Pre-Pubertal Internalizing Symptoms and Timing of Puberty Onset in Girls

Abstract Stressful environments have been associated with earlier menarche. We hypothesized that anxiety, and possibly other internalizing symptoms, are also associated with earlier puberty in girls. The LEGACY Girls Study (2011-2016) includes 1040 girls aged 6 to 13 years at recruitment with growth and development assessed every 6 months. Pre-pubertal maternal reports of daughter’s internalizing symptoms were available for breast onset (N=447), pubic hair onset (N=456), and menarche (N=681). Using Cox Proportional Hazard Regression, we estimated prospective hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the relationship between one standard deviation of the percentiles of pre-pubertal anxiety, depression, and somatization symptoms and the timing of each pubertal outcome. Multivariable models included age, race/ethnicity, study center, maternal education, body mass index percentile, and breast cancer family history. Additional models included maternal self-reported anxiety. One standard deviation increase of maternally-reported anxiety in girls at baseline was associated with earlier subsequent onset of breast (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.09-1.36) and pubic hair (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01-1.30) development, but not menarche (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.83-1.07). The association of anxiety with earlier breast development persisted after adjustment for maternal anxiety. Increased anxiety in young girls may indicate risk for earlier pubertal onset.

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Factors Associated With Weight Gain in People Treated With Dolutegravir

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa195 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lucia Taramasso ◽

Paolo Bonfanti ◽

Elena Ricci ◽

Giancarlo Orofino ◽

Nicola Squillace ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Female Gender ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Cd4 Counts ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Tenofovir Alafenamide ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Abstract Background An unexpected excess in weight gain has recently been reported in the course of dolutegravir (DTG) treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether weight gain differs among different DTG-containing regimens. Methods Adult naïve and experienced people with HIV (PWH) initiating DTG-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) between July 2014 and December 2019 in the Surveillance Cohort Long-Term Toxicity Antiretrovirals (SCOLTA) prospective cohort were included. We used an adjusted general linear model to compare weight change among backbone groups and a Cox proportional hazard regression model to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for weight increases >10% from baseline. Results A total of 713 participants, 25.3% women and 91% Caucasian, were included. Of these, 195 (27.4%) started DTG as their first ART regimen, whereas 518 (72.6%) were ART-experienced. DTG was associated with abacavir/lamivudine in 326 participants, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) in 148, boosted protease inhibitors in 60, rilpivirine in 45, lamivudine in 75, and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)/FTC in 59. At 6 and 12 months, weight gain was highest among PWH on TDF/FTC+DTG and TAF/FTC+DTG. Baseline CD4 <200 cells/mm3 (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.96), being ART-naïve (HR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.24 to 4.18), and treatment with TDF/FTC+DTG (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.98) or TAF/FTC+DTG (HR, 3.80; 95% CI, 1.75 to 8.23) were associated with weight gain >10% from baseline. Higher weight (HR, 0.97 by 1 kg; 95% CI, 0.96 to 0.99) and female gender (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.88) were protective against weight gain. Conclusions Naïve PWH with lower CD4 counts and those on TAF/FTC or TDF/FTC backbones were at higher risk of weight increase in the course of DTG-based ART.

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Dietary Vitamin B6 Intake Associated with a Decreased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11071484 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1484 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jimin Jeon ◽

Kyong Park

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Vitamin B6 ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Although the biological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of vitamin B6 on cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been reported on, epidemiological studies have yielded controversial results, and data on the Korean population are limited. This study examined the association between dietary vitamin B6 intake and CVD incidence in Koreans. A total of 9142 participants of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, aged 40–69 years, who did not have CVD or cancer at the baseline were included in the analysis. Dietary data were assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. CVD incidence was assessed using biennial questionnaires and confirmed through repeated personal interviews. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. After multivariate adjustment, a higher vitamin B6 intake was significantly associated with a decreased CVD risk in men (HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.25–0.78); no such association was observed in women. Dose-response analysis confirmed the presence of inverse linearity between vitamin B6 intake and CVD incidence in men (p for nonlinearity = 0.3). A higher dietary intake level of vitamin B6 was associated with a reduced CVD risk in Korean men. These observations require further verification in other populations.

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Effect of air pollution on gout development: a nationwide population-based observational study

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcaa286 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

W -S Hu ◽

C -L Lin

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Population Based ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Yearly Average ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽

Particulate Matter 2.5 ◽

Total Hydrocarbons

Summary Objective To investigate the effect of air pollution on gout development. Methods A total of 170318 participants were enrolled. These pollutants were considered: carbon monoxide (CO), fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), total hydrocarbons (THC) and methane (CH4). The yearly average concentrations were calculated from 2000 to 2011. Univariate and multivariate analyses by Cox proportional hazard regression models were adopted to estimate hazard ratios for gout in the Q2–Q4 concentrations of air pollutants compared with the Q1 concentration. Results In THC, relative to the Q1 concentration, the risk of gout was higher in participants exposed to the Q2–Q4 concentrations [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.10 with 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.19 in the Q2 concentration of THC; aHR, 4.20 with 95% CI, 3.93–4.49 in the Q3 concentration of THC; aHR, 5.65 with 95% CI, 5.29–6.04 in the Q4 concentration of THC]. In regard to CH4, when the Q1 concentration was defined as the reference, the risks of gout were increased for participants exposed to the Q2, Q3 and Q4 concentrations (aHR, 1.16 with 95% CI, 1.06–1.26 in the Q2 concentration of CH4; aHR, 2.37 with 95% CI, 2.20–2.55 in the Q3 concentration of CH4; aHR, 8.73 with 95% CI, 8.16–9.34 in the Q4 concentration of CH4). Conclusions Association between air pollution and risk of gout was noted.

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The Impact of Long Working Hours on Cognitive Function: A Follow-Up Study with Gender Stratification

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-201404 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 727-734

Author(s):

Seunghyun Lee ◽

Joon Yul Choi ◽

Wanhyung Lee

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Working Hours ◽

Gender Stratification ◽

Long Working Hours ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Background: Recent studies have shown that long working hours can have adverse consequences on health and possibly trigger biological processes that mediate the relationship between long working hours and cognitive decline. Objective: To investigate whether long working hours and the overall duration such exposure is associated with a decline in cognitive function. Methods: Data obtained during the Korean Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 2,518) during the period 2006–2018 were used to explore the relationship between long working hours and cognitive decline. Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) scores were used to evaluate cognitive function. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), which were used to evaluate declines in K-MMSE scores over the 12-year study period. Results: Overall HR (95% CI) for a decline in cognitive function in long working hours group was 1.13 (0.73–1.17). When categorized by sex, women with long working hours had an HR (95% CI) of 1.50 (1.05–2.22), K-MMSE scores decreased significantly after working long hours for 5 years (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The study furthers understanding of the effects of long working hours on cognitive decline among female workers. Further research is required to determine the effects of long working hours on cognitive functions.

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Oncotype DX recurrence score implications for disparities in chemotherapy and breast cancer mortality in Georgia

npj Breast Cancer ◽

10.1038/s41523-019-0129-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lindsay J. Collin ◽

Ming Yan ◽

Renjian Jiang ◽

Kevin C. Ward ◽

Brittany Crawford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Racial Disparities ◽

Breast Cancer Mortality ◽

Recurrence Score ◽

Oncotype Dx ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽

To Receive

Abstract Among women diagnosed with stage I–IIIa, node-negative, hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer (BC), Oncotype DX recurrence scores (ODX RS) inform chemotherapy treatment decisions. Differences in recurrence scores or testing may contribute to racial disparities in BC mortality among women with HR+ tumors. We identified 12,081 non-Hispanic White (NHW) and non-Hispanic Black (NHB) BC patients in Georgia (2010–2014), eligible to receive an ODX RS. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of chemotherapy receipt by race and ODX RS. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) comparing BC mortality rates by race and recurrence score. Receipt of Oncotype testing was consistent between NHB and NHW women. Receipt of chemotherapy was generally comparable within strata of ODX RS—although NHB women with low scores were slightly more likely to receive chemotherapy (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.77, 1.75), and NHB women with high scores less likely to receive chemotherapy (OR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.48, 1.24), than NHW counterparts. NHB women with a low recurrence score had the largest hazard of BC mortality (HR = 2.47 95% CI 1.22, 4.99) compared to NHW women. Our data suggest that additional tumor heterogeneity, or other downstream treatment factors, not captured by ODX, may be drivers of racial disparities in HR+ BC.

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Metformin use and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in a Swedish population-based cohort study

British Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1038/s41416-019-0598-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 121 (10) ◽

pp. 877-882 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jiaojiao Zheng ◽

Shao-Hua Xie ◽

Giola Santoni ◽

Jesper Lagergren

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Gastric Adenocarcinoma ◽

Population Based ◽

Matched Cohort ◽

Swedish Population ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽

Treatment Use

Abstract Background Whether or not the use of metformin decreases the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma is unclear. Methods This was a population-based cohort study in 2005–2015. Associations between metformin use and gastric non-cardia and cardia adenocarcinomas were examined within two cohorts; a diabetes cohort of participants using anti-diabetes medications, and a matched cohort of common-medication users, where metformin non-users were frequency matched (10:1) with metformin users for sex and age. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses provided hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for sex, age, calendar year, comorbidity, Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or aspirin and use of statins. Results During the follow-up for a median of 5.8 years, 892 (0.1%) participants in the diabetes cohort and 6395 (0.1%) participants in the matched cohort of common-medication users developed gastric adenocarcinoma. Metformin users had no significantly decreased risk of gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma (diabetes cohort: HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.78–1.12; matched cohort: HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.18–1.42) or cardia adenocarcinoma (diabetes cohort: HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.09–2.02; matched cohort: HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.38–1.81) compared with non-users in both cohorts. Conclusions This cohort study with <10 years of follow-up suggests metformin use may not prevent gastric adenocarcinoma.

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Interface of Multiple Sclerosis, Depression, Vascular Disease, and Mortality

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000012610 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 97 (13) ◽

pp. e1322-e1333 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raffaele Palladino ◽

Jeremy Chataway ◽

Azeem Majeed ◽

Ruth Ann Marrie

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Vascular Disease ◽

Population Based ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Depression Status ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Background and ObjectivesTo assess whether the association among depression, vascular disease, and mortality differs in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with age-, sex-, and general practice–matched controls.MethodsWe conducted a population-based retrospective matched cohort study between January 1, 1987, and September 30, 2018, that included people with MS and matched controls without MS from England, stratified by depression status. We used time-varying Cox proportional hazard regression models to test the association among MS, depression, and time to incident vascular disease and mortality. Analyses were also stratified by sex.ResultsWe identified 12,251 people with MS and 72,572 matched controls. At baseline, 21% of people with MS and 9% of controls had depression. Compared with matched controls without depression, people with MS had an increased risk of incident vascular disease regardless of whether they had comorbid depression. The 10-year hazard of all-cause mortality was 1.75-fold greater in controls with depression (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59–1.91), 3.88-fold greater in people with MS without depression (95% CI 3.66–4.10), and 5.43-fold greater in people with MS and depression (95% CI 4.88–5.96). Overall, the interaction between MS status and depression was synergistic, with 14% of the observed effect attributable to the interaction. Sex-stratified analyses confirmed differences in hazard ratios.DiscussionDepression is associated with increased risks of incident vascular disease and mortality in people with MS, and the effects of depression and MS on all-cause mortality are synergistic. Further studies should evaluate whether effectively treating depression is associated with a reduced risk of vascular disease and mortality.

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Plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) based clinical outcomes in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.6_suppl.160 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (6_suppl) ◽

pp. 160-160

Author(s):

Manish Kohli ◽

Winston Tan ◽

Tiantian Zheng ◽

Amy Wang ◽

Yelia Huo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Circulating Tumor Dna ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Significant Prognostic Factor ◽

Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽

Castration Resistant ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽

A Prospective Study

160 Background: mCRPC is a heterogeneous disease state with variable survival and molecular markers that define survival continue to be determined. We applied a 120 gene panel based targeted next-gen sequencing (NGS) approach to probe plasma ctDNA based outcomes for survival. Methods: mCRPC chemo-naive patients (pts) were enrolled in a prospective study and plasma cell free DNA (cfDNA) extracted. ctDNA fractions estimated based on somatic variants. NGS of plasma cfDNA was performed using HiSeq X Ten on a panel of 120 genes (PredicineLDT). Clinical and molecular prognostic factors were determined for overall survival (OS). Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) at the univariate level and only significant associations included in multivariate analysis (significance at P<0.05). Results: 96 mCRPC pts were enrolled. 17/96 pts failed NGS QC. Median cfDNA, ctDNA yields for 79/96 pts are provided in Table. Median follow up for study cohort was 92.5 months (mon) (Range:62.3-109.6); median survival time was 25.9 mon (95% CI:19.9, 31.4) and 72/79 pts had died. TMPRSS2-ERG fusion was detected in 18/79 pts. Significant alterations associated with OS are listed in Table. 49/59 pts underwent subsequent docetaxel chemo. In chemo treated pts significant copy number alterations predictive of survival included AR amplification (p=0.01, HR=2.0, 95% CI[1.2, 3.5], RB1 loss (p=3.20E-06, HR=5.0, 95% CI[2.4, 10.6], PTEN(p=0.009, HR=2.6, 95% CI[1.2, 5.4]), CDH1(p=0.001, HR=4.3, 95% CI[1.6, 11.4]). Conclusions: ctDNA yield in mCRPC state was the most significant prognostic factor for survival, Several specific plasma genomic perturbations were observed topredict docetaxel efficacy and need further evaluation.[Table: see text]

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Visit-to-visit variability of glycated albumin was associated with incidence or progression of lower extremity atherosclerotic disease

Cardiovascular Diabetology ◽

10.1186/s12933-020-01187-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yun Shen ◽

Dongjun Dai ◽

Jingyi Lu ◽

Yufei Wang ◽

Wei Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Glycated Albumin ◽

Atherosclerotic Disease ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Unit Increase ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the association of visit-to-visit variability of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and glycated albumin (GA) with the risk of lower extremity atherosclerotic disease (LEAD). Method We performed a prospective cohort study of 436 patients with type 2 diabetes (258 men and 178 women) with at least 3 measurements of HbA1c and GA prior to baseline investigation from the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital. Different HbA1c and GA variability markers were calculated. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to demonstrate the association between visit-to-visit HbA1c and GA variability and the risk of incident or progressive LEAD. Results During a mean follow-up period of 3.77 years, 112 participants developed LEAD. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of LEAD across tertiles of GA-CV values were 1.00, 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65–1.75), and 1.71 (95% CI 1.07–2.73) (P for trend = 0.042), respectively. When we used GA-VIM and GA-ARV values as exposures, similar positive associations with the risk of LEAD primary were found. Multivariate-adjusted HRs of LEAD for each 1 unit increase in GA-CV, GA-VIM and GA-ARV were 1.03 (95% CI 1.01–1.06), 1.32 (95% CI 1.03–1.69), and 1.07 (95%CI 1.01–1.15), respectively. However, there was no significant association between visit-to-visit variability of HbA1c and the risk of LEAD. Conclusions Visit-to-visit variability of GA may be an optimal biomarker in relation to LEAD risk among patients with type 2 diabetes.

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Effects of the MAML2 genetic variants in glioma susceptibility and prognosis

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20192091 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Ming Zhang ◽

Yonglin Zhao ◽

Junjie Zhao ◽

Tingqin Huang ◽

Xiaoye Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Progression Free Survival ◽

Low Grade ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Chinese Han ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Glioma Risk ◽

And Gender ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Abstract Background: Abnormal expression of the mastermind-like transcriptional co-activator 2 (MAML2) gene is oncogenic in several human cancers, including glioma. However, the relevance of MAML2 variants with glioma remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the role of MAML2 polymorphisms in glioma risk and prognosis among the Chinese Han population. Methods: Seven MAML2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using Agena MassARRAY system among 575 patients with glioma and 500 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between MAML2 polymorphisms and glioma risk by calculating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and univariate, multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses for hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were performed to evaluate the contribution of MAML2 polymorphisms to glioma prognosis. Results:MAML2 rs7938889 and rs485842 polymorphisms were associated with the reduced risk of glioma (OR = 0.69, P=0.023; and OR = 0.81, P=0.032, respectively). Rs7115578 polymorphism had a lower susceptibility to glioma in males (OR = 0.68, P=0.034), while rs4598633 variant with a higher risk in females (OR = 1.66, P=0.016). Additionally, rs7115578 AG genotype represented a poorer prognosis of glioma (HR = 1.24, P=0.033) and astrocytoma (log-rank P=0.037, HR = 1.31, P=0.036). Furthermore, rs11021499 polymorphism had lower overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with low-grade glioma. Conclusion: We provided some novel data suggesting MAML2 polymorphisms might contribute to glioma risk and prognosis. Future studies are warranted to validate these findings and characterize mechanisms underlying these associations.

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