scholarly journals Daily Consumption of Pistachios over 12 Weeks Improves Nutrient Intake, Induces Energy Compensation, and Has No Effect on Body Weight or Composition in Healthy Women (P08-002-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
France Bellisle ◽  
Marc Fantino ◽  
Mary Jo Feeney ◽  
Jennette Higgs ◽  
Arianna Carughi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Energy Compensation ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates

Abstract Objectives Dietary guidelines around the world recommend regular intake of nuts because of their nutrient contribution to the diet and reported health benefits such as cardiometabolic risk reduction. Nuts, including pistachios, are nutrient-dense foods, high in protein, fiber, phytosterols, antioxidants, MUFA and PUFA. Consumers are often reluctant to include nuts in their diet due to weight concerns. However, the macronutrient composition of pistachios may promote satiety between meals and so facilitate energy compensation. In a 12-week intervention in healthy women, we investigated how the daily intake of pistachios affects body weight and composition, energy compensation, satiety, and nutrient intake. Methods In a randomized, controlled, open trial, 60 pre-menopausal women, non-usual consumers of nuts, consumed either 44 g (250 kcal) of pistachios mid-morning (n = 30) or maintained their current eating habits for 12 weeks (n = 30). Pistachios were varietals grown in California, dry-roasted, low salt. Ad libitum food intake (under laboratory and free living conditions) and appetite sensations (Visual Analogue Scales) were investigated at the beginning and end of the intervention. Body weight and composition (DEXA) were compared at the beginning and end of the intervention. Results Daily consumption of 44 g pistachios did not alter body weight or composition. Partial energy compensation occurred at the subsequent meals, mostly via reduced intakes of total and simple carbohydrates and starch, in accordance with decreased hunger and increased satiety sensations following the morning snack. Responses were the same before and after the 12-week habituation to the snack. Intakes of MUFA, PUFA, linoleic acid and micronutrients (thiamin, pyridoxine, copper, manganese, zinc) were significantly higher among women consuming the pistachio snack, in spite of the compensatory changes in intake. Conclusions Daily intake of 44 g pistachios improves nutritional intake without affecting body weight or composition in healthy women. The additional calories provided by the pistachios induced satiety and were compensated by a reduction in caloric intake at other eating events, and so had no adverse effects on weight regulation or body composition. Funding Sources American Pistachio Growers, USA.

scholarly journals Associations of eating and drinking habits with cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the adult population: data from the ESSE-RF epidemiological study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 2982
Author(s):  
N. S. Karamnova ◽  
A. I. Rytova ◽  
O. B. Shvabskaya ◽  
Yu. K. Makarova ◽  
S. A. Maksimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Frequency Method ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Drinking Habits

The presence of a disease, the prognosis of which can be improved by dietary modification, motivates a patient to change their eating habits.Aim. To study the associations of dietary patterns and alcohol consumption with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke in the adult population.Material and methods. The analysis was carried out using data from representative samples of population from 13 Russian regions aged 2564 years (n=19520; men, 7329; women, 12191). The response rate was ~80%. Dietary characteristics were assessed by frequency method.Results. In the diet of people with CVDs, the daily intake of vegetables/ fruits increases by 84% in men and by 19% in women, while the use of animal fats in cooking decreases by 28% and 20%m respectively (p<0,0001). Women with CVDs reduce the consumption of processed meat and sweets by 16 and 19%, respectively (p<0,005). Persons with prior MI reduce the consumption of sweets in the diet: men by 38% and women by 30%. Men with prior MI have higher daily consumption of cereals by 31%, vegetables and fruits by 46%, low-fat dairy products — 2,4 times. In addition, they are more adherent to a healthy and cardioprotective diet by 3,65 and 1,75 times, respectively. Dietary changes in those with prior stroke were noted only in women in the form of a 29% decrease in excess salt intake (p=0,0075). In the diet of people with diabetes, there is decreased consumption of sweets and an increased intake of vegetables/fruits: by 77 and 69% in men and by 79 and 69% in women, respectively (p<0,0001). Men with diabetes are 3 times more likely to adhere to a healthy diet, and women — 2,3 times (p=0,0039 and p<0,0001, respectively).Conclusion. Patients with CVDs, MI, and diabetes have a healthier diet than healthy persons.

Investigation of Aspartame effects on some blood parameters after oral administration in Balb-c mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 2387-2390
Author(s):  
Diana Ali Alkhalil ◽  
Moofeed Yasein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

No-caloric sweeteners, such as aspartame, are widely used in various food and beverages to prevent the increasing rates of obesity and diabetes mellitus, acting as tools in helping control caloric intake. Aspartame is a methyl ester of a dipeptide used as a synthetic nonnutritive sweetener in over 90 countries worldwide in over 6000 products. It was first approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1981. Aspartame is metabolized to phenylalanine, aspartic acid, and methanol. these metabolites have some health risks specially on PKU (Phenyl Ketone Urea) patients who can’t metabolize the amino acid phenyl alanine. This study aims to investigate the health effects of aspartame on Balb-c mice. 16 Balb-c mice were given physiological solution by oral gavage(control) and the study groups were given the recommended ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) for mice (ADI = 250mg/kg/body weight) of Aspartame diluted in water for 15days, 30days. Glucose blood level, lipid profile, marker enzymes (ALT.AST.ALP, γGT) and uric acid were determined at the end of the experiment. The results of this study show that oral administration of aspartame (250mg/kg body weight) was correlated to a significant increase in the lipid profile, fasting blood glucose and some marker enzymes and this increase is time related.

scholarly journals Ascertaining the Impact of the 2000 USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans on the Intake of Calories, Caffeine, Calcium, and Vitamin C from At-Home Consumption of Nonalcoholic Beverages

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senarath Dharmasena ◽  
Oral Capps ◽  
Annette Clauson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nonalcoholic Beverages ◽  
Home Consumption

Obesity is one of the most pressing and widely emphasized health problems in America today. Beverage choices made by households have impacts on determining the intake of calories, calcium, caffeine, and vitamin C. Using data from the Nielsen Homescan Panel over the period 1998-2003, and a two-way random-effects Fuller-Battese error components procedure, we estimate econometric models to examine economic and demographic factors affecting per-capita daily intake of calories, calcium, caffeine, and vitamin C derived from the consumption of nonalcoholic beverages. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of the USDA 2000 Dietary Guidelines in reducing caloric and nutrient intake associated with nonalcoholic beverages.

scholarly journals Food consumption of Sri Lankan adults: an appraisal of serving characteristics

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranil Jayawardena ◽  
Nuala M Byrne ◽  
Mario J Soares ◽  
Prasad Katulanda ◽  
Andrew P Hills
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Sugars

AbstractObjectiveThe main aim of the present study was to identify food consumption in Sri Lankan adults based on serving characteristics.DesignCross-sectional study. Fruits, vegetables, starch, meat, pulses, dairy products and added sugars in the diet were assessed with portion sizes estimated using standard methods.SettingTwelve randomly selected clusters from the Sri Lanka Diabetes and Cardiovascular Study.SubjectsSix hundred non-institutionalized adults.ResultsThe daily intake of fruit (0·43), vegetable (1·73) and dairy (0·39) portions were well below national recommendations. Only 3·5 % of adults consumed the recommended 5 portions of fruits and vegetables/d; over a third of the population consumed no dairy products and fewer than 1 % of adults consumed 2 portions/d. In contrast, Sri Lankan adults consumed over 14 portions of starch and 3·5 portions of added sugars daily. Almost 70 % of those studied exceeded the upper limit of the recommendations for starch intake. The total daily number of meat and pulse portions was 2·78.ConclusionsDietary guidelines emphasize the importance of a balanced and varied diet; however, a substantial proportion of the Sri Lankan population studied failed to achieve such a recommendation. Nutrition-related diseases in the country may be closely correlated with unhealthy eating habits.

scholarly journals A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study to Assess Effects of a Daily Pistachio (Pistacia Vera) Afternoon Snack on Next-Meal Energy Intake, Satiety, and Anthropometry in French Women

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Carughi ◽  
France Bellisle ◽  
Anestis Dougkas ◽  
Agnès Giboreau ◽  
Mary Feeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Intervention

Including nuts in the diet improves appetite control and does not lead to weight gain. However, for pistachios, evidence from randomized intervention studies is limited and there are no data on the effect of pistachios on satiety. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of daily consumption of pistachios as an afternoon snack on satiety, self-reported energy, self-reported nutrient intake, body weight, and body composition. This randomized controlled pilot study included two parallel groups of 30 healthy French women, in a free-living setting. For four weeks, groups were instructed to consume either 56 g (1318 kJ) of pistachios or 56 g of isoenergetic/equiprotein savory biscuits as an afternoon snack. Evening energy intake, changes in anthropometric measures, and daily intake of energy and selected nutrients were assessed. Visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to rate hunger, fullness, desire to eat, and prospective consumption. Satiety effects were not different between groups, as assessed by evening energy intake or VAS scores. Consuming pistachios or biscuits had no impact on body weight. Thiamin, vitamin B6, copper, and potassium intakes were significantly higher in the pistachio group. Consuming pistachios or biscuits as an afternoon snack resulted in similar post-snack food intake and subjective feelings of satiety. A daily pistachio snack for a month did not affect body weight or composition but it did improve micronutrient intake.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate-Responsive Gene Expression in the Adipose Tissue of Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartik Shankar ◽  
Amanda Harrell ◽  
Ping Kang ◽  
Rohit Singhal ◽  
Martin J. J. Ronis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Although obesity is often associated with high-fat diets, it can develop from a variety of meal patterns. Excessive intake of simple carbohydrates is one consistent eating behavior leading to obesity. However, the impact of overconsumption of diets with high carbohydrate to fat ratios (C/F) on body composition and global adipose tissue gene expression remains unclear. We used total enteral nutrition to evaluate the effects of caloric intake and C/F on body weight gain and development of obesity. Female Sprague Dawley rats were fed diets with either low C/F or high C/F (HC) (reflecting a 19.5-fold increase in C/F) at two levels of caloric intake: 187 or 220 kcal/kg3/4 · d (15% excess) for 4 wk. At the end of the study period, rats fed HC diets had about 20% higher body weight at either caloric intake compared with rats fed low C/F diets (P &lt; 0.05). Body composition (assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance, computerized tomography, and adipose tissue weights) revealed higher percent fat mass (P &lt; 0.05) in HC rats. Obesity was associated with increased serum resistin, leptin, fasting hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance after an oral glucose challenge (P &lt; 0.05). Microarray analyses of adipose tissues revealed HC diets led to changes in 270 and 464 transcripts at 187 and 220 kcal/kg3/4 · d intakes. Genes regulating glucose transport, glycolysis, fatty acid and triglyceride biosynthesis, desaturation and elongation, adipogenesis, and adipokines were affected by HC diets. These results suggest that C/F and interactions with excessive caloric intake per se may regulate body composition and play important roles in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Studies on fluorosis of sheep. II. The toxicity of water-borne fluoride for mature grazing sheep.

1954 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
AW Peirce
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Green It ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Uneven Wear ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Water Borne

Three groups each of 16 mature sheep were allowed to graze on sown pasture for 26 months. One group was given reservoir water, containing approximately 0.3 p.p.m. F, to drink, but the other two groups were offered similar water to which had been added sufficient sodium fluoride to give final concentrations of 10 or 20 p.p.m. F. During the winter months the treated groups drank only 0.5 1. or less of water per day and ingested virtually no fluoride. During the summer months the daily consumption of water by the groups which received 10 and 20 p.p.m. F rose to between 3 and 4 l., and the daily intake of fluoride, expressed as fluorine, to approximately 30 and 60 mg F respectively, equivalent to 0.4 and 0.8 mg F per kg body weight. The overall mean daily intakes of fluoride for the whole experiment by the two groups were 18 and 33 mg F or 0.24 and 0.44 mg F per kg body weight respectively. The ingestion of the amounts of fluoride supplied by drinking water containing as much as 20 p.p.m. F appeared to have no adverse effect on general health, body weight, or wool production of mature sheep over a period of 26 months. A brown deposit was present on the incisor teeth of all sheep throughout the experiment but was more pronounced during periods when the pasture was green; it did not appear to be related to fluoride intake, for it was as severe among the control sheep as among the treated ones. No mottling of the incisors or molars was observed, nor was there any evidence of excessive or uneven wear on these teeth. Ingestion of fluoride brought about increases up to threefold in the fluoride content of the bones and teeth.

The occurrence of abnormal body weight values and selected eating habits and physical activity of nurses

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Wioletta Waksmańska ◽  
Halina Woś ◽  
Rafał Bobiński
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Excessive Body Weight ◽  
Group Ii

Aim. The aim of the research was to analyze the incidence of abnormal body weight values and to assess eating habits and physical activity of nurses.Material and Methods. The studies involved all first‑year nursing students of the second degree daily studies, working as a nurse. The women’s eating habits were analyzed based the diet. The questionnaire allowed the researchers to determine daily consumption of each particular dietary component (proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fatty acids, vitamins) as well as the women’s calorie consumption.Results. The analysis showed that the group of underweight participants was comprised of 5 students (group I), the group of participants with normal body weight — of 43 students (group II), and the group of participants with excessive body weight — of 10 students (group III). Group II students spent the longest time on (moderate and intense) physical activity (on average 378 minutes/week), whereas group III students — the shortest (on average 203 minutes/week). While analyzing the average protein intake, it was found that all groups exceeded its daily requirement. The intake of sodium and cholesterol was exceeded more than twice of the recommended amount. A very low intake of vitamin D — covering from 40 to 48% of the daily requirement — was observed in all groups.Conclusions. Despite the fact that the nurses’ diet includes all nutrients necessary for the body, it is not properly balanced which obliges to raising awareness of types of consumed food.

Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Organochlorine Pesticides, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Wild, Farmed, and Frozen Marine Seafood Marketed in Campania, Italy

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1677-1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. CIRILLO ◽  
V. VISCARDI ◽  
E. FASANO ◽  
A. FARINA ◽  
R. AMODIO-COCCHIERI
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Annual Fish ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected in fresh-catch, farmed, and frozen marine fish marketed in Campania, Italy. Additionally, polychlorobiphenyl congeners were found: six were non–dioxin-like (NDL-PCB) (IUPAC no. 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, and 180), and one was dioxin-like (DL-PCB) (IUPAC no. 118). In all, 93% of fresh-catch, 100% of aquaculture, and 74% of the frozen specimens contained PCBs at concentrations varying from 0.12 to 35.11 ng/g, wet weight; NDL-PCBs ranged between 0.12 and 32.44 ng/g. Penta-, hexa-, and heptachlorobiphenyls were predominant. Regarding organochlorine pesticides, hexachlorobenzene was detected in 35% of fresh catch, 36% of farmed, and 46% of the frozen fish specimens, in a range between &lt;0.01 and 3.29 ng/g. Contents of the dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane isomer amounted to 0.12 to 11.00 ng/g. Finally, PAHs were detected in 100% of the specimens. Benzo[a]pyrene was detected in 66% of the aquaculture, 35% of the fresh catch, and 24% of the frozen species, at concentrations varying from 0.03 to 9.18 ng/g. On the basis of annual fish consumption, an average daily intake of NDL-PCBs of 6.02 ng/kg of body weight was estimated. Calculated daily hexachlorobenzene and total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane intakes were, respectively, 0.11 and 0.90 ng/kg of body weight per day. The contribution of fish to the daily consumption of the noncarcinogenic PAHs can be considered low; for benzo[a]pyrene, the estimated daily intake is considerably lower than the doses considered carcinogenic for experimental animals by the European Union Scientific Committee on Food.

A Critical Examination of Dietary Protein Requirements, Benefits, and Excesses in Athletes

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (s1) ◽  
pp. S58-S76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart M. Phillips ◽  
Daniel R. Moore ◽  
Jason E. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Protein Requirements

There is likely no other dietary component that inspires as much debate, insofar as athletes are concerned, as protein. How much dietary protein is required, optimal, or excessive? Dietary guidelines from a variety of sources have settled on an adequate dietary protein intake for those over the age of 19 of ~0.8–0.9 g protein·kg body weight−1·d−1. According to U.S. and Canadian dietary reference intakes (33), the recommended allowance for protein of 0.8 g protein·kg−1·d−1 is “the average daily intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all [~98%] . . . healthy individuals” (p. 22). The panel also stated, “in view of the lack of compelling evidence to the contrary, no additional dietary protein is suggested for healthy adults undertaking resistance or endurance exercise” (33, p. 661). Currently, no group or groups of scientists involved in establishing dietary guidelines see a need for any statement that athletes or people engaging in regular physical activity require more protein than their sedentary counterparts. Popular magazines, numerous Web sites, trainers, and many athletes decry protein intakes even close to those recommended. Even joint position stands from policy-setting groups state that “protein recommendations for endurance athletes are 1.2 to 1.4 g/kg body weight per day, whereas those for resistance and strength-trained athletes may be as high as 1.6 to 1.7 g/kg body weight per day” (1, p. 1544). The divide between those setting dietary protein requirements and those who might be making practical recommendations for athletes appears substantial, but ultimately, most athletes indicate that they consume protein at levels beyond even the highest recommendations. Thus, one might conclude that any debate on protein “requirements” for athletes is inconsequential; however, a critical analysis of existing and new data reveals novel ideas and concepts that may represent some common ground between these apparently conflicted groups. The goal of this review was to provide a critical and thorough analysis of current data on protein requirements in an attempt to provide some guidance to athletes, trainers, coaches, and sport dietitians on athletes’ protein intake. In addition, an effort was made to clearly distinguish between “required” dietary protein, “optimal” intakes, and intakes that are likely “excessive,” perhaps not from the standpoint of health, but certainly from the standpoint of potentially compromised performance.

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