. The results showed a strong association between strains presenting the LA pattern and diarrhoea. Forty-seven per cent of the strains studied belonged to classical O-serogroups of EPEC. The most common serotype found was O119 : H6; these isolates all showed the LA pattern, were positive for fluorescent actin-staining and were associated with diarrhoea. Intimin β was detected in seven strains, four of which belonged to serotype O119 : H6 and three to serotype ONT : H7; all were associated with diarrhoea. On the other hand, intimin ϵ was detected in two strains of serotype O111 : H38 and one of serotype ONT : H19, isolated from children without diarrhoea. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of intimin ϵ in strains of E. coli isolated from humans in Brazil.

scholarly journals Detection and partial molecular characterization of Grapevine fleck virus, Grapevine virus D, Grapevine leafroll-associated virus -5 and -6 infecting grapevines in Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2127-2130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thor Vinícius Martins Fajardo ◽  
Marcelo Eiras ◽  
Osmar Nickel ◽  
Carla Rosa Dubiela ◽  
Eliezer Rodrigues de Souto
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Grapevine Virus ◽  
Available Information ◽  
First Time

Grapevine fleck, rugose wood and leafroll are three grapevine viral diseases whose causal agents (or associated viruses) respectively are Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), Grapevine virus D (GVD) and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 5 and 6 (GLRaV-5 and -6). The objective of this work was to perform a partial molecular characterization of local isolates of these four viral species that infect grapevines. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of complete genes of the coat protein (CP) (of GFkV), the CP and the RNA binding protein (of GVD), the CP and the partial hHSP70 gene (of GLRaV-5) and the partial hHSP70 gene (of GLRaV-6) were aligned and compared in silico with other isolates. These data extend the available information about Brazilian isolates of GFkV, GLRaV-5 and -6, and reports for the first time the GVD occurrence in Brazil.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Characterization of the South American Freshwater Stingray Potamotrygon motoro Venom Apparatus

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Silva ◽  
Yu Huang ◽  
Vítor Yang ◽  
Xidong Mu ◽  
Qiong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Venom Gland ◽  
High Expression ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Freshwater Stingray ◽  
Taxonomic Range ◽  
Available Information

Venomous animals are found through a wide taxonomic range including cartilaginous fish such as the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon motoro occurring in South America, which can injure people and cause venom-related symptoms. Ensuring the efficacy of drug development to treat stingray injuries can be assisted by the knowledge of the venom composition. Here we performed a detailed transcriptomic characterization of the venom gland of the South American freshwater stingray Potamotrygon motoro. The transcripts retrieved showed 418 hits to venom components (comparably to 426 and 396 hits in other two Potamotrygon species), with high expression levels of hyaluronidase, cystatin and calglandulin along with hits uniquely found in P. motoro such as DELTA-alicitoxin-Pse1b, Augerpeptide hhe53 and PI-actitoxin-Aeq3a. We also identified undescribed molecules with extremely high expression values with sequence similarity to the SE-cephalotoxin and Rapunzel genes. Comparative analyses showed that despite being closely related, there may be significant variation among the venoms of freshwater stingrays, highlighting the importance of considering elicit care in handling different envenomation cases. Since hyaluronidase represents a major component of fish venom, we have performed phylogenetic and selective pressure analyses of this gene/protein across all fish with the available information. Results indicated an independent recruitment of the hyaluronidase into the stingray venom relative to that of venomous bony fish. The hyaluronidase residues were found to be mostly under negative selection, but 18 sites showed evidence of diversifying positive selection (P < 0.05). Our data provides new insight into stingray venom variation, composition, and selective pressure in hyaluronidase.

New classes of porphyrazine macrocycles with annulated heterocyclic rings

2000 ◽  
Vol 04 (05) ◽  
pp. 474-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
SILVIA ANGELONI ◽  
CLAUDIO ERCOLANI
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Physical Characterization ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Physical Behaviour ◽  
Peripheral Ring ◽  
Metal Derivatives ◽  
Available Information

The present contribution summarizes the most recent results on the synthesis and chemical physical characterization of the new classes of porphyrazine macrocycles having annulated five- and seven-membered heterocyclic rings, i.e. tetrakis(thiadizole)porphyrazine, TTDPzH 2, tetrakis(selenodiazole)porphyrazine, TSeDPzH 2, tetrakis-2,3-(5,7dipheny-6H-1,4-diazepino)porphyrazine, Ph 8 DzPzH 2, and a number of their metal derivatives, prepared by using, respectively, 3,4-dicyano-1,2,5-thiadiazole, 3,4-dicyano-1,2,5-selenodiazole, and 5,7-diphenyl-2,3-dicyano-6H-1,4-diazepine as monomeric precursors. The available information indicates that, owing to the presence of electron rich and soft atoms ( S , Se ) inserted in the proximity of the porphyrazine core, the TTDPz and TSeDPz macrocycles, closely resembling their phthalocyanine analogues in terms of structural and electronic features and physical behaviour (solubility, thermal stability, vaporizability, etc.), might be promising new materials for applicative properties. Particularly interesting is the operated peripheral ring opening of the TSeDPz macroxycle leading to the formation of octaaminoporphyrazine, followed by its conversion to a tetrakis(pyrazino)porphyrazine. The macrocycles containing the Ph 8 DzPz skeleton, due to the presence of the external non planar diphenyldiazepine units, appear to exhibit a distinct physical behaviour, which can be probably modulated by appropriate alternative substitutions in the 5, 6, and 7 positions of the diazepine rings.

scholarly journals Characterization of Bicistronic Transcription in Budding Yeast

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baojun Wu ◽  
Murray P. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Ribosome Profiling ◽  
Translation Efficiency ◽  
Mrna Transcript ◽  
Stable Secondary Structure ◽  
Intergenic Spacers ◽  
Eukaryotic Group ◽  
Basic Features

ABSTRACT Bicistronic transcripts (operon-like transcripts) have occasionally been reported in eukaryotes, including unicellular yeasts, plants, and humans, despite the fact that they lack trans-splice mechanisms. However, the characteristics of eukaryotic bicistronic transcripts are poorly understood, except for those in nematodes. Here, we describe the genomic, transcriptomic, and ribosome profiling features of bicistronic transcripts in unicellular yeasts. By comparing the expression level of bicistronic transcripts with their monocistronic equivalents, we identify two main categories of bicistronic transcripts: highly and lowly expressed. These two categories exhibit quite different features. First, highly expressed bicistronic transcripts have higher conservation within and between strains and shorter intergenic spacers with higher GC content and less stable secondary structure. Second, genes in highly expressed bicistronic transcripts have lower translation efficiency, with the second gene showing statistically significant lower translation efficiency than the first. Finally, the genes found in these highly expressed bicistronic transcripts tend to be younger, with more recent origins. Together, these results suggest that bicistronic transcripts in yeast are heterogeneous. We further propose that at least some highly expressed bicistronic transcripts appear to play a role in modulating monocistronic translation. IMPORTANCE Operons, where a single mRNA transcript encodes multiple adjacent proteins, are a widespread feature of bacteria and archaea. In contrast, the genes of eukaryotes are generally considered monocistronic. However, a number of studies have revealed the presence of bicistronic transcripts in eukaryotes, including humans. The basic features of these transcripts are largely unknown in eukaryotes, especially in organisms lacking trans-splice mechanisms. Our analyses characterize bicistronic transcripts in one such eukaryotic group, yeasts. We show that highly expressed bicistronic transcripts have unusual features compared to lowly expressed bicistronic transcripts, with several features influencing translational modulation.

scholarly journals Biochemical characterization of a sphingomonad isolate from the ascocarp of white truffle (Tuber magnatum Pico)

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pavic ◽  
S. Stankovic ◽  
Zaklina Marjanovic
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Rdna Sequence ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence ◽  
White Truffle ◽  
Tuber Magnatum ◽  
Available Information

Available information on bacteria that influence the economically important white truffle (Tuber magnatum Pico) life cycle is scarce. From the ascocarp of white truffle we isolated a strain TMG 022C, capable for growth in nitrogendepleted conditions and assimilation of mannitol and trehalose. According to 16S rDNA sequence phylogeny, the strain was closely related to Sphingobium amiense. The strain had the ability to perform ammonification, reduce nitrate and solubilize Ca3(PO4)2, produce chitinase, lipase, phospholipase and ?-glucanase, but not cellulase, pectinase, protease and siderophores. The results suggest that Sphingobium sp. TMG 022C could have an influence on the Tuber magnatum life cycle through improved mycelium nutrition and ascocarp decomposition.

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