Duration of Response to Intramuscular Versus Low Dose Intradermal Hepatitis B Booster Immunization

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Paul McKinney ◽  
Susan K. Russler ◽  
Mary M. Horowitz ◽  
Richard J. Battiola ◽  
Martha Bi-Fong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Booster Immunization ◽  
Booster Vaccine ◽  
Metropolitan County ◽  
Duration Of Response ◽  
Group 2

AbstractObjective:To determine the duration of the immune response to plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine among healthcare workers responding to booster doses of intradermal (ID) or intramuscular (IM) vaccine in 1986 and those with protective levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) in 1986 without booster vaccine. Both groups received a primary hepatitis B vaccine series 24 to 36 months earlier.Design:Cross-sectional follow-up study two years later of an inception cohort defined in 1986.Setting:An academically affiliated metropolitan county hospital.Participants:Group 1: Hospital employees responding to booster doses of hepatitis B vaccine given ID or IM in 1986 due to low anti-HBs levels. Forty-one (82%) of 50 eligible persons were evaluated. Group 2: Persons not receiving booster vaccine in 1986 due to protective levels of anti-HBs. A random sample of 95 persons was drawn from a pool of 152 participants with protective levels in 1986. sixty-five (68%) of 95 contacted persons were restudied.Results:In 1988, 14 (64%) of 22 previous ID responders had anti-HBs levels ≥ 10 milli-international units (mIU)/mL, compared with 17 (89%) of 19 IM responders (p= .055). The 1988 geometric mean titer of IM recipients was 66.4 ±4.5 mIU/mL and of ID recipients was 20.7 ±7.4 (p= .04). None of 65 Group 2 subjects' anti-HBs titers dropped below 10 mIU/mL by 1988.Conclusions:plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine recipients with anti-HBs levels ≥ 10 mIU/mL at 24 to 36 months after primary immunization are likely to maintain these levels two years later. The diminished durability of the antibody response together with the increased rate of local side effects associated with the ID injection route may limit its applicability as an alternative to using IM booster doses of hepatitis B vaccine.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Attitudes of Students of Faculty of Medicine, YARSI University Towards Hepatitis B Vaccine from the Medical Perspective and Islamic Point of View

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Zainuddin Sahir ◽  
Ferryal Basbeth
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
The Government

Background: Hepatitis B is a major cause of morbidity and death, and is still a health problem for many people in the world. Indonesia is one of the countries that has a medium hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence, which is between 3.0% -18.5%. The main content of a vaccine is a virus or bacteria. In addition to active ingredients, there are adjuvants in the vaccine ingredients. The combination of the main active ingredients (antigens) and adjuvants is more effective than using an antigen vaccine only. In Islam, the vaccination includes preventive treatment measures (wiqayah), therefore the vaccines are subject to legal treatment, with various opinions from halal (permissible) to forbidden. This study aimed to find out the knowledge and attitudes of students of faculty of medicine, YARSI University towards Hepatitis B vaccines viewed from the medical and Islamic perspective. Method: The study used cross sectional research design. The participants of this study were active students of Faculty of Medicine, YARSI University year 2015 by using questionnaire. The total number of students of class 2015 was 250 people. The number of students who met the inclusion criteria was 224 students. Error margin was 5% with a minimum sample estimate of 144 people. Result: As many as 24%  of the students was aware that hepatitis B vaccine contains aluminum, formaldehyde. Meanwhile, 72% of the knew that aluminum side effects causes CNS damage. The percentage of students who knew that rejecting the vaccination can be penalized was 27%. While 69% of the students knew that the provision of vaccine does not require informed consent. About 79% of the students understood that technique treatment from prophet era as an alternative to increase immunity in children. Regarding the attitudes towards vaccine programs promoted by the government, 31.2% of the students disagreed. While 33.1% of the students agreed with the provision of vaccines. The majority of the students (70.8%) agreed with obtaining informed consent before the vaccination. Moreover, 58% of the students Were doubtful about education before giving the vaccine. While 58% of the students disagreed that the technique method can be an alternative to substitute vaccines. Conclusion: Although there was a lack of students’ knowldge about aluminum content, Thimerosal and formaldehyde in vaccines, the students know that long term use of Hepatitis B Vaccine which contain Aluminum, Thimerosal and Formaldehyde can cause damage to the central nervous system. Regarding the students’ attitude towards Hepatitis B immunization, the students agree with the immunization program promoted by the government but they agree that informed consent should be taken and do not know about the sanction if they block or reject the immunization program by the government.

Response to Challenge Dose Among Young Adults Vaccinated for Hepatitis B as Infants: Importance of Detectable Residual Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. Spradling ◽  
Saleem Kamili ◽  
Jian Xing ◽  
Jan Drobeniuc ◽  
Dale J. Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Challenge Dose ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVETo determine whether a difference in antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) response to a hepatitis B vaccine challenge dose existed among persons with a baseline anti-HBs level of 0 mIU/mL (group 1) and those with “non-zero” levels of 0.1–4.9 (group 2) and 5.0–9.9 (group 3) mIU/mL, according to the VITROS ECi anti-HBs assay.DESIGNSubanalysis of randomized clinical trial. Response was defined as a postchallenge anti-HBs level of at least 10 mIU/mL and 4-fold rise in anti-HBs level 2 weeks after a single challenge dose of 10 vs 20 µg Engerix-B. Baseline was defined as the anti-HBs level immediately before administration of the challenge dose.SETTINGPediatric integrated healthcare system near Houston, Texas.PARTICIPANTSThree hundred nineteen US-born 16–19-year-olds who completed the hepatitis B vaccine series during the first year of life.RESULTSOne hundred seventy-eight persons had zero (group 1) and 141 (114 group 2 and 27 group 3) had non-zero anti-HBs levels at baseline. Response to the challenge dose was significantly higher among those with non-zero vs zero anti-HBs levels, irrespective of challenge dosage; only 1 person with a non-zero anti-HBs level failed to respond to the challenge dose (group 3, 27/27 [100%] vs group 2, 113/114 [99%] vs group 1, 145/178 [82%]; P<.0001).CONCLUSIONSAmong participants with residual anti-HBs levels less than 10 mIU/mL 16–19 years after primary hepatitis B vaccination during infancy, non-zero anti-HBs levels, with rare exception, indicated persistence of immune memory to HBsAg.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01341275Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0):1–5

Clinical Study of Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ichida ◽  
A. Yoshikawa ◽  
M. Mizokami ◽  
M. Yamamoto ◽  
N. Inaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
The Third ◽  
Antibody Titres

The efficacy and safety of a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine were evaluated in 209 subjects after three administrations at 0, 4 and 20 weeks. Subjects were divided into four groups given 5 μg vaccine subcutaneously, 10 μg subcutaneously, 10 μg intramuscularly and 20 μg subcutaneously to define the effective dose and to compare the effect of administration. Seroconversion of the antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen after the third vaccination reached 96.6 % in the group given 5 μg vaccine subcutaneously and 100% in the other groups. The final geometric mean antibody titres were 700 IU/1 in subjects given 5 μg subcutaneously, 2004 IU/1 in those given 10 μg subcutaneously, 4674 IU/1 in those given 10 μg intramuscularly and 3342 IU/1 in those given 20 μg subcutaneously. In the groups given 10 μg, the early seroconversion rate of the antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen and the geometric mean antibody titres after the third vaccination were significantly higher in subjects administered intramuscularly than subcutaneously ( P<0.05). No major adverse effects were observed and minor reactions were the same as, or less than, those reported for the plasma-derived vaccine. Before and after administration, no significant fluctuation in the yeast antibody titre was observed. These results demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the yeast-derived vaccine, and show that 10 μg was the effective dose.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional association between long working hours and liver function: the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e041595
Author(s):  
Eunchan Mun ◽  
Woncheol Lee ◽  
Min-Woo Nam ◽  
Hyun-Il Kim ◽  
Hyeongcheol Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Working Hours

ObjectivesAlthough the effects of long working hours on liver function remain unclear, in South Korea, there is a social perception that long working hours are associated with poor liver function. Thus, long working hours have recently become a major issue. This study aimed to determine the association between long working hours and liver function, as indicated by the alanine transaminase (ALT) levels.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingLarge university hospitals in Seoul and Suwon, South Korea.ParticipantsWorkers in formal employment who underwent a comprehensive health examination at the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Total Healthcare Centre clinics in Seoul and Suwon, South Korea, between January 2011 and December 2018. Of the 386 488 participants, 212 421 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis.Primary outcome measureALT elevation.ResultsThe participants were predominantly well-educated (86.1%), male (69.3%) and in their 30s (49.6%). In total, 13.4% of the participants presented ALT elevation (>40 IU/L). There was no significant association between working hours and ALT elevation in the general population and in the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative group. Conversely, in the HBsAg-positive group, working >60 hours per week compared with 35–40 hours per week was significantly associated with ALT elevation. The association was more pronounced in those with ALT levels >80 IU/L (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.24 to 3.01) than in those with ALT levels >40 IU/L (OR: 1.45, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.75). The p values for trend were <0.05.ConclusionsLong working hours were associated with ALT elevation only in hepatitis B virus carriers and not in the general population. Provided that there is adherence to the legal working hours, there is no need to further restrict working hours for liver health, irrespective of HBsAg status.

scholarly journals The Impact of Universal Infant Hepatitis B Immunization on Reducing the Hepatitis B Carrier Rate in Pregnant Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 220 (7) ◽  
pp. 1118-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Ju Su ◽  
Shu-Fong Chen ◽  
Chin-Hui Yang ◽  
Pei-Hung Chuang ◽  
Hsiu-Fang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Carrier Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Universal Infant

Abstract Background The hepatitis B virus (HBV) status of pregnant women affects HBV vaccine failure in their offspring. This study is aimed to investigate the impact of the universal infant HBV vaccination program on the long-term hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) rate in pregnant women. Methods Using the National Immunization Information System, we examined a 32-year period of cross-sectional data on a maternal HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) screening program launched in July 1984. An age-period-cohort model analysis of 940 180 pregnant women screened for July 1996–June 1997 and the years 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016 was applied. Results The annual HBsAg- and HBeAg-seropositive rates decreased from 13.4% and 6.4%, respectively, for the period 1984–1985 to 5.9% and 1.0% in 2016 (P for both trends < .0001). Pregnant women with birth years after July 1986 (the HBV vaccination cohort) had the lowest relative risk (0.27 [95% confidence interval, .26–.28]) of HBsAg positivity compared with birth years before June 1984. Conclusions The birth cohort effect in relation to the universal infant HBV immunization program has effectively reduced the HBV carrier rate in pregnant women and the burden of perinatal HBV infection on the next generation.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Knowledge of Viral Hepatitis and HIV Among People Who Use Drugs Attending Methadone Therapy Clinic in Tanzania: A Cross-sectional Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semvua Kilonzo ◽  
Daniel W. Gunda ◽  
David C. Majinge ◽  
Hyasinta Jaka ◽  
Paulina M. Manyiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus

Abstract Background: Methadone therapy clinics have been recently introduced in Tanzania, aiming at reducing risk behaviors and infection rates of viral hepatitis and HIV among people who use drugs. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence, associated factors and knowledge level of these conditions among people who use drugs attending a methadone clinic in Tanzania.Methods: We enrolled 253 People who using drugs receiving Methadone therapy. Clinical data was retrospectively collected from the medical records and face-to face interviews were conducted to determine the behavioral risk factors and respondents’ knowledge on viral hepatitis and HIV.Results: An overall seroprevalence of viral hepatitis (either hepatitis B surface antigen or anti-hepatitis C virus) was 6.3%, while that of hepatitis B virus mono infection was 3.5% and anti-hepatitis C virus mono infection was 3.5%. Seroprevalence of HIV was 12.6%. Viral hepatitis was strongly predicted by advanced age (>35 years) (p=0.02) and staying at Kirumba area (p=0.004), and HIV infection was predicted by increased age (>37 years) (p=0.04) and female sex (p<0.001). Regarding the knowledge of viral hepatitis, majority of the respondents were unaware of the transmission methods and availability of hepatitis B virus vaccines and only 17% were classified as well informed (provided ≥ 4 correct answers out of 7 questions). Good knowledge was highly predicted by higher education level of the individual (p=0.001).Conclusions: Despite the efforts to curb viral hepatitis and HIV infections through Methadone clinics, infection rates among people who use drugs are still high and the general knowledge on preventive measures is inadequate.

Hepatitis B Vaccine in Healthy Hospital Employees

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A Klotz ◽  
R. Normand ◽  
R. Silberman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Protective Level ◽  
Entire Series ◽  
Hospital Employees ◽  
Lower Response Rate ◽  
Low Rate

AbstractA low rate of seroconversion to hepatitis B vaccine is reported. This occurred in healthy hospital employees from two separate institutions. A total of 236 individuals were evaluated in this study and only 53% or 124 persons developed protective levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen following a complete vaccine series. In one hospital, 30% of the vaccine recipients developed antibody but not to a protective level. Employees who received the entire series in the arm or in the arm and buttock (mixed) had a significantly greater number of responders than employees who received the entire series in the buttock (P<.05). Recipients aged 50 to 59 years had a significantly lower response rate to the vaccine (P<.05). There was no correlation with the vaccinee's sex or the timing of the second injection. Vaccine was noted to have frozen in one hospital and accounted for some loss of antigenicity. This failure to respond to the vaccine has necessitated the use of booster injections of vaccine and continued antibody monitoring.

Coverage of hepatitis B vaccine birth dose in Vietnam during 2014-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Vu Hai Ha ◽  
Dao Trung Nguyen ◽  
Ngo Thi Thanh Van ◽  
Pham Dinh Long ◽  
Pham Quang Thai
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Delta Area ◽  
Mekong River Delta ◽  
Birth Dose

A cross-sectional study in 63 provinces/cities in Vietnam (2014-2018) was conducted to describe the coverage of hepatitis B vaccine birth dose from 2014-2018 in Vietnam. The results showed that the coverage proportion of Hepatitis B vaccine birth dose (hepB-BD) in Vietnam during 2014-2018 was 73.4%, of which the proportion of hepB-BD with in 24 hours and after 24 hours of births were 68.7% and 4.7%, respectively. There was diffirent between socio-economic areas (p<0.01). The proportions of hepB-BD in Mekong River Delta area and in Northern midlands and mountain area were highest (81.7%) and lowest (57.2%), respectively. The coverage proportion of hepB-BD in Vietnam during 2014-2018 was low, varied unevenly between years and regions/areas. Enhancing the coverage of hepB-BD, especially hepB-BD vaccination within 24 hours of births will be highly recommended.

scholarly journals IMMUNOGENICITY OF LOW-DOSE INTRAMUSCULAR AND INTRADERMAL VACCINATION WITH RECOMBINANT HEPATITIS B VACCINE

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Dalva TURCHI ◽  
Celina Maria Turchi MARTELLI ◽  
Maria Lúcia FERRAZ ◽  
Antonio Eduardo SILVA ◽  
Divina das Dores de Paula CARDOSO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Intradermal Vaccination ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

The study is a randomized trial using recombinant DNA vaccine to determine whether an intramuscular 10 µg dose or intradermal 2 µg induces satisfactory anti-HBs levels compared to the standard dose of intramuscular 20 µg. participants were 359 healthy medical and nurse students randomly allocated to one of the three groups: Group I - IM 20 µg; Group II - IM 10 µg; Group III - ID 2 µg at 0, 1 and 6 months. Anti-HBs titres were measured after complete vaccine schedule by ELISA/Pasteur. Baseline variables were similar among groups and side effects were mild after any dose. Vaccinees in the IM-10 µg group had seroconversion rate and geometric mean titre (GMT 2344 IU L-1), not significant different from the IM-20 µg group (GMT 4570 IU L-1). On the contrary, 21.4% of the ID - 2 µg recipients mount antibody concentration below 10 IU L1 and GMT of 91 IU L-1, a statiscally significant difference compared with the standard schedule IM-20 µg (p < 0.001). A three dose regimen of half dosse IM could be considered an appropriate schedule to prevent hepatitis B in young health adults which is of relevance to the expansion of hepatitis B vaccine programme

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