scholarly journals Neonatal administration of idiotype or antiidiotype primes for protection against Escherichia coli K13 infection in mice.

1984 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
K E Stein ◽  
T Söderström
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Passive Protection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Live Bacteria ◽  
Neonatal Administration

Antibodies directed against the capsular polysaccharides (Ps) of encapsulated pathogenic bacteria can protect the host against infection with such organisms. The immune response to Ps, however, does not develop until relatively late in ontogeny. We have, therefore, studied alternative ways to stimulate anti-Ps antibody responses in neonates, namely priming with idiotype (Id) and anti-Id. We believe that these studies provide the first demonstration of the use of an anti-Id antibody to prime for protection against a bacterial infection and the first demonstration of the ability of a monoclonal anti-Id to prime for protection against any microbial infection. We have used a monoclonal IgM Id, anti-K13 capsular antibody, and a monoclonal IgG1 anti-Id in studies of the effects of administration of anti-Id or Id within 24 h after birth on the ability of mice to respond to subsequent immunization and challenge with live bacteria. These studies show that neonatal administration of 1 micrograms of Id or 50 ng of anti-Id lead to significantly enhanced protection in mice immunized at 4 wk of age and challenged at 5 wk with an intraperitoneal injection of 20-30 LD50 of E. coli 06:K13:H1, as compared with unprimed or antigen (Ps)-primed controls. Mice primed at birth, immunized at 12 wk of age, a time when they can respond fully to Ps itself, and challenged 1 wk later, were still significantly protected by anti-Id priming but no longer showed the effects of Id. We conclude that administration of protective Id early in life may serve a dual function in providing immediate passive protection as well as priming for protective antibodies upon subsequent antigen exposure.

scholarly journals Maternal transfer of neutralizing antibodies to OspA after oral vaccination of the rodent reservoir

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn O’Connell ◽  
Nisha Nair ◽  
Kamalika Samanta ◽  
Jose F. Azevedo ◽  
Grant D. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Maternal Transfer ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibody Persistence ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
New Evidence

AbstractLyme Disease presents unique challenges for public health efforts. We hypothesized that transfer of protective antibodies between mothers and offspring should occur after oral vaccination of C3H-HeN mice with E. coli overexpressing OspA. We present new evidence for maternal transfer of vaccine induced neutralizing anti-OspA IgG antibodies to mouse pups through ingestion of colostrum. Protective levels of OspA antibodies in pups were present from 2-5 weeks after birth and they persisted in some mice until 9 weeks of age. This was corroborated by detection of neutralizing antibodies in the serum of all pups at 2-3 weeks after birth and in some mice at 9 weeks of age. A clear association was found between robust antibody responses in mothers and the length of antibody persistence in the respective pups using a novel longitudinal Bayesian model. These factors are likely to impact the enzootic cycle of B. burgdorferi when reservoir targeted OspA-based vaccination interventions are implemented.

scholarly journals A Structural Model for the Ligand Binding of Pneumococcal Serotype 3 Capsular Polysaccharide-Specific Protective Antibodies

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Ozdilek ◽  
Jiachen Huang ◽  
Rachelle Babb ◽  
Amy V. Paschall ◽  
Dustin R. Middleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotype ◽  
Glycoconjugate Vaccines ◽  
Main Components

Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria are a major threat to human health. Capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of many pathogenic bacteria have been used as the main components of glycoconjugate vaccines against bacterial diseases in clinical practice worldwide, with various degrees of success.

Capsules of Escherichia coli, expression and biological significance

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 705-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Jann ◽  
Barbara Jann
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Escherichia coli may cause intestinal or extraintestinal infections. Generally, extraintestinal E. coli are encapsulated. The capsules are important virulence determinants, which enable the pathogenic bacteria to evade or counteract the unspecific host defense during the early (preimmune) phase of infection. They interfere with the action of complement and phagocytes. This effect is generally transient and overcome by capsule-specific antibodies in the immune phase of the host defense. In some cases, capsules are not or only poorly immunogenic, as a result of structural relationship or identity with host material. Strains with such capsules (e.g., K1 or K5) are very virulent. Bacterial capsules consist of acidic polysaccharides, which are made up from oligosaccharide repeating units. The capsules of E. coli are divided into two groups, which differ in chemistry, biochemistry, and genetic organization. All capsular polysaccharides are chromosomally determined: those of group I close to his and those of group II close to serA. The biosynthesis and surface expression have been extensively studied with representatives of group II capsular polysaccharides. It could be shown that their biosynthesis is directed from a gene block that determines the synthesis of the polysaccharide, its translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane, as well as its surface expression in a coordinate process. The chemical nature of group II capsular polysaccharides, as well as the mechanism(s) of their biosynthesis and expression, is presented. Key words: Escherichia coli, capsular polysaccharides, structure, genetics, biology.

scholarly journals Antibiofilm Activity of Dual-Function Tail Tubular Protein B from KP32 Phage on Enterobacter cloacae

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Brzozowska ◽  
Anna Pyra ◽  
Krzysztof Pawlik ◽  
Andrzej Gamian
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Structural Function ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Lytic Bacteriophage ◽  
E Coli

Background: Dual function tail tubular proteins (TTP) from lytic bacteriophage are novel interesting group of biologically active enzymes possessing antibiofilm activity. Surprisingly, apart from their structural function, they are also polysaccharide hydrolyzes destroying bacterial extracellular components. One of the representatives of this group is TTPB from KP32 phage. Here, we present its biological activity towards biofilm of E. cloacae ATCC 13047 strain and towards its exopolysaccharide (EPS). Methods: TTPB was overexpressed in E coli system, purified and tested towards the pathogenic bacteria using agar overlay method. Hydrolytic activity of TTPB against bacterial EPS has been performed by reducing sugar (RS) determination in TTPB/EPS mixture regarding the RS amount obtained after acidic hydrolysis. Antibiofilm activity of TTPB has been set down on one-day E. cloacae biofilm using a biochemical method. Finally, the synergistic activity of TTPB with kanamycin has been demonstrated. Results: For the first time the hydrolytic activity of TTPB towards bacterial EPS has been showed. TTPB releases about a half of the whole RS amount of E. cloacae ATCC 13047 EPS and can reduce its biofilm by over 60%. Destroying the bacterial biofilm the phage protein improves the antibiotic action increasing kanamycin effectiveness almost four times.

Probiotics Slow the Growth of Pathogenic Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowles H. L.
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Controlled Delivery ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Commercial Probiotics

Probiotics are live microorganisms, which when ingested in sufficient amounts, confer health benefits to the host by improving the gut microflora balance. The purpose of this research was to determine whether commercial probiotic products containing multitude of commensal bacteria would reduce the growth rate of pathogenic bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Growth curves were established, and the growth rates were compared for samples of E. coli, S. typhimurium, Nature’s Bounty Controlled Delivery probiotic, Sundown Naturals Probiotic Balance probiotic, and cocultures of the pathogenic bacteria mixed with the probiotics. The findings of this research were that the commercial probiotics significantly reduced the growth rate of E. coli and S. typhimurium when combined in cocultures. Probiotics containing multiple strains may be taken prophylactically to reduce the risk of bacterial infections caused by E. coli and S. typhimurium. Probiotics could be used to reduce the high global morbidity and mortality rates of diarrheal disease.

Bioenhancing Effect of Cow Urine Distillate and Pepper Extract on Antibacterial Activity of Azadirachta Indica Leaves

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3212-3214
Author(s):  
Pramod Dhakal ◽  
Ankit a Achary ◽  
Vedamurthy Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Cow Urine

Bioenhancers are drug facilitator which do not show the typical drug activity but in combination to enhance the activity of other molecule in several way including increase the bioavailability of drug across the membrane, potentiating the drug molecules by conformational interaction, acting as receptor for drug molecules and making target cell more receptive to drugs and promote and increase the bioactivity or bioavailability or the uptake of drugs in combination therapy. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial and activity of combination in Azadirachta indica extract with cow urine distillate and pepper extract against common pathogenic bacteria, a causative agent of watery diarrhea. It has been found that Indian indigenous cow urine and its distillate also possess bioenhancing ability. Bioenhancing role of cow urine distillate (CUD) and pepper extract was investigated on antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica. Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract neem alone and in combination with CUD and pepper extract were determined the ATCC strains against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E-coli by cup plate diffusion method. Ethanol extract of neem has showed more effect on P. aeruginosa, E-coli than S. aureus and K. pneumonia with combination of CUD and pepper extract. CUD and pepper did not show any inhibition of test bacteria in low concentration. The antibacterial effect of combination of extract and CUD was higher than the inhibition caused by extract alone and is suggestive of the bioenhancing role of cow urine distillate and pepper. Moreover, inhibition of test bacteria was observed with less concentration of extract on combining with CUD

Pollution, Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Organic Dyes and their Catalytic Bio-Remediation

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (34) ◽  
pp. 3645-3663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ismail ◽  
Kalsoom Akhtar ◽  
M.I. Khan ◽  
Tahseen Kamal ◽  
Murad A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sanitation Services

: Water pollution due to waste effluents of the textile industry is seriously causing various health problems in humans. Water pollution with pathogenic bacteria, especially Escherichia coli (E. coli) and other microbes is due to the mixing of fecal material with drinking water, industrial and domestic sewage, pasture and agricultural runoff. Among the chemical pollutants, organic dyes due to toxic nature, are one of the major contaminants of industrial wastewater. Adequate sanitation services and drinking quality water would eliminate 200 million cases of diarrhea, which results in 2.1 million less deaths caused by diarrheal disease due to E. coli each year. Nanotechnology is an excellent platform as compared to conventional treatment methods of water treatment and remediation from microorganisms and organic dyes. In the current study, toxicity and carcinogenicity of the organic dyes have been studied as well as the remediation/inactivation of dyes and microorganism has been discussed. Remediation by biological, physical and chemical methods has been reviewed critically. A physical process like adsorption is cost-effective, but can’t degrade dyes. Biological methods were considered to be ecofriendly and cost-effective. Microbiological degradation of dyes is cost-effective, eco-friendly and alternative to the chemical reduction. Besides, certain enzymes especially horseradish peroxidase are used as versatile catalysts in a number of industrial processes. Moreover, this document has been prepared by gathering recent research works related to the dyes and microbial pollution elimination from water sources by using heterogeneous photocatalysts, metal nanoparticles catalysts, metal oxides and enzymes.

Acetate Kinase (AcK) is Essential for Microbial Growth and Betel-derived Compounds Potentially Target AcK, PhoP and MDR Proteins in M. tuberculosis, V. cholerae and Pathogenic E. coli: An in silico and in vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (31) ◽  
pp. 2731-2740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Tiwari ◽  
Debmalya Barh ◽  
M. Imchen ◽  
Eswar Rao ◽  
Ranjith K. Kumavath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Acetate Kinase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Novel Target

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Vibrio cholerae, and pathogenic Escherichia coli are global concerns for public health. The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of these pathogens is creating additional challenges in controlling infections caused by these deadly bacteria. Recently, we reported that Acetate kinase (AcK) could be a broad-spectrum novel target in several bacteria including these pathogens. Methods: Here, using in silico and in vitro approaches we show that (i) AcK is an essential protein in pathogenic bacteria; (ii) natural compounds Chlorogenic acid and Pinoresinol from Piper betel and Piperidine derivative compound 6-oxopiperidine-3-carboxylic acid inhibit the growth of pathogenic E. coli and M. tuberculosis by targeting AcK with equal or higher efficacy than the currently used antibiotics; (iii) molecular modeling and docking studies show interactions between inhibitors and AcK that correlate with the experimental results; (iv) these compounds are highly effective even on MDR strains of these pathogens; (v) further, the compounds may also target bacterial two-component system proteins that help bacteria in expressing the genes related to drug resistance and virulence; and (vi) finally, all the tested compounds are predicted to have drug-like properties. Results and Conclusion: Suggesting that, these Piper betel derived compounds may be further tested for developing a novel class of broad-spectrum drugs against various common and MDR pathogens.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Efficacy and Spectrum of Phosphorous-Fluorine Co-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Typhimurium, Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shewanella putrefaciens, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1786
Author(s):  
György Schneider ◽  
Bettina Schweitzer ◽  
Anita Steinbach ◽  
Botond Zsombor Pertics ◽  
Alysia Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Tio2 Nps ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Co Doped

Contamination of meats and meat products with foodborne pathogenic bacteria raises serious safety issues in the food industry. The antibacterial activities of phosphorous-fluorine co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (PF-TiO2) were investigated against seven foodborne pathogenic bacteria: Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella Typhimurium, Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shewanella putrefaciens, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. PF-TiO2 NPs were synthesized hydrothermally at 250 °C for 1, 3, 6 or 12 h, and then tested at three different concentrations (500 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL) for the inactivation of foodborne bacteria under UVA irradiation, daylight exposure or dark conditions. The antibacterial efficacies were compared after 30 min of exposure to light. Distinct differences in the antibacterial activities of the PF-TiO2 NPs, and the susceptibilities of tested foodborne pathogenic bacterium species were found. PF-TiO2/3 h and PF-TiO2/6 h showed the highest antibacterial activity by decreasing the living bacterial cell number from ~106 by ~5 log (L. monocytogenes), ~4 log (EHEC), ~3 log (Y. enterolcolitca, S. putrefaciens) and ~2.5 log (S. aureus), along with complete eradication of C. jejuni and S. Typhimurium. Efficacy of PF-TiO2/1 h and PF-TiO2/12 h NPs was lower, typically causing a ~2–4 log decrease in colony forming units depending on the tested bacterium while the effect of PF-TiO2/0 h was comparable to P25 TiO2, a commercial TiO2 with high photocatalytic activity. Our results show that PF-co-doping of TiO2 NPs enhanced the antibacterial action against foodborne pathogenic bacteria and are potential candidates for use in the food industry as active surface components, potentially contributing to the production of meats that are safe for consumption.

scholarly journals 3D-Printed Nanocellulose-Based Cushioning–Antibacterial Dual-Function Food Packaging Aerogel

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3543
Author(s):  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Jiawei Fang ◽  
Shuwei Tang ◽  
Zhengguo Wu ◽  
Xiaoying Wang
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
E Coli ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
The Core ◽  
3D Printed

Cushioning and antibacterial packaging are the requirements of the storage and transportation of fruits and vegetables, which are essential for reducing the irreversible quality loss during the process. Herein, the composite of carboxymethyl nanocellulose, glycerin, and acrylamide derivatives acted as the shell and chitosan/AgNPs were immobilized in the core by using coaxial 3D-printing technology. Thus, the 3D-printed cushioning–antibacterial dual-function packaging aerogel with a shell–core structure (CNGA/C–AgNPs) was obtained. The CNGA/C–AgNPs packaging aerogel had good cushioning and resilience performance, and the average compression resilience rate was more than 90%. Although AgNPs was slowly released, CNGA/C–AgNPs packaging aerogel had an obvious antibacterial effect on E. coli and S. aureus. Moreover, the CNGA/C–AgNPs packaging aerogel was biodegradable. Due to the customization capabilities of 3D-printing technology, the prepared packaging aerogel can be adapted to more application scenarios by accurately designing and regulating the microstructure of aerogels, which provides a new idea for the development of food intelligent packaging.

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