Extraction of Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Water Hyacinth Using a High Speed Homogenizer

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Supachok Tanpichai ◽  
Sirilak Mekcham ◽  
Chotirot Kongwittaya ◽  
Woraporn Kiwijaroun ◽  
Kasidit Thongdonsun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose

Eco-Friendly Preparation of Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Water Hyacinth Using NaOH/Urea Pretreatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 990 ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Kraiwit Pakutsah ◽  
Duangdao Aht-Ong
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Ii ◽  
Cellulose I ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Water Hyacinth Fiber

In this work, we described an effective approach to prepare nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) with cellulose II structure under mild condition. Firstly, the water hyacinth (WH) was subjected to a series of a two-step chemical treatment, NaOH/urea pretreatment, and mechanical defibrillation at different defibrillation times. After that, raw water hyacinth fiber (RWF), bleached water hyacinth fiber (BWF), NaOH/urea pretreated water hyacinth fiber (PWF), and the resulting NFC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) as well as rheological measurements. It was found that RWF and BWF exhibited cellulose I crystal structure, whereas PWF and the obtained NFC possessed cellulose II crystal structure. FTIR analysis confirmed the evidence that no other chemical reactions preferentially occurred during both NaOH/urea pretreatment and mechanical defibrillation. As evidenced by rheological properties analysis, the NFC aqueous suspension with a gel-like structure demonstrated a shear-thinning behavior. The obtained NFC could potentially be utilized as a reinforcement for polymeric composites.

scholarly journals Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Pemanfaatan Eceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes) Menjadi Pupuk Kompos Cair Untuk Mengurangi Pencemaran Air dan Meningkatkan Ekonomi Masyarakat Desa Karangkimpul Kelurahan Kaligawe Kecamatan Gayamsari Kotamadya Semarang

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusrinah Kusrinah ◽  
Alwiyah Nurhayati ◽  
Nur Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Public ◽  
Eichornia Crassipes ◽  
Fertilizer Demand

<p>Hyacinth (<em>Eichornia crassipes</em>) is known as one of the weeds that have grown high speed so potentially damaging to the aquatic environment. Presence at the water hyacinth has its own important values associated with the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems, namely as a producer. Community service activities aims to provide training and mentoring utilization of water hyacinth into liquid compost to reduce water pollution and improve the local economy Karangkimpul Village Kaligawe Gayamsari District Semarang City. Location of community service is an area of marsh overgrown with water hyacinth. Community service that has been taken is focused on how simple and appropriate technology can be used by the public through the processing of water hyacinth into products such as liquid compost. The debriefing is given in the form of the theory and practice of composting, packaging and product marketing strategies. Liquid compost product made from the water hyacinth is expected to support the national fertilizer demand and improve people's lives.</p><p>Eceng gondok (<em>Eichornia crassipes</em>) dikenal sebagai salah satu gulma yang memiliki kecepatan tumbuh yang tinggi sehingga berpotensi merusak lingkungan perairan. Keberadaan eceng gondok di perairan memiliki nilai penting tersendiri terkait dengan keberlangsungan ekosistem perairan yaitu sebagai produsen. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan pemanfaatan eceng gondok menjadi pupuk kompos cair untuk  mengurangi pencemaran air dan meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat Desa Karangkimpul Kelurahan Kaligawe Kecamatan Gayamsari Kota Semarang. Lokasi pengabdian masyarakat merupakan daerah rawa yang banyak ditumbuhi eceng gondok. Pengabdian masyarakat yang telah ditempuh ini menitikberatkan pada bagaimana teknologi sederhana dan tepat guna dapat digunakan oleh masyarakat melalui pengolahan eceng gondok menjadi produk berupa pupuk kompos cair. Pembekalan yang diberikan kepada masyarakat berupa teori dan praktik pembuatan pupuk kompos, pengemasan dan strategi pemasaran produk. Produk pupuk kompos cair berbahan dasar eceng gondok diharapkan dapat mendukung kebutuhan pupuk nasional dan meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat Desa Karangkimpul Kecamatan Gayamsari Kota Semarang.</p>

Reinforcing abilities of microfibers and nanofibrillated cellulose in poly(lactic acid) composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supachok Tanpichai ◽  
Jatuphorn Wootthikanokkhan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Regenerated Cellulose ◽  
The Matrix

AbstractThe reinforcing abilities of cellulose microfibers and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) in poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were evaluated. NFC successfully prepared from regenerated cellulose fibers using high-speed blending for 60 min was introduced in a PLA matrix. The physical and mechanical properties of NFC-reinforced PLA composites were investigated in comparison with those of the composites with microfibers. NFC fibrils with diameters in the range of 100–500 nm were disintegrated from micron-sized regenerated fibers. A slight decrease in the degree of crystallinity and degradation temperature obtained for NFC after mechanical treatment was found compared with untreated microfibers. The introduction of NFC in the PLA effectively increased the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the composites by 18% and 42%, respectively. The use of micron-sized fibers to reinforce PLA, on the other hand, showed a slight improvement in Young’s modulus (13%). The improvement in the mechanical properties of the composites reinforced with NFC was found because of the higher surface area of NFC and better interaction between the matrix and NFC fibrils. This allowed stress to transfer from the matrix to the reinforcement. NFC prepared using the high-speed blending could be an alternative to use as reinforcement in composites.

Triticale crop residue: a cheap material for high performance nanofibrillated cellulose

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 3141-3151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Boufi ◽  
Alessandro Gandini
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Disintegration Process

Nanofibrillated cellulose from triticale straws were produced using high-pressure homogenization and conventional high-speed blender for the disintegration process. The energy demand for the disintegration process was shown to depend on delignification and pretreatment.

scholarly journals Experimental and Performance of Water Hyacinth with Cow Dung using High Speed Diesel Engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S2) ◽  
pp. 249-252
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
High Speed Diesel ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Energy Assets ◽  
Water Hyacinths ◽  
Oil Gas

Bio-gasoline is a type of vitality created when natural materials, for example, creature fertilizer or objects which might be left over from horticulture are matured successfully and requiring little to no attempt. The upside of biogas is that it replaces other energy assets like charcoal, kindling, power, fluid oil gas and oil. In our present examination an endeavor has been made to create Biogas from Bio Methanationof water hyacinths and cowdungandtestingtheperformanceofgasanddieselusinghighspee ddieselengine.

Microfabrication research at the National Submicron Facility

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
E.D. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
New Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intermediate Domain ◽  
Circuit Function

Most microelectronics devices and circuits operate faster, consume less power, execute more functions and cost less per circuit function when the feature-sizes internal to the devices and circuits are made smaller. This is part of the stimulus for the Very High-Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) program. There is also a need for smaller, more sensitive sensors in a wide range of disciplines that includes electrochemistry, neurophysiology and ultra-high pressure solid state research. There is often fundamental new science (and sometimes new technology) to be revealed (and used) when a basic parameter such as size is extended to new dimensions, as is evident at the two extremes of smallness and largeness, high energy particle physics and cosmology, respectively. However, there is also a very important intermediate domain of size that spans from the diameter of a small cluster of atoms up to near one micrometer which may also have just as profound effects on society as “big” physics.

Vacuum System to Minimize the Specimen Contamination of High-Performance EM

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
N. Yoshimura ◽  
K. Shirota ◽  
T. Etoh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cascade Type

One of the most important requirements for a high-performance EM, especially an analytical EM using a fine beam probe, is to prevent specimen contamination by providing a clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen. However, in almost all commercial EMs, the pressure in the vicinity of the specimen under observation is usually more than ten times higher than the pressure measured at the punping line. The EM column inevitably requires the use of greased Viton O-rings for fine movement, and specimens and films need to be exchanged frequently and several attachments may also be exchanged. For these reasons, a high speed pumping system, as well as a clean vacuum system, is now required. A newly developed electron microscope, the JEM-100CX features clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen, realized by the use of a CASCADE type diffusion pump system which has been essentially improved over its predeces- sorD employed on the JEM-100C.

The on-line use of histogram data for high-speed correction and alignment of electron microscope images

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
William Krakow
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Memory Access ◽  
Digital Television ◽  
Contrast Transfer Function ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
On Line ◽  
Correction Of Astigmatism ◽  
The Fourier Transform

In the past few years on-line digital television frame store devices coupled to computers have been employed to attempt to measure the microscope parameters of defocus and astigmatism. The ultimate goal of such tasks is to fully adjust the operating parameters of the microscope and obtain an optimum image for viewing in terms of its information content. The initial approach to this problem, for high resolution TEM imaging, was to obtain the power spectrum from the Fourier transform of an image, find the contrast transfer function oscillation maxima, and subsequently correct the image. This technique requires a fast computer, a direct memory access device and even an array processor to accomplish these tasks on limited size arrays in a few seconds per image. It is not clear that the power spectrum could be used for more than defocus correction since the correction of astigmatism is a formidable problem of pattern recognition.

Structural changes in silicon-on-insulator material during post-implantation annealing

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 736-737
Author(s):  
C. O. Jung ◽  
S. J. Krause ◽  
S.R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Radiation Hardened ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Very High

Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structures have excellent potential for future use in radiation hardened and high speed integrated circuits. For device fabrication in SOI material a high quality superficial Si layer above a buried oxide layer is required. Recently, Celler et al. reported that post-implantation annealing of oxygen implanted SOI at very high temperatures would eliminate virtually all defects and precipiates in the superficial Si layer. In this work we are reporting on the effect of three different post implantation annealing cycles on the structure of oxygen implanted SOI samples which were implanted under the same conditions.

An atomic-resolution microscope study of Al contracts on GaAs

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
Z. Liliental-Weber ◽  
C. Nelson ◽  
R. Ludeke ◽  
R. Gronsky ◽  
J. Washburn
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Schottky Contacts ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Semiconductor Interfaces ◽  
Deposited Metal ◽  
Microwave Applications ◽  
Free Interfaces ◽  
Potential Use

The properties of metal/semiconductor interfaces have received considerable attention over the past few years, and the Al/GaAs system is of special interest because of its potential use in high-speed logic integrated optics, and microwave applications. For such materials a detailed knowledge of the geometric and electronic structure of the interface is fundamental to an understanding of the electrical properties of the contact. It is well known that the properties of Schottky contacts are established within a few atomic layers of the deposited metal. Therefore surface contamination can play a significant role. A method for fabricating contamination-free interfaces is absolutely necessary for reproducible properties, and molecularbeam epitaxy (MBE) offers such advantages for in-situ metal deposition under UHV conditions

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