scholarly journals Antiadipogenic Effects of açai Polyphenols on High Fat Diet-fed Mice and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: A Potential Mechanism of Action (OR34-04-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Trindade ◽  
Elaine Soares ◽  
Elisa Monteiro ◽  
Nathalia Moura-Nunes ◽  
Danielly Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Potential Strategy

Abstract Objectives Body adiposity is an important risk factor for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of açai seed extract (ASE) on adipogenesis. Methods We investigated the effects of ASE in a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We also evaluated the effects of ASE as a pre-treatment and treatment on 3T3-L1 adipocytes cell proliferation, cell differentiation and expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism, such as PPARɣ, SREBP-1 and FAS, using westernbloting. Results In our work high-fat diet–fed mice treated with ASE (HFD-ASE) showed a lower adipose index (−32.63%, p < 0.001) than the high-fat diet–fed mice group (HFD) and the adipocytes from the HFD group were considerably enlarged (p < 0.001) compared to those in the control group (CG) and HFD-ASE group (+175% and +123%, respectively). We also evaluated the effects of ASE on the modulation of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. ASE exposure led to a decrease of 26.6 (P < 0.05) in proliferation and also inhibited preadipocyte differentiation through the decreasing expression (P < 0.05) of transcription factors and adipogenic proteins such as PPARɣ, SREBP-1 and FAS. Conclusions These results show that the ASE reduce adipogenesis and suppress lipid accumulation in in vivo model and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and reinforce the potential ASE as a potential strategy to modulate adipogenesis. Funding Sources The financial support of Brazilian funding agencies: FAPERJ, E-26/202.829/2015 and E-26/010.002632/2014; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, 472711/2013-0; and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pesssoal de Nível Superior-Brazil (CAPES) – Finance code 001. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals EXPLORATION OF IN VIVO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF 50% ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SESAMUM INDICUM L. SEED AGAINST HIGH FAT DIET INDUCED RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
ZAFAR JAVED KHAN ◽  
NAEEM AHMAD KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Lipid Peroxidase

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vivo antioxidant potential of 50% ethanolic extract of Sesamum indicum against high-fat diet-induced rats. Methods: Animals were treated with plant extract for 30 d, and a high-fat diet was given to all groups except plain control, throughout, out the study. And alpha-tocopherol acetate (Vit, E) was used as standard. Pre-treatment with 16 mg/100 gm of body weight of 50% ethanolic extract of Sesamum indicum improved the Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and lipid peroxidation levels significantly as compared to control group. Results: The present studies revealed that Sesamum indicum has significant in vivo antioxidant activity and can be used to protect tissue from oxidative stress. The result showed that the activities of SOD, catalase, lipid peroxidase, and glutathione, in the group treated with high-fat diet declined significantly than that of normal group. Conclusion: 50% ethanolic extract of in the dose of Sesamum indicum 16 mg/100 gm of body weight, has improved the SOD, catalase, glutathione, and lipid peroxidase levels significantly, which were comparable with high-fat-diet-induced rats. Based on this study we conclude that the 50% ethanolic extract of Sesamum indicum possesses in vivo antioxidant activity and can be employed in protecting tissue from oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effect of Extract from Nelumbo Nucifera L., Morus Alba L., and Raphanus Sativus Mixture in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and C57BL/6J Obese Mice

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Sup Sim ◽  
Sun-Il Choi ◽  
Bong-Yeon Cho ◽  
Seung-Hyun Choi ◽  
Xionggao Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat

The antioxidant and anti-adipogenic activities of a mixture of Nelumbo nucifera L., Morus alba L., and Raphanus sativus were investigated and their anti-obesity activities were established in vitro and in vivo. Among the 26 different mixtures of extraction solvent and mixture ratios, ethanol extract mixture no. 1 (EM01) showed the highest antioxidant (α,α-Diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl, total phenolic contents) and anti-adipogenic (Oil-Red O staining) activities. EM01 inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared to quercetin-3-O-glucuronide. Furthermore, body, liver, and adipose tissue weights decreased in the high-fat diet (HFD)-EM01 group compared to in the high-fat diet control group (HFD-CTL). EM01 lowered blood glucose levels elevated by the HFD. Lipid profiles were improved following EM01 treatment. Serum adiponectin significantly increased, while leptin, insulin growth factor-1, non-esterified fatty acid, and glucose significantly decreased in the HFD-EM01 group. Adipogenesis and lipogenesis-related genes were suppressed, while fat oxidation-related genes increased following EM01 administration. Thus, EM01 may be a natural anti-obesity agent.

scholarly journals Genistein Inhibits Protein Glycation in Healthy and Pre-Obese Mice Treated With High-Fat Diet via Trapping and Activating the Detoxification Pathways of Methylglyoxal

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 387-387
Author(s):  
Yantao Zhao ◽  
Yantao Zhao ◽  
Pei Wang ◽  
Shengming Sang
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Protein Glycation ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Detoxification Systems ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Objectives High levels of methylglyoxal (MGO) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetes and other chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms that dietary genistein inhibits the accumulations of MGO and AGEs in healthy and pre-obese mice treated with high-fat diet. Methods In Study 1, male C57BL/6J mice (6-wk old, n = 15) were fed a low-fat (LF) diet (10% fat energy) or a very-high-fat diet (VHF, 60% fat energy) alone or including 0.25% genistein (VHF-G) for 16 weeks. In study 2, the mice were fed the LF diet (LF) or HF diet alone (HF, 45% fat energy) or in combination with up to 0.2% MGO in water (HFM), and 0.067% (HFM-GL) or 0.2% (HFM-GH) dietary genistein for 18 weeks. In study 3, the mice were induced with obesity after being fed HF diet (45% fat energy) for 9 weeks before being administrated with genistein at two doses of 0.1% (G 0.1) and 0.2% (G 0.2) in the HF diet for additional 19 weeks. The concentrations of MGO and AGEs in mouse samples and other metabolic data of the mice were measured. Moreover, the potential mechanisms of genistein on lowering MGO and AGEs were investigated. Results The plasma MGO concentration in VHF-G mice was 52% lower than that in VHF mice. Also, the AGE levels in plasma, liver, and kidney of VHF-G mice were 73%, 52%, and 49% lower than in the VHF group (Study 1). Similarly, the concentrations of plasma MGO and AGEs in plasma, liver, and kidney of HFM-GH mice were 33.5%, 49%, 69%, and 54% lower than in HFM mice (Study 2). Moreover, dietary genistein at 0.2% (G 0.2) significantly decreased the MGO levels in plasma and liver by 43.9% and 30.4% compared with HF mice and decreased the AGE level in the kidney by 48.3% in pre-obese mice (Study 3). Mechanistically, genistein lowered MGO concentrations and inhibited AGE formation through direct trapping both endogenous and exogenous MGO to form the MGO adducts and activating the MGO detoxification systems of glyoxalase and aldose reductase (AR) to lower MGO levels indirectly in vivo. Conclusions The present studies provide novel insights into the anti-obesity and anti-glycation roles of dietary genistein in mice. However, whether genistein could exert similar beneficial effects in humans needs to be further investigated. Funding Sources USDA/NIFA.

scholarly journals Endothelial NOX5 Expression Modulates Thermogenesis and Lipolysis in Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes through an Interleukin-6 Dependent Mechanism

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Jorge G. García ◽  
Carlos de Miguel ◽  
Fermín I. Milagro ◽  
Guillermo Zalba ◽  
Eduardo Ansorena
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Conditioned Media ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Previously Treated

Obesity is a global health issue associated with the development of metabolic syndrome, which correlates with insulin resistance, altered lipid homeostasis, and other pathologies. One of the mechanisms involved in the development of these pathologies is the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). One of the main producers of ROS is the family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, among which NOX5 is the most recently discovered member. The aim of the present work is to describe the effect of endothelial NOX5 expression on neighboring adipose tissue in obesity conditions by using two systems. An in vivo model based on NOX5 conditional knock-in mice fed with a high-fat diet and an in vitro model developed with 3T3-L1 adipocytes cultured with conditioned media of endothelial NOX5-expressing bEnd.3 cells, previously treated with glucose and palmitic acid. Endothelial NOX5 expression promoted the expression and activation of specific markers of thermogenesis and lipolysis in the mesenteric and epididymal fat of those mice fed with a high-fat diet. Additionally, the activation of these processes was derived from an increase in IL-6 production as a result of NOX5 activity. Accordingly, 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with conditioned media of endothelial NOX5-expressing cells, presented higher expression of thermogenic and lipolytic genes. Moreover, endothelial NOX5-expressing bEnd.3 cells previously treated with glucose and palmitic acid also showed interleukin (IL-6) production. Finally, it seems that the increase in IL-6 stimulated the activation of markers of thermogenesis and lipolysis through phosphorylation of STAT3 and AMPK, respectively. In conclusion, in response to obesogenic conditions, endothelial NOX5 activity could promote thermogenesis and lipolysis in the adipose tissue by regulating IL-6 production.

scholarly journals Raspberry Polyphenol Extract Decreases NF-kB and IL-6 Expression in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 422-422
Author(s):  
Lena Lear ◽  
Rami Najjar ◽  
Rafaela Feresin ◽  
Jessica Danh
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Therapy ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Lps Treatment

Abstract Objectives To investigate whether raspberry polyphenol extract attenuates the inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods Raspberry polyphenol extract was prepared using methanolic extraction, followed by solvent evaporation and freeze-drying. RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg/ml of raspberry polyphenol extract in six-well plates. After 2 h, cells were then treated with 100 ng/ml of LPS for 6 h. Cells were collected for protein expression analysis of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and inflammatory cytokines, i.e., interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, via western blot. Results were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test. Results As expected, LPS significantly increased NF-kB compared to control (P &lt; 0.0001). Pre-treatment with 400 μg/ml raspberry polyphenol extract significantly decreased phosphorylation of NF-kB in LPS stimulated cells (0.71 ± 0.03 vs. 1.00 ± 0.00-fold, P = 0.005) compared to LPS alone. LPS treatment significantly increased the expression of IL-6 compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.0001). IL-6 expression was significantly reduced in LPS stimulated macrophages by pre-treatment with 200 and 400 µg/ml of raspberry polyphenol extract (0.49 ± 0.03-fold, P &lt; 0.0001 and 0.33 ± 0.04-fold, P &lt; 0.0001 respectively) compared to LPS alone (1.00 ± 0.00-fold). The expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β was significantly greater than control in LPS-only treated cells (P &lt; 0.0001). However, treatment with 400 μg/ml raspberry polyphenol was able to significantly prevent this effect (0.59 ± 0.1 vs. 1.00 ± 0.00-fold, P = 0.007). Conclusions Results indicate that raspberry polyphenols possess anti-inflammatory properties suggesting a possible role as a complementary and alternative therapy to prevent inflammation. However, in vivo and human studies are needed to confirm this. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anti-obesity potential of aqueous extract of Achyranthes aspera Linn. in high fat diet induced obese rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumaraswamy Athesh ◽  
Rangaraju Sivasubramanian ◽  
Gnanasekaran Jothi ◽  
Pemiah Brindha
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Achyranthes Aspera ◽  
Obese Rats

Abstract Background Obesity, reached epidemic proportions globally is often associated with life threatening comorbidities. The unavailability of safe and effective long term medications for obesity in modern pharmacotherapy forces the scientific community to explore the potential of Ayurvedic traditional healers as they are considered safe and effective. Objective To explore the anti-obesity potential of aqueous extract of aerial parts of Achyranthes aspera L. (AEAA), a traditional healer in high fat diet (HFD) induced obese rats. Methods AEAA was prepared and subjected to in-vitro pancreatic lipase inhibition assay and in-vivo anti-obesity studies. For in-vivo studies, HFD fed obese prone Wistar albino rats were divided into five experimental groups (Group II to VI): animals fed with standard pellet chow served as normal control (Group I) while, animals continued with HFD alone served as obese control (Group II); Group III, IV and V were administered AEAA at a dose of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg b.w. respectively along with HFD; and animals administered orlistat (30 mg/kg bw) along with HFD served as standard control (Group VI). All the drugs were administered orally once a day for a period of 60 days. At the end of the experimental period various physical, biochemical and histopathological observations were made. Results In-vitro studies showed AEAA partially but not significantly inhibited the activity of pancreatic lipase. Data of in-vivo studies revealed, significant reduction in body weights, fat pad weights and organ weights upon AEAA treatment. Elevated levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, lipid profiles and antioxidant status were also brought back to normal. Conclusion The obtained results clearly suggested that AEAA possess pronounced anti-obesity potential.

High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Aggravates Food Allergy by Intestinal Barrier Destruction and Inflammation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yanjun Gu ◽  
Xiaoya Guo ◽  
Shanfeng Sun ◽  
Huilian Che
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Ppar Γ

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The increase in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and food allergy leads to an assumption that the 2 are related. This study aims to (1) systematic verification of HFD-induced obesity aggravates food allergy and (2) explore the correlation and molecular mechanisms of HFD-induced obesity promotes food allergy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Female BALB/c mice are divided into the control group (control), the ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized group (OVA), the HFD-induced obesity group (HFD), and HFD-induced allergic obesity group (HFD + OVA). <b><i>Results:</i></b> In vivo data showed that HFD feed enhance clinical symptoms and intestinal mucosa villi shed on allergic mice. Moreover, we found that HFD and OVA irritation enhanced levels of mast cell degranulation and Th2 humoral response. Additionally, Western blot analysis showed the potentiation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) remarkably reduced on intestinal in HFD and OVA group, thereby inhibiting the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/PPAR γ signal the phosphorylation of NF-κB P65. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Overall, our results suggest that HFD-induced obesity is a potential risk factor for food allergy, which related to intestinal barrier destruction and inflammation through the PPAR γ/NF-κB signaling pathway.

scholarly journals 3,3′-Diindolylmethane Dose-Dependently Prevents Advanced Prostate Cancer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufei Li ◽  
Nathaniel W. Mahloch ◽  
Nicholas J.E. Starkey ◽  
Mónica Peña-Luna ◽  
George E. Rottinghaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Alpha ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Beta ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mouse Prostate

Abstract3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is an acid-derived dimer of indole-3-carbinol, found in many cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, and has been shown to inhibit prostate cancer (PCa) in several in vitro and in vivo models. We demonstrated that DIM stimulated both estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) transcriptional activities and propose that ERβ plays a role in mediating DIM’s inhibition on cancer cell growth. To further study the effects of DIM on inhibiting advanced PCa development, we tested DIM in TRAMP (TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate) mice. The control group of mice were fed a high fat diet. Three additional groups of mice were fed the same high fat diet supplemented with 0.04%, 0.2% and 1% DIM. Incidence of advanced PCa, poorly differentiated carcinoma (PDC), in the control group was 60%. 1% DIM dramatically reduced PDC incidence to 24% (p=0.0012), while 0.2% and 0.04% DIM reduced PDC incidence to 38% (p=0.047) and 45% (p=0.14) respectively. Though DIM did affect mice weights, statistical analysis showed a clear negative association between DIM concentration and PDC incidence with p=0.004, while the association between body weight and PDC incidence was not significant (p=0.953). In conclusion, our results show that dietary DIM can inhibit the most aggressive stage of prostate cancer at concentration lower than previously demonstrated, possibly working through an estrogen receptor mediated mechanism.

scholarly journals The Anti-Atherogenic Activity of Luteolin and Luteolin-7-O-glucoside in High-Fat Diet-Administered Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced C57BL/6J Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 476-476
Author(s):  
Youngsun Song ◽  
Chung-Mu Park
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract Objectives The anti-atherogenic activity of luteolin and one of its glycoside form, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, was compared in high fat fed homocysteinemia-induced C57BL/6J mice. Methods Forty male C57BL/6J mice (12 wks) were divided into 4 groups; negative control group, homocystein (Hcy) control group, luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside groups and fed by modified AIN-93 with 45% fat and 0.5% cholesterol. Flavones were administered by oral gavage (50 mg/Kg BW) and Hcy (0.9 g/L) were provided in drinking water for 6 weeks. Results The serum concnetrations of Hcy, TG, cholesterol, TNF-α and MCP-1 were significantly increased in Hcy control group, which were mitigated in luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glycoside groups (P &lt; 0.05). Protein expression levels of adhesion molecules, inflammatory markers, such as VCAM, ICAM and COX-2 in liver and aorta were attenuated in luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glycoside groups compared to Hcy control group (P &lt; 0.05). Histopathologic examination by H&E staining and immunohistochemistry in liver and aorta was compatible with protein expression data. Conclusions Luteolin and luteolin-7–O-glycoside exhibited anti-atherogenic activity through the regulation of inflammatory markers and adhesion molecules in high fat-fed hyperhomocysteinemia induced mice. Efficacy of luteolun and luteolin-7-O-glycoside was not different. Funding Sources This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant by the Korea government of MOE (No 201,704,340,001).

EVALUATION OF IN VIVO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HYDRO ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF LINUM USITATISSIMUM L. (TUKHM-E-KATAN) AGAINST HIGH FAT DIET INDUCED RATS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Z. J Khan ◽  
◽  
N. A. Khan ◽  
I Naseem ◽  
S. A. A. Nami
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
High Fat

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo antioxidant activity of 50% ethanolic extract of Linum usitatissimum against high fat diet induced rats. Animals were treated with plant extract for 30 days, and high fat diet was given to all groups except plain control through, out the study, and alpha tocopherol acetate (Vit, E) was used as standard. pre-treatment with 23 mg/100 gm of body weight of 50% ethanolic extract of Linum usitatissimum significantly improved the superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and lipid peroxidation levels as compared to control group. The present studies revealed that the in vivo antioxidant activity of Linum usitatissimum was significant, and can be used to protect tissue from oxidative stress. The result showed that the superoxide dismutase, catalase, lipid peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities significantly declined in group treated with high fat diet than that of normal group. Based on this investigation, it was concluded that the 50% ethanolic extract of Linum usitatissimum has good in vivo antioxidant activity and can be used in protecting tissue from oxidative stress.

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