scholarly journals Secondary phloem traits in mature stems of Betula ermanii in stressful environments of volcanic activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 946 (1) ◽  
pp. 012046
Author(s):  
A I Talskikh ◽  
A V Kopanina ◽  
I I Vlasova
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Betula Ermanii ◽  
Structural Peculiarities ◽  
Stressful Environments

Abstract This research summarizes the results of study of structural peculiarities of Betula ermanii growing around Baransky Volcano close to the thermal Golubye Ozera. We have performed statistical analysis of parameters of the secondary phloem of multiyear shoots and stems and found some features tied to extreme environmental conditions. We have found that structural reaction of the secondary phloem of multiyear shoots and stems of B. ermanii to the extreme conditions of post-volcanic activity of Baransky Volcano manifests itself as changes in the geometry of the conductive elements and dilatation of the radial parenchyma in the non-conductive phloem. We believe these changes to be adaptive in nature due to the need for increased conductivity in volcanic landscapes.

scholarly journals III. Analyses of agricultural yield. Part I.—The spacing experiment with Egyptian cottom, 1912

1915 ◽  
Vol 206 (325-334) ◽  
pp. 103-180 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Chief Factors ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Agricultural Yield

The aim of the investigations here entered upon is statistical analysis of the yield of agricultural crops in terms of the stages of the plant’s development. When the yield is a fruit, then precedent stages determining the yield must be the flower and, before this, the development of flowering branches. In such a case, for full analysis of the final yield, careful records of these stages must first be taken all through the development season of the crop. The senior author has elaborated, during experiments on cotton in Egypt, the procedure for carrying out such analysis and the points to be attended to. Armed with this method of analysis the effects of environmental conditions on the development of the crop can be satisfactorily distinguished. The chief factors of environment capable of control in field work are—the space allowed to each plant, the date of sowing, the supply of water, of manures, and the choice of the year in which the crop is grown.

Modern problems of regionalization of territories and human adaptation in regions with extreme natural and climatic conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Key Words Adaptation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

The paper considers modern approaches to the zoning of territories and the selection of people for life in extreme environmental conditions, taking into account modern geopolitical challenges. It is shown that it is possible, based on the allostasis concept, to conduct not only the selection of persons with a high level of nonspecific resistance, but also to quantify the degree of extremity of environmental factors using the standard represpiration test. Key words: adaptation, extreme conditions, selection, hypoxia, cold, rerespiration, allostatic load.

scholarly journals What are extreme environmental conditions and how do organisms cope with them?

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Wingfield ◽  
J. Patrick Kelley ◽  
Frédéric Angelier
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Interaction With Receptors

Abstract Severe environmental conditions affect organisms in two major ways. The environment may be predictably severe such as in deserts, polar and alpine regions, or individuals may be exposed to temporarily extreme conditions through weather, presence of predators, lack of food, social status etc. Existence in an extreme environment may be possible, but then to breed or molt in addition can present major bottlenecks that have resulted in the evolution of hormone-behavior adaptations to cope with unpredictable events. Examples of hormone-behavior adaptations in extreme conditions include attenuated testosterone secretion because territoriality and excess courtship may be too costly when there is one opportunity to reproduce. The individual may even become insensitive to testosterone when target areas of the brain regulating reproductive behavior no longer respond to the hormone. A second example is reduced sensitivity to glucocorticoids following acute stress during the breeding season or molt that allows successful reproduction and/or a vital renewal of the integument to endure extreme conditions during the rest of the year. Reduced sensitivity could involve: (a) modulated response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, (b) reduced sensitivity to high glucocorticoid levels, or (c) a combination of (a) and (b). Moreover, corticosteroid binding proteins (CBP) buffer responses to stress by reducing the movement of glucocorticoids into target cells. Finally, intracellular enzymes (11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and variants) can deactivate glucocorticoids entering cells thus reducing interaction with receptors. These mechanisms have important implications for climate change and increasing extremes of weather.

Mapping and analysis of distribution patterns of lichens on rural medieval churches in north-eastern Germany

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Weber ◽  
Burkhard Büdel
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Habitat Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Detailed Statistical Analysis ◽  
Stone Walls ◽  
Important Habitat

AbstractLichen communities were examined on 62 churches in Mecklenburg–Vorpommern, Germany. Ninety-six lichen species and subspecies, and three species of lichenicolous fungi identified. Tylothallia biformigera and Lecanora campestris subsp. dolomitica are reported as new Germany, and another 20 species are considered as threatened. This implies that the stone walls churches represent an extremely important habitat in Mecklenburg–Vorpommern, where natural outcrops are rare. The distribution of lichen species was analyzed quantitatively in relation to several habitat factors. Aspect, substratum and inclination were found to be important factors for 35, 34 31 species, respectively. The height of the relevé was a significant factor for many species. Twenty-three species, which are described in the literature with oceanic to suboceanic distributions, occur significantly more frequently near the coast. The ways in which microclimate affects each these habitat factors and contributes to the presence or absence of a species or group of species discussed. Some species have narrow and specific habitat demands, whereas others thrive under wide range of environmental conditions. The advantages of a strictly schematic approach with detailed statistical analysis are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of environmental conditions on propanil degrading activity of Acinetobacter baumannii DT

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dau Thi Hong Ngoc ◽  
Ha Danh Duc ◽  
Nguyen Thi Dieu Thuy
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dissipation Rate ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Growth Rate ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Degradation Activity

Effects of various environmental conditions on propanil degrading activity of Acinetobacter baumannii DT were investigated. Results showed that both propanil degradation and bacterial growth rate were reduced when bacteria were cultured in extreme conditions, such as high acidic or alkaline levels or high salinity. Moreover, the propanil degradation activity of A. baumannii DT decreased in contaminated water. The propanil dissipation rate was higher in herbicides-contaminated soil (treated soil) than in herbicide-free soil. In soil inoculated with A. baumannii DT, propanil removal was enhanced. Even though the propanil degrading activity of A. baumannii DT were reduced under extremely stressful conditions, this bacterium retained a good potential to degrade propanil in real environmental conditions.  

Extremophiles and Their Application in Bioremediation

2022 ◽  
pp. 188-206
Author(s):  
Himanshu Pandey ◽  
Devendra Singh ◽  
Vinay Kumar Dhiman ◽  
Vivek Kumar Dhiman ◽  
Devendra Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Immense Potential

A microorganism dwelling in severe environmental conditions is termed an extremophile. These unfavorable environmental conditions include high salinity, toxin compounds, heavy metals, unfavorable temperature, and extremely acidic and alkaline pH. Microorganisms belonging to prokaryotes include true bacteria and archaea bacteria which prevail in harsh environments. In recent years, extremophilic, basically, archaea bacteria have been reported for their immense potential application in the bioremediation process. Bioremediation is a technique that utilizes microorganisms for the decomposition of organic and inorganic pollutants; anthropogenic activities are the basic cause of soil pollution, water pollution, and air pollution globally. Extremophiles are capable of producing enzymes that are thermolabile and can function normally even in extreme conditions. These enzymes and proteins can be utilized in the bioremediation process under extreme pH, heavy metal stress, and unfavorable temperature conditions. In this chapter, the role of extremophiles in bioremediation is discussed.

Part I. General Introduction

1965 ◽  
Vol 249 (759) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Generous Financial Support

Tristan da Cunha and the three neighbouring islands of Inaccessible, Nightingale and Gough support a unique flora and fauna, poor in numbers of species but rich in endemics. Many of the endemics occur throughout the archipelago while others, some of great peculiarity, such as the flightless birds, are confined to single islands. Knowledge of the environmental conditions which have prevailed during the evolution of such a biota is very much to be desired. It is in this respect that examination of the damage caused by the volcanic eruption which began on Tristan da Gunha during October 1961 is most important. There are over thirty secondary eruptive centres which form very fresh, prominent features of the topography of Tristan. It is highly probable that the biota has suffered from volcanic activity many times in ways similar to, if not more severe than, those which occurred during 1961 and 1962. Soon after the eruption started, the Royal Society began to organize an expedition to study the new volcano, to make a geological survey of the Tristan archipelago and to investigate the effects of the eruption on the vegetation and fauna. Details of the history of the Expedition and the geological results are given by Baker, Gass, Harris & Le Maitre (1964). The inclusion of a botanist (J. H. Dickson) and a zoologist (D. E. Baird) was made possible by the generous financial support given to the project by the Trustees of the World Wildlife Fund.

scholarly journals Creation And Implementation Of Silkworm Hybrids For Extreme Environmental Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (12) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Gulbahor Erimmatovna Abdrimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Yields

The article presents the possibilities of obtaining hybrids under unfavorable conditions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan using new hybrids and obtaining high yields of silkworm cocoons. The materials of the ecological point of view of the territories with the participation of sex-labeled rocks at the Grena stage are presented. And also the determination of the adaptability of the new Navruz-3, Navruz-4 hybrids and hybrids with the participation of parthenoclones of the agro-industrial complex x Labeled-1 hybrids to the extreme conditions of caterpillar growing.

scholarly journals Anatomo-morphological features of free-living and farmed pheasants

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 370-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Beeger ◽  
Mariusz Wójcik ◽  
Marian Flis ◽  
Marek Marecki ◽  
Robert Pyrkosz Roman Dziedzic
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Biometric Measurements

This study compared pheasant roosters living in a natural habitat (n = 10), where farm-bred birds had not been released for 7 years (hence the wild-living birds were assumed to have been determined exclusively by environmental conditions),. The other group (n = 10) comprised farmed pheasant roosters. In December 2010, the pheasants were hunted, and biometric measurements of some traits were performed. After dissection, the muscles, bones, organs, and gastrointestinal tract were weighed, and the length of the intestines was measured. It was shown that the farmed pheasants had a significantly higher body weight (1583 g and 1407 g), which was mainly related to the higher fat content (144 g and 30 g). The farmed roosters had shorter rectrices. The heart-to-body weight and liver-to-body weight ratios, i.e. 0.6 % and 1.9 % respectively, were the same in both groups. No differences were found between the groups in terms of the weight of the pectoral, limb, and wing muscles, but the farmed roosters had heavier leg and wing bones. The length of the intestines per 100 g body weight was 10.5 cm in the farmed roosters and 13.3 cm in the free-living birds. Statistical analysis of variance was performed, and the differences between the groups were verified with the Mann-Whitney test. The farmed pheasants were shown to differ only slightly from the free-living birds from the natural habitat; hence, they are suitable for reintroduction.

scholarly journals Phenology of Promestosoma boggianii (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) in a Neotropical floodplain

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorhaine Santos Silva ◽  
Tamaris Gimenez Pinheiro ◽  
Marinêz Isaac Marques ◽  
Leandro Dênis Battirola
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
High Water ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Seasonal Flood ◽  
Neotropical Floodplain ◽  
Hydrological Cycles

Studies that address biodiversity and its supporting mechanisms in different ecosystems are fundamental to understanding the relationships between species and the prevailing environmental conditions within each habitat type. This study presents information on the phenology of Promestosomaboggianii (Silvestri, 1898) and its association with seasonal flood and dry events in a floodplain of Mato Grosso’s northern Pantanal region, Brazil. Sampling was carried out in three areas located between the Bento Gomes and Cuiabá rivers, on the Porto Cercado Road, Poconé-MT. Each sample area was composed of two treatments: (I) floodable habitats and (NI) non-floodable habitats. Three quadrats (10 x 10 m) were established within each treatment, with sampling carried out using pitfall traps and mini-Winkler extractors during the dry season, rising water, high water and receding water phases for the duration of two hydrological cycles within the Pantanal (2010/2011 and 2011/2012). A total of 295 P.boggianii individuals were sampled at different stages of development (except stages I and II), distributed between the rising water (209 ind., 70.8%), dry (76 ind., 25.8%) and receding water (10 ind., 3.4%) seasons. No specimens were sampled during the high water season. The higher abundances recorded between the dry and rising water seasons, primarily at early stages of development, indicate that P.boggianii is characterized as a univoltine species in these habitats. The data demonstrate that individuals of P.boggianii were more abundant in floodable habitats. In addition, the results show that the life cycle of this diplopod is sinchronized to the seasonal nature of this floodable environment, as a strategy to survive the extreme conditions of terrestrial and aquatic phases Brazil’s northern Pantanal region.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document