scholarly journals Perspective: US Adult Magnesium Requirements Need Updating: Impacts of Rising Body Weights and Data-Derived Variance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Rosanoff
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Reference Body ◽  
Traditional Diets

ABSTRACT Adequate magnesium intakes are associated with lower diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk but are low in modern diets. Magnesium DRIs, estimated using standard reference body weights (SRBWs) lower than current mean US adult body weights (BWs), need revision. Magnesium DRIs assume variance at 10% CV, whereas balance study data suggests 20–30% CV. Here, estimated average requirements (EARs), the DRI measure estimating average magnesium requirements for healthy adults, were corrected using 2011–2014 mean US adult BWs. Magnesium EARs (in mg magnesium/d) increased 17% for men (330–350 to 386–409) and 25% for women (255–265 to 319–332). RDAs, the DRI measure meant to cover the magnesium needs of 98% of healthy adults, were calculated using BW-corrected EARs given 3 CV levels: 1) 10% (assumed in 1997 DRIs), 2) 20% (model-derived variance from USDA magnesium studies), and 3) 30% (using USDA plus older human magnesium balance data). BW-corrected magnesium RDAs (in mg magnesium/d) rose from 400–420 and 310–320 for men and women, respectively, to 1) 463–491 and 383–398 (16.5% and 23.5% increases), 2) 540–573 and 447–465 (35.5% and 44.5% increases), and 3) 617–654 and 511–531 (55% and 65.5% increases). These recalculations move magnesium intakes estimated to prevent disease into ranges found in traditional diets and to intake levels shown to lower hypertension, diabetes, and CVD risk. In conclusion, mean BW rises over the last ≥20 y and data-driven estimates of CV indicate that reliable US adult magnesium RDAs are ≥60–235 and 70–210 mg magnesium/d higher for men and women, respectively, than the current 1997 RDAs. US adult BMIs are <25 kg/m2 when calculated with SRBWs but >25 with actual mean BWs. Adjustments for rising BW are necessary for magnesium DRIs to remain useful tools for defining magnesium intake adequacy/deficiency.

scholarly journals Trends in cardiorespiratory fitness among apparently healthy adults from the Ball State Adult Fitness Longitudinal Lifestyle STudy (BALL ST) cohort from 1970–2019

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242995
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Harber ◽  
McKenzie Metz ◽  
James E. Peterman ◽  
Mitchell H. Whaley ◽  
Bradley S. Fleenor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Introduction Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD mortality. However, little is known in regards to how CRF has trended in apparently healthy adults over the past several decades. Purpose To analyze trends in CRF and CVD risk factors over the last 50 years in a population of apparently healthy adult men and women. Methods Participants were 4,214 apparently healthy adults (2,390 men and 1,824 women) from the Ball State Adult Fitness Longitudinal Lifestyle STudy (BALL ST) that performed maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing between 1970–2019 for the assessment of CRF defined as VO2max (ml/kg/min). Participants were self-referred either to a community-based exercise program, fitness testing, or were research subjects in exercise related studies and were placed into groups by decade based on testing date. Results CRF showed a general trend to decline (P<0.05) from the 1970s to the 2000s with an increase (P<0.05) from the 2000s to the 2010s for both men and women. This pattern persisted for age and sex-adjusted CRF level, determined by Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise: A National Data Base (FRIEND). For both women and men, CRF across the decades was associated (P<0.05) with the prevalence of physical inactivity, smoking, obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension, and with diabetes in men only. Conclusion CRF declined from 1970 through the 2000s in a cohort of apparently healthy men and women which was associated with worsening CVD risk profiles. However, the decline in CRF was attenuated over the past decade which may have a positive impact on future CVD in the population. Promoting physical activity to increase CRF should be a primary aspect of CVD prevention programs.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the association of sphingolipids with age in Dutch and South-Asian Surinamese living in Amsterdam, the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirthe Muilwijk ◽  
Nardie Callender ◽  
Susan Goorden ◽  
Frédéric M. Vaz ◽  
Irene G. M. van Valkengoed
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

Abstract Background Men have a higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) early in life, while women have a higher risk later in life. The sex-related differences in CVD risk, especially by age, could be related to sphingolipid metabolism. We compared plasma sphingolipid concentrations and its increase by age in men and women. Methods Plasma concentrations of 13 types of sphingolipids were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in a random subsample of 328 men and 372 women of Dutch and South-Asian Surinamese ethnic origin, participating in the HELIUS study. Sphingolipid concentrations were compared between men and women by age group (18–39, 40–55, and 56–70 years). Multiple linear regression was used to determine sex differences in age trends in sphingolipids stratified by ethnicity. Analyses were performed without adjustment and adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Results At age 18–39 years, sphingolipid concentrations were lower in women than those in men, but at age 56–70 years this was reversed. At higher age, women showed higher concentrations than men. In line, we observed a more rapid increase of sphingolipid concentrations by age in women than in men. The observed sex differences were not explained by BMI or waist circumference. Patterns of sex differences were similar across ethnic groups, although the strength of associations differed. Conclusions Mean sphingolipid concentrations increase more rapidly with age in women than in men. Therefore, plasma lipid concentrations of sphingolipids, although lower in women than in men at younger age, are higher in women than in men at older age.

scholarly journals Dietary polyphenol intake, risk of hypertension and age status in adult Russian/Siberian population

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Berezovikova ◽  
D Denisova ◽  
T Batluk ◽  
L Shcherbakova ◽  
S Malyutina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Siberian Population ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Low Consumption

Abstract Background Consumption of polyphenolic compounds from various food sources is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular risk factors. The region of residence, the food habits of the population, and age have a significant impact on consumption. Methods Participants: the Siberian urban population (Novosibirsk, HAPIEE study, 9324 (4,249 men and 5,075 women) aged 45-69. Dietary data collected using a 141-item food frequency questionnaire. Data on the polyphenols were taken from the Phenol-Explorer database (3.6). Total polyphenols (TPH) were considered as a sum of all individual classes: flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, lignans and other polyphenols and their food sources. The consumption of polyphenolic compounds in the age groups of 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64 and more than 65 years was analyzed. To assess the relationship between CVD risk factors and the consumption of TPH, the odds ratio was calculated in quartiles of TPH consumption (OR). Results The consumption of TPH in men was 1273 (647) and 1203 (626) mg/day in women (P &lt; 0,05). The main class for both men and women were flavonoids, as well as phenolic acids. For men, respectively, 68 and 21% of the total consumption of TPH, for women 70 and 20%. Chances of developing hypertension in quartiles of high and low consumption of TPH showed a risk reduction in whole population by 58%, in quartiles of high and low consumption of total flavonoids - by 56% and phenolic acids - by 21%. The main sources of TPH were tea, coffee, fruits, vegetables and rye bread. With increasing age, both men and women experience a decrease in TPH consumption by 9.5 and 11%, respectively, of flavonoids - by 10.6 and 15%. This is due to a decrease in fruit consumption with increasing age. Conclusions The consumption of polyphenol compounds in the Siberian urban population associated with reduction of hypertension and determined by age. The study was carried out in the framework of budget theme No. AAAA-A17-117112850280-2. Key messages Consumption of polyphenolic compounds in the Siberian population is associated with a reduced risk of hypertension. In recommendations for the prevention of hypertension in the older age group, it is necessary to consider the increase in the consumption of fruits and berries from local sources.

scholarly journals COMBINING DATA-DRIVEN AND NUMERICAL MODELLING APPROACHES TO STORM EROSION PREDICTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Joshua Simmons ◽  
Kristen Splinter
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Erosion Prediction ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Erosion Models ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual

Physics-based numerical models play an important role in the estimation of storm erosion, particularly at beaches for which there is little historical data. However, the increasing availability of pre-and post-storm data for multiple events and at a number of beaches around the world has opened the possibility of using data-driven approaches for erosion prediction. Both physics-based and purely data-driven approaches have inherent strengths and weaknesses in their ability to predict storm-induced erosion. It is vital that coastal managers and modelers are aware of these trade-offs as well as methods to maximise the value from each modelling approach in an increasingly data-rich environment. In this study, data from approximately 40 years of coastal monitoring at Narrabeen-Collaroy Beach (SE Australia)has been used to evaluate the individual performance of the numerical erosion models SBEACH and XBeach, and a data-driven modelling technique. The models are then combined using a simple weighting technique to provide a hybrid estimate of erosion.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/v53dZiO8Y60

scholarly journals ET-1 as a Sex-Specific Mechanism Impacting Age-Related Changes in Vascular Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew V. Kuczmarski ◽  
Laura M. Welti ◽  
Kerrie L. Moreau ◽  
Megan M. Wenner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Vascular Aging ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Related

Aging is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of death in developed countries. Globally, the population of adults over the age of 60 is expected to double by the year 2050. CVD prevalence and mortality rates differ between men and women as they age in part due to sex-specific mechanisms impacting the biological processes of aging. Measures of vascular function offer key insights into cardiovascular health. Changes in vascular function precede changes in CVD prevalence rates in men and women and with aging. A key mechanism underlying these changes in vascular function is the endothelin (ET) system. Studies have demonstrated sex and sex hormone effects on endothelin-1 (ET-1), and its receptors ETA and ETB. However, with aging there is a dysregulation of this system resulting in an imbalance between vasodilation and vasoconstriction. Thus, ET-1 may play a role in the sex differences observed with vascular aging. While most research has been conducted in pre-clinical animal models, we describe more recent translational data in humans showing that the ET system is an important regulator of vascular dysfunction with aging and acts through sex-specific ET receptor mechanisms. In this review, we present translational evidence (cell, tissue, animal, and human) that the ET system is a key mechanism regulating sex-specific changes in vascular function with aging, along with therapeutic interventions to reduce ET-mediated vascular dysfunction associated with aging. More knowledge on the factors responsible for the sex differences with vascular aging allow for optimized therapeutic strategies to attenuate CVD risk in the expanding aging population.

scholarly journals Do Women Get Fewer Votes? No.

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semra Sevi ◽  
Vincent Arel-Bundock ◽  
André Blais
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Women Candidates ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
The Difference

AbstractWe study data on the gender of more than 21,000 unique candidates in all Canadian federal elections since 1921, when the first women ran for seats in Parliament. This large data set allows us to compute precise estimates of the difference in the electoral fortunes of men and women candidates. When accounting for party effects and time trends, we find that the difference between the vote shares of men and women is substantively negligible (±0.5 percentage point). This gender gap was larger in the 1920s (±2.5 percentage points), but it is now statistically indistinguishable from zero. Our results have important normative implications: political parties should recruit and promote more women candidates because they remain underrepresented in Canadian politics and because they do not suffer from a substantial electoral penalty.

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Hypertensive patients: A Perspective Observative Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 4420-4424
Author(s):  
T. Praveen Kumar ◽  
Prashanthi P. ◽  
Shaik Sabiya ◽  
M. Chinna Eswaraiah
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Age Progression ◽  
Gender Groups

Congestive heart disease (CHD) is considered to be the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in both gender groups in developed and developing countries. Hypertension is one of the main mortality risks and is attributed to over 45% of all deaths from CHD. The main objective of our work was to evaluate cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients attending a tertiary care hospital in the Khammam region. The study was a prospective observational study conducted over an 8-month period from June 2019 to January 2020. 192 subjects were selected based on the inclusion criteria. CVD risk was assessed using Q Risk 3 software and the results were presented as CVD risk and relative risk. The same number of men and women (96) was selected in the study to evaluate the influence of gender on CVD risk. Other risk factors such as BMI, marital status, literacy rate, occupation, physical activity and lifestyle were assessed to determine CVD risk. Abnormal HTN values were found in 66 men and 63 women. Age progression was found to be an important factor in CVD risk in both men and women. Social status and literacy rates in patients over 50 have also been found to cause CVD risk. Our study showed that physical inactivity, eating habits, obesity, smoking, alcohol and hypertension had a direct effect on cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Sex/Gender-Specific Imbalance in CVD: Could Physical Activity Help to Improve Clinical Outcome Targeting CVD Molecular Mechanisms in Women?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1477
Author(s):  
Mauro Vaccarezza ◽  
Veronica Papa ◽  
Daniela Milani ◽  
Arianna Gonelli ◽  
Paola Secchiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Gender Specific

In the last two decades, new insights have been gained regarding sex/gender-related differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD represents the leading cause of death worldwide in both men and women, accounting for at least one-third of all deaths in women and half of deaths in women over 50 years in developing countries. Important sex-related differences in prevalence, presentation, management, and outcomes of different CVDs have been recently discovered, demonstrating sex/gender-specific pathophysiologic features in the presentation and prognosis of CVD in men and women. A large amount of evidence has highlighted the role of sex hormones in protecting women from CVDs, providing an advantage over men that is lost when women reach the menopause stage. This hormonal-dependent shift of sex-related CVD risk consequently affects the overall CVD epidemiology, particularly in light of the increasing trend of population aging. The benefits of physical activity have been recognized for a long time as a powerful preventive approach for both CVD prevention and aging-related morbidity control. Exercise training is indeed a potent physiological stimulus, which reduces primary and secondary cardiovascular events. However, the underlying mechanisms of these positive effects, including from a sex/gender perspective, still need to be fully elucidated. The aim of this work is to provide a review of the evidence linking sex/gender-related differences in CVD, including sex/gender-specific molecular mediators, to explore whether sex- and gender-tailored physical activity may be used as an effective tool to prevent CVD and improve clinical outcomes in women.

Reference intervals for thyreotropin and thyroid hormones for healthy adults based on the NOBIDA material and determined using a Modular E170®

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Friis-Hansen ◽  
Linda Hilsted
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Thyroglobulin Antibodies ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Upper Limit

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to establish Nordic reference intervals for thyreotropin (TSH) and the thyroid hormones in heparinized plasma.: We used 489 heparinized blood samples, collected in the morning, from the Nordic NOBIDA reference material, from healthy adults without medication. TSH, thyroxine, free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, free triiodothyronine, and thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-ab) were measured using assays for Roche Modular E170: The measured concentrations for the thyroid hormones, but not TSH, followed a Gaussian distribution. There were more TPO-ab and Tg-ab positive women than men. After exclusion of the TPO-ab and the Tg-ab positive individuals, the reference interval TSH was 0.64 (0.61–0.72) to 4.7 (4.4–5.0) mIU/L. The exclusion of these ab-positive samples also minimized the differences in TSH concentrations between the sexes and the different Nordic countries. For the thyroid hormones, there were only minor differences between the reference intervals between the Nordic populations and between men and women. These reference intervals were unaffected by removal of the TPO-ab and TG-ab positive samples.: The upper limit of the TSH reference interval in our study is high compared to some other recent reports. This could be due to blood sampling in the morning. Furthermore, the Roche platform gives slightly higher results than other platforms. The number and distribution of the samples in the NOBIDA material makes it suitable for the determination of hormone Nordic reference intervals.Clin Chem Lab Med 2008;46:1305–12.

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