scholarly journals Intermittent fasting and caloric restriction interact with genetics to shape physiological health in mice

Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guozhu Zhang ◽  
Andrew Deighan ◽  
Anil Raj ◽  
Laura Robinson ◽  
Hannah J Donato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Diversity Outbred ◽  
Outbred Mice ◽  
One Year

Abstract Dietary interventions can dramatically affect physiological health and organismal lifespan. The degree to which organismal health is improved depends upon genotype and the severity of dietary intervention, but neither the effects of these factors, nor their interaction, have been quantified in an outbred population. Moreover, it is not well understood what physiological changes occur shortly after dietary change and how these may affect the health of an adult population. In this article, we investigated the effect of six month exposure of either caloric restriction or intermittent fasting on a broad range of physiological traits in 960 one year old Diversity Outbred mice. We found caloric restriction and intermittent fasting affected distinct aspects of physiology and neither the magnitude nor the direction (beneficial or detrimental) of effects were concordant with the severity of the intervention. In addition to the effects of diet, genetic variation significantly affected 31 of 36 traits (heritabilties ranged from 0.04-0.65). We observed significant covariation between many traits that was due to both diet and genetics and quantified these effects with phenotypic and genetic correlations. We genetically mapped 16 diet-independent and 2 diet-dependent significant quantitative trait loci, both of which were associated with cardiac physiology. Collectively, these results demonstrate the degree to which diet and genetics interact to shape the physiological health of adult mice following six months of dietary intervention.

scholarly journals Intermittent fasting and caloric restriction interact with genetics to shape physiological health in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guozhu Zhang ◽  
Andrew Deighan ◽  
Anil Raj ◽  
Laura Robinson ◽  
Hannah J. Donato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Cardiac Physiology ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Diversity Outbred ◽  
Outbred Mice ◽  
One Year

Dietary interventions can dramatically affect physiological health and organismal lifespan. The degree to which organismal health is improved depends upon genotype and the severity of dietary intervention, but neither the effects of these factors, nor their interaction, have been quantified in an outbred population. Moreover, it is not well understood what physiological changes occur shortly after dietary change and how these may affect the health of early adulthood population. In this article, we investigated the effect of six month exposure of either caloric restriction or intermittent fasting on a broad range of physiological traits in 960 one year old Diversity Outbred mice. We found caloric restriction and intermittent fasting affected distinct aspects of physiology and neither the magnitude nor the direction (beneficial or detrimental) of effects were concordant with the severity of the intervention. In addition to the effects of diet, genetic variation significantly affected 31 of 36 traits (heritabilties ranged from 0.04-0.65). We observed significant covariation between many traits that was due to both diet and genetics and quantified these effects with phenotypic and genetic correlations. We genetically mapped 16 diet-independent and 2 diet-dependent significant quantitative trait loci, both of which were associated with cardiac physiology. Collectively, these results demonstrate the degree to which diet and genetics interact to shape the physiological health of early adult-hood mice following six months of dietary intervention.

scholarly journals The Effects of Caloric Restriction and/or Intermittent Fasting on Bone Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Connor A. Hernon ◽  
Abduallah Elsayed ◽  
Raphael M. Vicente ◽  
Ariane Zamarioli ◽  
Melissa A. Kacena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Impact

This mini-review summarizes the available information regarding the impact of caloric restriction (CR) and/or intermittent fasting (IF) on bone health. CR and IF are dietary interventions used in rehabilitative healthcare for augmenting weight loss and also proposed for recovery of conditions such as stroke and heart failure. CR restricts the total number of calories rather than different food groups or periods of eating. In contrast, IF severely restricts caloric intake for a period of time followed by a period of ad libitum intake. Here, we discuss the available information regarding the impact of these rehabilitation diets on bone metabolism, highlighting areas of consistency and discrepancy and suggesting future areas of study to advance the understanding of CR and/or IF on bone health.

scholarly journals Targeting Cardiovascular Risk Factors Through Dietary Adaptations and Caloric Restriction Mimetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Voglhuber ◽  
Senka Ljubojevic-Holzer ◽  
Mahmoud Abdellatif ◽  
Simon Sedej
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Alternative Interventions

The average human life expectancy continues to rise globally and so does the prevalence and absolute burden of cardiovascular disease. Dietary restriction promotes longevity and improves various cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. However, low adherence to caloric restriction renders this stringent dietary intervention challenging to adopt as a standard practice for cardiovascular disease prevention. Hence, alternative eating patterns and strategies that recapitulate the salutary benefits of caloric restriction are under intense investigation. Here, we first provide an overview of alternative interventions, including intermittent fasting, alternate-day fasting and the Mediterranean diet, along with their cardiometabolic effects in animal models and humans. We then present emerging pharmacological alternatives, including spermidine, NAD+ precursors, resveratrol, and metformin, as promising caloric restriction mimetics, and briefly touch on the mechanisms underpinning their cardiometabolic and health-promoting effects. We conclude that implementation of feasible dietary approaches holds the promise to attenuate the burden of cardiovascular disease and facilitate healthy aging in humans.

Dietary interventions in mild cognitive impairment and dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Dietary Counseling ◽  
Nutritional Elements

Dietary intervention is an enticing approach in the fight against cognitive impairment. Nutritional supplements and dietetic counseling are relatively easy and benign interventions, but research has not yet yielded irrefutable evidence as to their clinical utility. Heterogeneity in the results of available clinical studies, as well as methodological and practical issues, does not allow replication and generalization of findings. The paper at hand reviews only randomized clinical trials of single nutrients, multi-nutrient formulations and dietary counseling in mild cognitive impairment and dementia of the Alzheimer's type focusing on both cognitive and functional outcomes. Thus far, folate, vitamin E, Ω-3 fatty acids, and certain multi-nutrient formulations have shown some preliminary promising results; larger, well-designed trials are needed to confirm these findings before nutritional elements can be incorporated in recommended clinical guidelines.

scholarly journals Late-life intermittent fasting decreases aging-related frailty and increases renal hydrogen sulfide production in a sexually dimorphic manner

GeroScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko O. Henderson ◽  
Nazmin Bithi ◽  
Christopher Link ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Rebecca Schugar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Multiple Components

AbstractGlobal average life expectancy continues to rise. As aging increases the likelihood of frailty, which encompasses metabolic, musculoskeletal, and cognitive deficits, there is a need for effective anti-aging treatments. It is well established in model organisms that dietary restriction (DR), such as caloric restriction or protein restriction, enhances health and lifespan. However, DR is not widely implemented in the clinic due to patient compliance and its lack of mechanistic underpinnings. Thus, the present study tested the effects of a somewhat more clinically applicable and adoptable DR regimen, every-other-day (EOD) intermittent fasting, on frailty in 20-month-old male and female C57BL/6 mice. Frailty was determined by a series of metabolic, musculoskeletal, and cognitive tasks performed prior to and toward the end of the 2.5-month dietary intervention. Late-life EOD fasting attenuated overall energy intake, hypothalamic inflammatory gene expression, and frailty in males. However, it failed to reduce overall caloric intake and had a little positive effect in females. Given that the selected benefits of DR are dependent on augmented production of the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and that renal H2S production declines with age, we tested the effects of EOD fasting on renal H2S production capacity and its connection to frailty in males. EOD fasting boosted renal H2S production, which positively correlated with improvements in multiple components of frailty tasks. Therefore, late-life initiated EOD fasting is sufficient to reduce aging-related frailty, at least in males, and suggests that renal H2S production capacity may modulate the effects of late-life EOD fasting on frailty.

scholarly journals DDRE-31. FEASIBILITY AND BIOLOGIC ACTIVITY OF A KETOGENIC / INTERMITTENT FASTING DIET IN GLIOMA PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i13-i13
Author(s):  
Karisa Schreck ◽  
Fang-Chi Hsu ◽  
Adam Berrington ◽  
Bobbie Henry-Barron ◽  
Diane Vizthum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Mr Spectroscopy ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Cerebral Activity ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Systemic Activity ◽  
Patient Reported

Abstract BACKGROUND There has been increasing interest in exploring ketogenic diet therapies (KDT) in patients with glioma given the poor prognosis. The purpose of this single-arm, open label phase 2 study was to rigorously examine the feasibility, safety, systemic biological activity, and cerebral activity of a KDT in patients with glioma. METHODS 25 patients with biopsy-confirmed WHO Grade 2–4 astrocytoma with stable disease following adjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled in an 8-week GLioma Atkins-based Diet (GLAD). GLAD consisted of 2 fasting days (calories<20% calculated estimated needs) interleaved between 5 modified Atkins diet days (net carbohydrates≤20 gm/day) each week. The primary outcome was dietary adherence by food records. Markers of systemic and cerebral activity included weekly urine ketones, serum insulin, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, IGF-1, and MR spectroscopy at baseline and week 8. RESULTS 21 patients completed the study. 80% of patients reached ≥40 mg/dL urine acetoacetate during the study. 48% of patients were adherent by food record. The diet was well-tolerated with two grade 3 adverse events (neutropenia, seizure). Measures of systemic activity including hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and fat body mass decreased significantly, while lean body mass increased. MR spectroscopy demonstrated increased ketone concentrations (β-hydroxybutyrate (bHB) and acetone (Ace)) in both lesional and contralateral brain, compared to baseline. Higher total choline (tCho) and glutamine (Gln) levels were observed in lesional as compared to contralateral brain at baseline, and both decreased following intervention. Average ketonuria correlated with cerebral ketones in lesional (tumor) and contralateral brain (bHB Rs0.52, p=0.05). There were no differences in cerebral metabolites in IDH-mutant glioma after controlling for ketonuria. CONCLUSIONS The GLAD dietary intervention, while demanding, produced meaningful ketonuria, and significant systemic and cerebral metabolic changes in participants. Participant ketonuria correlated with cerebral ketone concentration and appears to be a better indicator of systemic activity than patient-reported food records.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Behaviour Change Theories Implementation in Dietary Interventions for People Who Have Survived Cancer

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Jana Sremanakova ◽  
Anne Marie Sowerbutts ◽  
Chris Todd ◽  
Richard Cooke ◽  
Sorrel Burden
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Change Theory ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Behaviour Change Theory

Background: An increasing number of dietary interventions for cancer survivors have been based on the behaviour change theory framework. The purpose of this study is to review the use and implementation of behaviour change theories in dietary interventions for people after cancer and assess their effects on the reported outcomes. Methods: The search strategy from a Cochrane review on dietary interventions for cancer survivors was expanded to incorporate an additional criterion on the use of behaviour change theory and updated to September 2020. Randomised controlled trials (RCT) testing a dietary intervention compared to the control were included. Standard Cochrane methodological procedures were used. Results: Nineteen RCTs, with 6261 participants (age range 44.6 to 73.1 years), were included in the review. The Social Cognitive Theory was the most frequently used theory (15 studies, 79%). Studies included between 4 to 17 behaviour change techniques. Due to limited information on the mediators of intervention and large heterogeneity between studies, no meta-analyses was conducted to assess which theoretical components of the interventions are effective. Conclusions: Whilst researchers have incorporated behaviour change theories into dietary interventions for cancer survivors, due to inconsistencies in design, evaluation and reporting, the effect of theories on survivors’ outcomes remains unclear.

SMOKELESS TOBACCO USE AND ASSOCIATED SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AMONG ADULTS IN AN URBAN RESETTLEMENT COLONY OF DELHI

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Varun Singh ◽  
Mongjam Meghachandra Singh ◽  
Reeta Devi ◽  
Suneela Garg ◽  
Bratati Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
North East ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
One Year ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) consumption poses serious health problems and is considered to be a signicant risk factor for oral, esophageal and pancreatic cancers. Estimation of the magnitude of consumption of SLT would be useful in planning for tobacco control activities in the community. Objectives: The study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use among adult population and to identify the socioeconomic factors associated with the SLT use among them. Methods: This was a community based cross-sectional study conducted in an urban resettlement colony of North East Delhi among adult population (>18 years age). A pre-tested interview schedule adapted from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey India (GATS India) was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPPS version 25. Results: A total of 440 study participants were enrolled for the study. The overall prevalence of SLT use was 24.5% (95 % CI: 20.6 - 28.8), higher in males (28.7%)(OR 1.75) as compared to females (18.7%), more in graduate or above educated (34.6%)(OR 2.02), and among government employees (48.6%)(OR 4.2)(p<0.05). The prevalence of common forms of SLT consumed were: pan masala with tobacco (15%), gutka (12.3%), zarda (10.5%), khaini (9.3%), and gul (5.2%). The most common reason for initiation of SLT use among the users was found to be seeking enjoyment 46(42.6%). Only 35 (37.6%) current SLT users planned to quit SLT in next one year of the survey. Conclusion: Nearly one fourth of the study subjects used SLT and more among males, education level graduate and above, and Government employees. This highlights the need to plan behavior change communication strategies and counsel them for reduction or cessation of SLT use

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