scholarly journals Evidence-Based Critical Evaluation of Glycemic Potential ofCynodon dactylon

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Singh ◽  
Prashant Kumar Rai ◽  
Dolly Jaiswal ◽  
Geeta Watal

The present study is an extension of our previous work carried out onCynodon dactylon. This study deals with the critical evaluation of glycemic potential of ethanolic extract of defattedC. dactylon. The doses of 250, 500 and 750 mg kg−1bw of the extract were administered orally to normal as well as Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats to study its glycemic potential. The effect of repeated oral administration of the same doses of ethanolic extract was also studied on serum lipid profile of severely diabetic (SD) rats. The dose of 500 mg kg−1bw was identified as the most effective dose as it lowered the blood glucose levels of normal by 42.12% and of diabetic by 43.42% during fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glucose tolerance test respectively. The SD rats were also treated daily with this identified dose of 500 mg kg−1bw for 2 weeks and a significant reduction of 56.34% was observed in FBG level. Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels were also decreased by 32.94, 64.06 and 48.46% respectively in SD rats whereas, cardioprotective high density lipoprotein increased by 16.45%. The reduced urine sugar level and increased body weight are additional advantages. These evidences clearly indicate that the ethanolic extract of defattedC. dactylonhas high antidiabetic potential along with good hypolipidemic profile.

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Adeosun ◽  
F. O. Asejeje ◽  
O. M. Ighodaro ◽  
B. A. Oluwole ◽  
O. A. Akinloye

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus is clinically underlined by hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. In view of this, the current study assessed the glycemic and lipidemic control potentials of methanol extract of Sruchium sparganophora leaves (SPA) in the alloxan-induced diabetic model using male Wistar rats. Experimental diabetes was induced through a single intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg freshly prepared alloxan. Thirty-six rats were randomly assigned into six groups of normoglycemic control, untreated diabetic group, and diabetic treated with (i) metformin (12 mg), (ii) metformin 12 mg + SPA 300 mg/kg, (iii) SPA 300 mg/kg, and (iv) SPA 600 mg/kg per os twice at 9.00 and 18.00 h daily for 10 days. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and markers of dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress markers were determined. Results SPA at selected doses decreased fasting blood glucose which was significantly (p < 0.05) raised by alloxan. Increase in plasma total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) concentrations and decrease in HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration (p < 0.05) caused by alloxan were significantly moderated by SPA at selected doses. Glutathione-s-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities reduced by alloxan (p < 0.05) in both the liver and pancreas were reversed by SPA 300 and 600, and its combination with metformin. Decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration in alloxan diabetic rats was also reversed by the extract, while the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) exacerbated by alloxan (p < 0.05) in the tissues was decreased by the extracts. Conclusion Struchium sparganophora possesses considerable antihyperglycemic, antidyslipidemic, and antioxidant potentials without compromising organ functionality.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Mohini C. Upadhye ◽  
Uday Deokate ◽  
Rohini Pujari ◽  
Vishnu Thakare

Background: Ficus glomerata (F. glomerata) Linn. Family Moraceace is a large tree found all over India including outer Himalayan ranges, Punjab, Chota Nagpur, Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Deccan and also as a common plant in South India. It is planted around the home and temples. It is cultivated throughout the year, distributed in evergreen forests and moist localities. Objective: The Ethanolic Extract of roots of F. Glomerata (EEFG) belonging to the family Moraceace, was investigated for its antidiabetic activity using alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups having 6 rats in each group. The alloxan was administered to the rats of all groups except normal control group through intraperitoneal route at a concentration of 140mg/kg body weight. A dose of 100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight of EEFG was administered to alloxan induced diabetic rats. The administration of the extract was lasted for 11 days. Effectiveness of the extract on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein and protein concentrations was analyzed. Results: Significant (p<0.05) reduction in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride of the diabetic rats was observed after treatment with ethanolic extract. After subjecting to oral glucose tolerance test EEFG also showed significant improvement in glucose tolerance. Conclusion: F. glomerata root ethanolic extract showed that it possesses antidiabetic effect and can be found useful for the management of diabetes mellitus.


2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
S. A. Matveeva

Aim.To study the associations between blood lipid profile and blood glucose levels in men with coronary heart disease (CHD), stable effort angina (SEA), metabolic syndrome (MS), and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2).Material and methods.The study included 82 men (mean age 50,5±0,9 years) with CHD, Functional Class I–III SEA, MS, and DM-2. The following lipid profile parameters were assessed: total cholesterol (TCH), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL–CH), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL–CH), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL–CH), atherogenic index (AI), and triglyceride index (TGI), together with fasting blood glucose.Results.There were positive (direct) associations between higher levels (>90th percentile) of lipid profile parameters (TCH, TG, LDL–CH, VLDL– CH, HDL–CH, AI, TGI) and blood glucose, as well as between lower levels (≤10th percentile) of lipid profile parameters (TCH, TG, LDL–CH, VLDL– CH, AI, TGI) and blood glucose. At the same time, there were negative (inverse) associations between lower lipid levels (≤10th percentile of TCH, TG, LDL–CH, VLDL–CH, HDL–CH, AI, TGI) and higher glucose levels (>90th percentile), as well as between higher lipid levels (>90th percentile of TCH, TG, LDL–CH, VLDL–CH, HDL–CH, AI, TGI) and lower glucose levels (≤10th percentile).Conclusion.Dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia demonstrate synergetic proatherogenic effects in patients with CHD, SEA, MS, and DM-2, as suggested by significant heterogeneous (direct and inverse) associations between lipid profile parameters and fasting blood glucose. The results obtained provide an opportunity for the assessment of risk levels, prognosis, and need for pharmacological prevention and treatment in patients with combined cardiovascular pathology. 


2021 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Asmaa Alboueishi

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a common risk factor for diabetes that leads to cardiovascular disease, one of the causes of death of diabetic patients. Theaimof this study was to investigate the association between HbA1c levels and serum lipids in Libyan patients withtype 2 diabetes. Material and methods: The study was conducted in 2019 on 325 patients (174 males, 151 females) with type 2 diabetes referred to a private clinical laboratory in Tripoli, Libya. Blood samples were collected for measurement of HbA1c, fasting blood glucose and serum lipid concentrations. Diabetes was defined according to the American Diabetes Association criteria.The data were analyzed using an independent t-test and Pearson’scorrelation test.Results: The ages of the patients ranged from 40 to 83 years, with a mean of 51.52 ± 14.32 years SD. No significant correlation between HbA1c and age was noted (r=0.011, p=0.063). There was a significant positive correlation betweenHbA1c level and fasting blood glucose (r =0.641, p=0.000), low-density lipoprotein (r = 0.240, p = 0.000), total cholesterol (r = 0.223, p = 0.000) and triglycerides(r=0.140,p 0.067). The correlation between HbA1c and high-density lipoprotein-C was negative but not significant (r= -0.088, p = 0.123). Conclusion: HbA1c could be used as a predictor of dyslipidemia and thus it may serve as anindicator of the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudha Bala ◽  
Archana Mavoori ◽  
Harshal Pandve ◽  
Chinmayee Biswal ◽  
Vijay Prasanna ◽  
...  

Abstract Background and Aim Psoriasis have a direct impact on development of cardiovascular risk factors leading to atherosclerosis and metabolic abnormalities. In order to prevent the complications, early and prompt identification of factors through various parameters help in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among these psoriatic patients. Therefore the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of various determinants for cardiovascular diseases among cases and controls. Methods A hospital based case control study at a tertiary care hospital included women from the out patient department, aged above 18 years who were known cases of psoriasis. 114 patients were recruited with 1:1 ratio between cases and controls. All patients were evaluated using semi structured interview schedule with socio demographic variables, duration of disease, family history, and usage of drugs. Severity of disease was assessed through the psoriasis area severity index (PASI). Body surface area (BSA), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and blood pressure measurement were done using standard methods. Lipid profile, high sensitivity C-Reactive protein (HsCRP) and blood sugar through calibrated analyzers having quality control. Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) was assessed by using carotid Doppler technique to measure atherosclerosis. Results One hundred fourteen patients, means 57 pairs of cases and controls were analyzed in this study. Significant determinants among cases were raised such as waist circumference (p = 0.025), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.0001), low density lipoprotein (p = 0.002) and fasting blood glucose (p = 0.004) when compared to controls. HsCRP and CIMT were also raised among cases but only CIMT was statistically significant when compared to controls (p = 0.0001). We also found raised determinants among psoriatic arthritis patients compared to psoriasis. Conclusion Psoriasis patients had high waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, low density lipoprotein, fasting blood glucose, and CIMT when compared to controls. Early identification of these determinants make them amenable for prevention.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Eko Farida ◽  
Lilis Nuraida ◽  
Puspo E. Giriwono ◽  
Betty S. L. Jenie

Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are observed to be potential probiotics with functional properties such as lowering fasting blood glucose (FBG), as a promising hyperglycemia management. This study investigated the ability and mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus BSL and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R23 on lowering FBG in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were orally administered with L. rhamnosus BSL and L. rhamnosus R23 by giving 1 mL cell suspension (109 CFU/mL) daily for 30 days. The body weight (BW) was recorded once in three days, and FBG was recorded once in six days. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was measured 1 week after injection with STZ and before sacrifice. Fecal samples were collected on days 0, 15, and 30 for LAB population and identification, performed by PCR detecting 16S rRNA. Oral administration of L. rhamnosus BSL and L. rhamnosus R23 decreased FBG and improved glucose tolerance via downregulation of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pc) expression by 0.57- and 0.60-fold change, respectively (P<0.05). The lipid profiles, BUN, creatinine, SGOT, and SGPT were significantly (P<0.05) different between normal and diabetic rats, but they were not significantly (P>0.05) different among diabetic rats. Both strains were effective in increasing fecal LAB population. Molecular identification of the isolated LAB from fecal sample indicated that they were able to survive and pass through the digestive tract. These results suggested that both strains have the ability to manage blood glucose level and become a promising agent to manage hyperglycemia and diabetes.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Yu Huang ◽  
Mallikarjuna Korivi ◽  
Ying-Ying Chaing ◽  
Ting-Yi Chien ◽  
Ying-Chieh Tsai

Pleurotus tuber-regiumcontains polysaccharides that are responsible for pharmacological actions, and medicinal effects of these polysaccharides have not yet been studied in diabetic rats. We examined the antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant properties ofP. tuber-regiumpolysaccharides in experimental diabetic rats. Forty rats were equally assigned as diabetic high-fat (DHF) diet and polysaccharides treated DHF groups (DHF+1P, DHF+2P, and DHF+3P, 20 mg/kg bodyweight/8-week). Diabetes was induced by chronic low-dose streptozotocin injections and a high-fat diet to mimic type 2 diabetes. Polysaccharides (1P, 2P, and 3P) were extracted from three different strains ofP. tuber-regium. Fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels substantially decreased, while serum insulin levels were restored by polysaccharides treatment compared to DHF. Furthermore, plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein levels were significantly(P<0.01)lower in polysaccharide groups. High-density lipoprotein levels were attenuated with polysaccharides against diabetes condition. Polysaccharides inhibited(P<0.01)the lipid peroxidation index (malondialdehyde), and restored superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the liver of diabetic rats. The antihyperglycemic property of polysaccharides perhaps boosts the antioxidant system that attenuates oxidative stress. We emphasize thatP. tuber-regiumpolysaccharides can be considered as an alternative medicine to treat hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in diabetic rats.


2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Wei Song ◽  
Dalin Li ◽  
Jingqiang Yan ◽  
Yunhui Chen ◽  
...  

Background and aims: Cholesterol crystals have been shown to cause inflammation. As a response to cholesterol crystal accumulation, the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated to produce IL-1β which eventually leads to atherosclerotic lesions. As a part of innate immunity, CARD8 is involved in the modulation of above mentioned inflammatory activities. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the association between polymorphism of CARD8 rs2043211 and susceptibility to arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) in Chinese Han male population. Methods: 758 male arteriosclerosis obliterans patients and 793 male controls were genotyped for rs2043211 with the TaqMan allele assays. Fasting blood-glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), urea nitrogen, creatinine, Serum uric acid, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, ALT, AST, and IL-1β in the blood were detected for all subjects. Clinical data were recorded to analyze the genotype-phenotype. Independent samples t-test was used to perform the comparisons between two groups. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to measure the strength of relationship in the genotype distribution and allele frequencies between patients and controls. The analysis of variance was used for a genotype-phenotype analysis of the ASO patients. Results: The genotypic and allelic frequencies in the ASO group were significantly different from that in the control group (P = 0.014 by genotype, P = 0.003 by allele). Those carrying the genotype TT had a higher risk for ASO than those carrying the genotype AA (OR = 1.494, 95%CI1.131-1.974, P = 0.005).The difference was also significant after the adjustment for the history of smoking, TC, LDL, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure and BMI(OR = 1.525, 95%CI1.158-2.009, P = 0.003). Conclusion: Our finding suggests that the polymorphism of CARD8 rs2043211 is probably associated with the development of ASO in Chinese Han male population.


2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Ohira ◽  
Takashi Yamaguchi ◽  
Atsuhito Saiki ◽  
Noriko Ban ◽  
Hidetoshi Kawana ◽  
...  

Purpose: Type 2 diabetes is known to be associated with increasing cardiovascular mortality. Malondialdehyde-modified LDL (MDA-LDL) is an oxidized LDL and is increased in patients with diabetes or hypertriglyceridemia. Elevated MDA-LDL has been reported to be a risk factor of atherosclerosis or cardiovascular disease. Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and a new class of hypoglycemic agents. In this study, the effects of increasing the dose of metformin and add-on sitagliptin on MDA-LDL were examined in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: Seventy patients with type 2 diabetes, inadequately controlled despite on-going treatment with metformin 500 mg/day, were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. The patients received additional metformin (500 mg/day) or sitagliptin (50 mg/day) for 6 months, and changes in metabolic parameters including MDA-LDL were evaluated. Results: After 6 months of treatment, add-on sitagliptin (n=35) improved fasting blood glucose (FBG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) to significantly greater extent than increasing the dose of metformin (n=35). There were no differences in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels between two groups. MDA-LDL levels (mean±S.E.) decreased significantly with increasing the dose of metformin (from 94.40±6.35 to 77.83±4.74 U/L, P < 0.005), but remained unchanged with add-on sitagliptin treatment (from 89.94±5.59 to 98.46±6.78 U/L, p > 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis identified increasing the dose of metformin treatment as the only independent factor associated with decreased MDA-LDL (β coefficient 0.367, P < 0.0119), and no significant correlation between change in MDA-LDL and fasting blood glucose or HbA1c. Conclusion: These results suggest that increasing the dose of metformin improves serum MDA-LDL levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus.


Author(s):  
SULTANA RAJIA ◽  
KHADIZA KHANAM ◽  
UMME FARHANA ◽  
SOHANUR RAHMAN ◽  
RASHIDUL HAQUE

Objectives: Piper chaba, native to South and Southeast Asia, has been traditionally used as a medicinal plant. Aim of this study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of P. chaba root extracts (RE) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats along with its antimicrobial activity. Methods: Diabetes was induced in Wister rats through the intraperitoneal administration of STZ (50 mg/kg b.w.). Antidiabetic and antilipidemic activities of the RE (in methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and distilled water) were evaluated by administering oral dose (200 mg/kg b.w.) for 21 days. Metformin (12.1 mg/kg b.w.) was used as a positive control. Blood samples of rats were drawn by tail vein puncture and cardiac puncture to determine the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum level of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), respectively. Standard protocols were followed to determine the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against two different strains of bacteria. Results: Oral administration of P. chaba RE for 21 days resulted in a significant (p< 0.001) decrease in FBG and TC, TG, and LDL levels (p<0.001), when compared to the untreated diabetic rats. Significant (p<0.001) increase of HDL was observed when ethyl acetate and aqueous RE were administered. Out of four, two extracts showed varying antimicrobial activities, particularly against the gram-positive bacteria.  Conclusion: It became evident for the first time that P. chaba extracts possess antimicrobial activities and can serve as biochemical compounds with great alternative therapeutic potential in the management of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia.


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