scholarly journals Review and analysis of technologies for harvesting perennial grain crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022112
Author(s):  
D. Rudoy ◽  
M Egyan ◽  
N Kulikova ◽  
V Chigvintsev
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Optimal Harvesting ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Perennial Grain ◽  
The Moment

Abstract In agriculture, according to the data of the statistical collection, the production of grain crops occupies a large part. At the moment, much attention is paid to the study of perennial crops such as Thinopyrum intermedium and Trititrigia cziczinii Tsvelev. These crops help to: slow down soil erosion, protect water resources, and minimize the leaching of nutrients [1,2]. The non-cereal part of the crop is a significant reserve for strengthening the fodder base of animal husbandry, expanding the range of sources of raw materials for the microbiological industry in the production of fodder proteins. The article provides an overview of technologies and equipment for harvesting grain crops, on the basis of which one of the optimal harvesting method for perennial crops is distinguished - stripping. Based on the results of the literature review, the main technologies used for harvesting grain crops were identified: direct and indirect singlephase and two-phase combine harvesting technologies; one-, two- or three-phase non-combine harvesting technologies including the “neveika” method; standing stripping technology. The purpose of this article is to review existing harvesting technologies and equipment, selection of the optimal harvesting technology for perennial crops such as Trititrigia cziczinii Tsvelev and Thinopyrum intermedium.

scholarly journals Review and analysis of perennial cereal crops at different maturity stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022111
Author(s):  
Dmitry Rudoy ◽  
Viktor Pakhomov ◽  
Anastasiya Olshevskaya ◽  
Tatyana Maltseva ◽  
Natia Ugrekhelidze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Perennial Grain ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract The article presents an overview of perennial grain crops, gives a comparative characteristic of annual winter wheat and perennial grain crops such as Trititrigia (Trititrigia cziczinii Tsvelev), Thinopyrum intermedium, perennial rye (Secale cereale L) and perennial sorghum (Sorghum x derzhavinii Tzvel.). The study aims to consider the main perennial crops grown in Russia and in the world, to compare their quality indicators, sowing agrotechnical requirements, cultivation conditions, yields, and to justify the choice of perennial crops that meet the needs and climatic conditions of the Rostov region. Presented is the generalized information on the grain quality changes during maturation, ripeness phases of grain crops are considered. Based on the review, the optimal ripeness phases, at which it is advisable to harvest are presented. Literature review showed that in the phase of lactic (мoлoчнaя cпeлocть) and wax maturity (вocкoвaя cпeлocть) wheat grain contains the greatest amount of basic nutrients. It was found that perennial crops have a positive effect on the state of the soil: prevent its erosion and depletion; there is an accumulation of carbon, soil methane CH 4. Comparative characterization of perennial crops with annual crops shows increased protein content - on average 2-3% higher. Also considered are the green mass quality indicators of perennial crops as a source of nutrients in the feed-production technology.

scholarly journals SUBSTANTIATION OF THE CONSTRUCTIVE-TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEME OF THE CAVITATION DISPERSATOR-HOMOGENIZER OF AGRICULTURAL RAW MATERIALS OF PLANT ORIGIN FOR FODDER PURPOSES

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Yelchin Aliyev ◽  
Svitlana Mykolenko ◽  
Vitaliy Yaropud ◽  
Roman Malegin
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Scheme ◽  
Constant Density ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Bulk Fluid ◽  
Gas Phases ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Working Bodies

n urgent task is to increase the efficiency of preparation of high-quality feed through the use of technological processes of dispersion and homogenization with cavitation processing of feed components. The aim of the research is to substantiate the constructive-technological scheme of cavitation dispersant-homogenizer of agricultural raw materials of plant origin for feed purposes. As a result of research, the design of the working bodies (rotor and stator) of the cavitation dispersant-homogenizer was proposed and justified. Structurally, stator resonators and rotor confusers at the moment of their comparison form blades, the curvature of which repeats the curvature of the impeller of a centrifugal pump. To verify the operation of the proposed working bodies of the cavitation dispersant-homogenizer, numerical simulation was performed using the Star CCM + software package. Modeling was carried out using the model of multiphase interaction, Eulerian multiphase, volumetric fluid method (VOF). The phase motion obeys the k-ε turbulence model. At the first, the approximate mixture was presented as a two-phase liquid-gas medium, while the gas is the gaseous phase of the liquid. The thermodynamic state of the mixture was allowed as a resolving multiphase temperature. It was assumed that the liquid in the process of movement had a constant density, and the gas was ideal. The interaction between the liquid-gas phases obeyed the VOF-VOF bulk fluid and Schnerr-Sauer cavitation models. As a result of numerical simulation of the cavitation dispersion process on the developed design, its effectiveness is proved as a pump for pumping liquids with components of the feed mixture, as well as a grinder using a hydro-shock, which is formed as a result of cavitation in the stator resonators and rotor confusers.

Identification of antibiotics in meat. Flow cytometry capabilities

Vsyo o myase ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Zayko E.V. ◽  
◽  
Kuznetsova O.A. ◽  
Bataeva D.S. ◽  
Grudistova M.A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Flow Cytometer ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Meat Samples

The problem of the uncontrolled use of antibiotics currently remains unresolved. Step-by-step monitoring of meat using modern methods will reduce the risk of using contaminated meat raw materials for food production. Qualitative monitoring will identify samples containing residual antimicrobial substances. The use of methods for identifying groups of antibiotics will help narrow the search for antibiotics by expensive chromatographic methods. A study was carried out of beef, pork and poultry meat, which is used in meat processing plants in the production of raw smoked sausages, using two methods. At the first stage, using a qualitative microbiological method, the raw meat was evaluated for the presence of antimicrobial substances, then their group was determined using a NovoCyte flow cytometer. According to the results of a study on a flow cytometer, it was found that out of 10 groups of antibiotics that can be determined by the tested method, the group of lincosamides was not found in all meat samples. The most common groups of chemotherapy drugs in pork were sulfonamides – 29.6 %, tetracycline group – 18.5 % and beta-lactams – 14.8 %, and in beef aminoglycosides – 36.7 %, phenicols – 30 % and beta-lactams – 13.3 %. In poultry meat samples, the most common were sulfonamides – 23.2 %, fenicols – 23.2 %, and beta-lactams – 16 %. Five groups of antibiotics were found in all studied types of meat: fenicols, β-lactams, macrolides, polypeptide antibiotics, and quinolones. This indicates their widespread use in animal husbandry and poultry farming.

ENRICHMENT OF FUNCTIONAL DRINKS FROM VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS WITH PROTEINS OF GRAIN CROPS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.В. ПРИСТУПКО ◽  
Л.Я. РОДИОНОВА
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Optimal Ratio ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Complexing Ability ◽  
Functional Orientation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Pectin Substances

Разработаны рецептуры напитков функционального назначения из овощных соков с добавлением концентрата из пророщенного зерна полбы Руно . Исследована комплексообразующая способность (КС) напитка при оптимальном соотношении белка и пектина. Определен химический состав используемого сырья и энергетическая ценность готовых напитков. Установлено содержание в 100 г разработанного напитка, образец 1 и 2 соответственно: сухих веществ 8,6 и 7,2 пектиновых веществ 1,80 и 1,79 белков 3,46 и 3,40 г углеводов 10,46 и 7,87 г жиров по 0,14 г. КС образцов 1 и 2 соответственно (58 0,1) и (56 0,2) мг Pb2/мл значение pH 5,1 0,3 и 5,3 0,4. Разработанные овощные соки с мякотью, обогащенные пророщенным зерном полбы Руно , могут быть рекомендованы в качестве овощных напитков функциональной направленности. Recipes of functional drinks from vegetable juices with the addition of concentrate from sprouted grain of spelt Runo have been developed. The complexing ability of the drink with the optimal ratio of protein and pectin was studied. Was determined the chemical composition of the raw materials used and the energy value of the finished beverages. The content of 100 g of developed drinks, the samples 1 and 2, respectively: dry solids 8,6 and 7,2 pectin substances 1,80 and 1,79 proteins 3,46 and 3,40 g carbohydrates 10,46 and 7,87 g of fats in each sample of 0,14 g. The complexing ability of samples 1 and 2, respectively (58 0,1) and (56 0,2) mg Pb2/ml the pH value, respectively 5,1 0,3 and 5,3 0,4. Developed vegetable juices with pulp, enriched with sprouted grain of spelt Runo , can be recommended as vegetable drinks of a functional orientation.

Analytical support of the main trends in the development of the livestock industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Elena Kostyukova ◽  
Alexander Frolov
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Agricultural Economics ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Livestock Products

Agriculture is the most important area of economic activity for the production of products and services in order to provide the population with quality food, industry with raw materials and promote sustainable development of rural areas. In recent years, there has been a downward trend in the rate of agricultural development, which is lagging behind the growth rate of the Russian economy as a whole. Structural changes in the agro-industrial complex have not produced significant positive results, which is caused by a number of reasons. One of the directions of agricultural policy in Russia is the accelerated development of animal husbandry and increasing the competitiveness of domestic livestock products in the domestic market. The state program for the development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food provides for a set of measures for the priority development of animal husbandry. Implementation of these measures requires improved management in order to increase the efficiency of livestock production. The article considers aspects of the formation of accounting and analytical support for management of the livestock industry, economic and statistical analysis of trends and structural changes in the livestock industry. The best practices of Russian scientists in the field of accounting and agricultural Economics are summarized

scholarly journals TRANSITION TO THE SECOND GREEN REVOLUTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF ACCOUNT TO DIGITAL ECONOMY

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
World War ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Moment

the problems of the transition to the second green revolution in the context of tak-ing into account the digital economy were considered from the state of the moment of Russian agri-culture in 1913, taking into account both the yield, harvesting and export of cereals and the number of horses and cattle before and after the First World War, after the Civil War, on the eve and after World War II. The situation of mechanization of agriculture and the transition to intensive produc-tion and supply by defense consumers with the transition to the first green revolution and the inten-sive development of animal husbandry with the Italian technology of megacomplexes of pig and poultry farming with the import of corn to feed them are considered. The balance of feed is practically not achieved due to the intensive export of cereals, mainly wheat, corn and soybeans abroad. The increase in the production of various grain crops is currently possible only due to the transition to intensification of their production, the introduction of biomineral fertilizers in the framework of the second green revolution and the consideration of the prospects of digital information and communication technologies in the development of the digital economy.

scholarly journals Technical Guidance on Shredded Meat Cattle Production for Strengthening the Entrepreneurial Soul for New Graduates

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Harapin Hafid ◽  
Nuraini Nuraini ◽  
Inderawati Inderawati ◽  
S.H. Ananda ◽  
L.O.A. Sani
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
New Graduates ◽  
The People ◽  
Training Materials ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Activity Method ◽  
Technical Guidance

Community service activities in the form of training in the application of appropriate technology for shredded production aimed at providing entrepreneurial skills and motivation. In this activity, technical guidance is carried out to increase knowledge and skills as well as work insights to the target so that they can form a shredded meat business group so that they can supply shredded needs for the people in the city of Kendari and surrounding areas. The activity method uses the technical guidance method where the participants are first given counseling related to basic knowledge of raw materials, equipment, manufacturing processes and abon assessment. Then there was a demonstration to make floss making involving the participants. The results achieved in this activity, in the form of increased knowledge and understanding of the training participants consisting of alumni of the Department of Animal Science, Halu Oleo University, were very interested and enthusiastic about receiving training materials and were very actively participating in the training activities. This situation shows that alumni majoring in animal husbandry are still in dire need of additional practice material because of the limited practical opportunities they have. In evaluating activities, participants' perception responses to follow-up activities are divided into three categories. Most want to make it for consumption and sell it as a source of income (60%), some want to make it for their own consumption with their families (30%) and some are interested but it is difficult to buy raw meat because of economic incapability (10%).

scholarly journals Analysis of the domestic market of veterinary incesctoacaricides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. K. Halchynska ◽  
◽  
Ya. V. Yarmolenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
State Level ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
The State ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Survey Analysis

The main condition for ensuring the economic efficiency of agricultural livestock rearing is the maintenance of wellbeing of farm animals, which is characterized by high productive qualities and the necessary reproductive capacity. At the same time, outbreaks of diseases of various etiologies, including parasitic, are often the cause of reduced productivity of animals. Pest insects control is important in the conditions of intensive animal husbandry, when at big farms and complexes animals are concentrated in large numbers. This increases the risk of reproduction and rapid spread of many insects that parasitize farm animals and are carriers of infectious and invasive diseases and cause economic damage due to reduced animal productivity and quality of raw materials. Protection of animals from ecto- and endoparasites requires the development and creation of highly effective antiparasitic drugs, because providing the necessary range of means to combat diseases of animals, inexpensive in price, in user-friendly forms is a way to further development of animal husbandry. Recent years mark a development of the domestic market of medicines for veterinary use, an increase in the number of registered drugs, the development of enterprises producing medicines, an increase in the number of companies engaged in pharmaceutical activities in both wholesale and retail. All this speaks of the prospects of the market of medicines for veterinary use. Specialists working in the field of production and sale of medicines need immediate, objective and reliable information on the state of the pharmaceutical market. This information has a significant volume and dynamism. Identifying the peculiarities of the formation of the market of veterinary goods at the state level should contribute to the improvement of management methods in this sphere, and the development of veterinary entrepreneurship. Therefore, the reorientation of domestic pharmaceutical companies to the principles of marketing will ensure the search, development and production of effective and competitive drugs, which will meet the pressing needs of customers. The aim of the work was to study the structure of the domestic pharmaceutical market, namely veterinary insectoacaricides. Our research focused on such tasks as studying the nomenclature of veterinary insectoacaricides of foreign and domestic manufacturers by the following indicators: manufacturers, species, forms of release and means of administration. The study of imported products also focused on the country of manufacture according to the State Register of Medicines. The study uses the methods of survey, analysis, comparison, generalization to get the required information. Statistical method was used to process the obtained data. Insectoacaricides are a significant share of the domestic pharmaceutical market. The study group is represented by 186 drugs of domestic and foreign manufacture, which is about 3% of the total number of all registered drugs. Of the 186 registered drugs, 35.5% (66) are imported and 64.5% (120) are domestic. Among insectoacaricides of foreign manufacture, the largest market share is occupied by Merial and KRKA, d.d., Novo mesto – 10.6% each (7 drugs each), KVP Pharma and Veterinar-Product GmbH – 9.1% (6 drugs), and among domestic companies the products of TOV “UKRBIONIT”; VK “KRUG”; TOV “NOVA PLUS” comprises 14.2% (17 drugs), TOV “Vetsintez” and TOV “NOVA PLUS” - 10.8% (13 drugs each), TOV “MEDIPROMTEK”, TOV company “Product”, TOV “NVP “SUZIRIA” – 8.3% (10 drugs each). The implementation of marketing activities which includes the research of the pharmaceutical market, allows companies to better adapt to market economy conditions, determine tactics of competitive behavior, adapt to change, improve strategy, change the production process according to consumer requirements and needs.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE BLACK SEA HYDROBIONT RESOURCE STUDY METHOD AS A NEW ECONOMICALLY FEASIBLE DIRECTION OF PHARMACOLOGY AIMING TOWARD SAVE HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 941 (1) ◽  
pp. 012023
Author(s):  
O P Chzhu ◽  
D E Araviashvili ◽  
A L Tumanova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Active Substances

Abstract The selection of the Black Sea aquatic area as a hydrobiont biologically active compound source allows resolving several environmental problems including development of an integrated hydrobiological resource management system for the Black Sea as a new sector of modern pharmacology. Aquatic organisms produce unique secondary metabolites. This paper presents the results of studies on the development of the biologically active substance extraction technology from non-commercial aquatic organisms as well as a preliminary assessment of the biochemical activity of the substrates obtained. Biologically active substances were extracted using the of two-phase extraction method in conjunction with ultrasound. For the substrates, the antioxidant activity was determined utilising the method that allow conducting screening of pharmaceutical raw materials and biologically active substances with high antioxidant activity. The protective activity evaluation was carried out during the study of the enzymatic alcoholic fermentation kinetics within a self-contained system. The evaluation of lymphocytes proliferative activities influenced by the obtained substrates was carried out using the cultivation method. The acquired data allows recommending the two-phase extraction method combined with ultrasonic voiceover as the effective one when processing analogical marine raw materials. The isolated substrates are characterised by a pronounced biochemical activity in relation to the living systems cells, which suggests a significant synergistic effect with derivatives of the microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris.

Perennial grain crops: A synthesis of ecology and plant breeding

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.R. DeHaan ◽  
D.L. Van Tassel ◽  
T.S. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Quantitative Genetic Model ◽  
Perennial Grain

AbstractPerennial grain crops would address many agricultural problems, including soil erosion, nutrient loss and pesticide contamination. Doubts about the possibility of perennial grain crops rest upon two assumptions: (1) that the relationship between yield and longevity is a fixed function that cannot be influenced by selection, mutation or environmental changes; and (2) that yield and longevity trade off in a bivariate manner to the exclusion of all other traits. These assumptions are consistent with the phenotypic trade-off model, but recent research suggests that a quantitative genetic model is a more appropriate approach to trade-offs. In the quantitative genetic model, environmental and genetic changes can result in increases in two traits simultaneously even when a trade-off, or negative correlation, exists between the two traits. Empirical evidence that the trade-off between perenniality and reproductive allocation is not fixed comes from wild, herbaceous perennials that can produce more than 2000 kg seed ha−1 in the temperate zone, and herbaceous perennial crops that produce on average 8900 kg fruit ha−1 in the tropics. Ecological literature suggests that most perennials produce small amounts of seed relative to their vegetative growth not as a physiological absolute, but rather as a result of natural selection in a stable, competitive environment favoring longevity. By selecting strongly for seed yield in a population of perennial plants, the plant breeder can likely achieve that which is rare in nature—a high seed-yielding perennial plant. The same general methodologies that have allowed annual grain breeders to increase grain yield and push many combinations of negatively correlated traits to levels of expression not seen in nature are available to the perennial grain breeder. Perennial grain breeders are integrating ecological principles and traditional plant breeding methods in their efforts to develop perennial grain wheat (Triticum spp.), sorghum (Sorghum spp.), sunflower (Helianthus spp.), Illinois bundleflower (Desmanthus illinoensis) and rice (Oryza spp.).

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